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MITRE ATT&CK® Campaign

C0014: Operation Wocao

Operation Wocao was a cyber espionage campaign that targeted organizations around the world, including in Brazil, China, France, Germany, Italy, Mexico, Portugal, Spain, the United Kingdom, and the United States. The suspected China-based actors compromised government organizations and managed service providers, as well as aviation, construction, energy, finance, health care, insurance, offshore engineering, software development, and transportation companies.[1]

Security researchers assessed the Operation Wocao actors used similar TTPs and tools as APT20, suggesting a possible overlap. Operation Wocao was named after an observed command line entry by one of the threat actors, possibly out of frustration from losing webshell access.[1]

EnterpriseC0014CampaignObject v1.2Modified
Glexia's Take · Automated analysis

Security context for executives and security teams

Automation confidenceMedium

Operation Wocao matters because ATT&CK describes it as a cyber espionage campaign affecting many countries and sectors, including government, managed service providers, aviation, energy, finance, health care, software development, and transportation. For leaders, the decision value is not the campaign name itself; it is the pattern of enterprise compromise behaviors linked to it: credential theft, Active Directory discovery, lateral movement over SMB/admin shares, use of dual-use administration tools, stealth, C2 obfuscation, and exfiltration over C2.

Executive priority

Treat this as a readiness check for identity security, Windows/Active Directory monitoring, managed service provider exposure, and incident response evidence quality. The relationship set emphasizes behaviors that can turn one compromised host or account into broader business risk: credential dumping, domain replication abuse, AD attack-path discovery, remote execution, and data collection/exfiltration. Executives should ask whether the organization can prove visibility into privileged credential use, domain controller activity, remote admin tooling, PowerShell/offensive framework use, and suspicious outbound C2-like traffic.

Technical view

ATT&CK provides no campaign-specific detection text and no campaign-level platforms or tactics, so validation should be built from the related software and techniques. SOC and IR teams should prioritize Windows and AD evidence because related tools include Mimikatz, PsExec, dsquery, PowerSploit, BloodHound, Wevtutil, and Impacket, and related techniques include LSASS Memory, DCSync, SMB/Windows Admin Shares, Query Registry, discovery activity, command obfuscation, indicator removal from tools, and exfiltration over C2. Detection engineering should test whether telemetry can connect identity events, process execution, command lines, PowerShell activity, SMB/admin share access, domain controller replication-like activity, event log utility usage, and outbound network behavior into a coherent intrusion narrative.

Likely telemetry

  • Windows process creation and command-line logging for PsExec-like execution, dsquery, wevtutil, PowerShell, netstat, registry queries, and discovery commands
  • Endpoint telemetry for LSASS access, credential dumping indicators, suspicious tool execution, renamed tools, and command obfuscation
  • Active Directory and domain controller logs relevant to account enumeration, group/domain discovery, BloodHound-like collection, and DCSync/replication abuse
  • SMB/admin share access logs and remote service execution evidence
  • PowerShell logging and script/module execution evidence for PowerSploit-like activity

Detection direction

  • Do not rely on tool-name signatures alone; several related tools are legitimate or open-source dual-use utilities, and ATT&CK includes indicator removal and command obfuscation in the relationship set.
  • Tune detections around behavior chains: credential access followed by AD discovery, remote execution, SMB/admin share use, and outbound C2/exfiltration-like traffic.
  • Separate normal administrator activity from suspicious use by validating user context, host role, timing, source/destination pairs, command arguments, and whether activity originates from expected admin systems.
  • Validate domain controller monitoring specifically for DCSync-style abuse and unusual replication-related access by non-standard principals.
  • Hunt for AD reconnaissance patterns involving dsquery and BloodHound-like collection, especially when paired with credential access or lateral movement evidence.

Mitigation priorities

  • Prioritize identity hardening: reduce privileged account exposure, review domain replication privileges, and limit where high-value credentials can be used.
  • Harden and monitor Windows administration paths, including SMB/admin shares, remote service execution, and approved use of PsExec-like tools.
  • Strengthen endpoint controls around LSASS access, suspicious PowerShell/offensive framework execution, and execution of renamed or obfuscated tools.
  • Improve AD attack-path management by reviewing excessive privileges and relationships that could enable lateral movement or domain escalation.
  • Ensure network egress monitoring and filtering can support investigation of anonymized or obfuscated C2-like traffic and exfiltration over existing channels.
Additional notes and limits

The campaign description cites suspected China-based actors and possible overlap with APT20, but this take does not treat attribution as a control decision by itself. The most defensible use for defenders is to map the related ATT&CK software and techniques to local logging, identity controls, and incident response procedures. Managed detection and consulting reviews should focus on whether the organization can correlate dual-use tool activity with credential access, AD reconnaissance, lateral movement, and C2/exfiltration signals.

ATT&CK provides no official detection guidance for this campaign, and the campaign object does not specify platforms or tactics. The technical recommendations therefore come from the supplied relationship context, not from a complete intrusion playbook. Local baselines, approved administration practices, architecture, and telemetry retention are required to determine actual risk and coverage.

Generated from the cited source records. This long-tail analysis has not been individually reviewed by a named human.

Official MITRE ATT&CK definition

Operation Wocao

Operation Wocao was a cyber espionage campaign that targeted organizations around the world, including in Brazil, China, France, Germany, Italy, Mexico, Portugal, Spain, the United Kingdom, and the United States. The suspected China-based actors compromised government organizations and managed service providers, as well as aviation, construction, energy, finance, health care, insurance, offshore engineering, software development, and transportation companies.[1]

Security researchers assessed the Operation Wocao actors used similar TTPs and tools as APT20, suggesting a possible overlap. Operation Wocao was named after an observed command line entry by one of the threat actors, possibly out of frustration from losing webshell access.[1]

View the same entry on attack.mitre.org (MITRE-hosted reference; in-page links above use the Glexia ATT&CK library.)

Glexia analysis

How security teams should use this page

Treat this object as behavior context, not an attribution claim. Validate the related groups, software, data sources, and mitigations against official ATT&CK relationships and your own telemetry before making control-coverage decisions.

ATT&CK relationship table

Techniques used

This mirrors the MITRE pattern of making group, software, campaign, and technique relationships scannable. Relationship notes come from mirrored ATT&CK relationship text when available.

70 rows
DomainIDNameRelationship / procedure
EnterpriseT1012Query Registry

During Operation Wocao, the threat actors executed `/c cd /d c:\windows\temp\ & reg query HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\\PuTTY\Sessions\` to detect recent PuTTY sessions, likely to further lateral movement.[1]

EnterpriseT1003.001LSASS MemorySub-technique

During Operation Wocao, threat actors used ProcDump to dump credentials from memory.[1]

EnterpriseT1056.001KeyloggingSub-technique

During Operation Wocao, threat actors obtained the password for the victim's password manager via a custom keylogger.[1]

EnterpriseT1518.001Security Software DiscoverySub-technique

During Operation Wocao, threat actors used scripts to detect security software.[1]

EnterpriseT1018Remote System Discovery

During Operation Wocao, threat actors used `nbtscan` and `ping` to discover remote systems, as well as `dsquery subnet` on a domain controller to retrieve all subnets in the Active Directory.[1]

EnterpriseT1573.002Asymmetric CryptographySub-technique

During Operation Wocao, threat actors' proxy implementation "Agent" upgraded the socket in use to a TLS socket.[1]

EnterpriseT1587.001MalwareSub-technique

During Operation Wocao, threat actors developed their own custom webshells to upload to compromised servers.[1]

EnterpriseT1059.003Windows Command ShellSub-technique

During Operation Wocao, threat actors spawned a new `cmd.exe` process to execute commands.[1]

EnterpriseT1555.005Password ManagersSub-technique

During Operation Wocao, threat actors accessed and collected credentials from password managers.[1]

EnterpriseT1552.004Private KeysSub-technique

During Operation Wocao, threat actors used Mimikatz to dump certificates and private keys from the Windows certificate store.[1]

EnterpriseT1119Automated Collection

During Operation Wocao, threat actors used a script to collect information about the infected system.[1]

EnterpriseT1049System Network Connections Discovery

During Operation Wocao, threat actors collected a list of open connections on the infected system using `netstat` and checks whether it has an internet connection.[1]

EnterpriseT1585.002Email AccountsSub-technique

For Operation Wocao, the threat actors registered email accounts to use during the campaign.[1]

EnterpriseT1124System Time Discovery

During Operation Wocao, threat actors used the `time` command to retrieve the current time of a compromised system.[1]

EnterpriseT1571Non-Standard Port

During Operation Wocao, the threat actors used uncommon high ports for its backdoor C2, including ports 25667 and 47000.[1]

EnterpriseT1686.003Windows Host FirewallSub-technique

During Operation Wocao, threat actors used PowerShell to add and delete rules in the Windows firewall.[1]

EnterpriseT1111Multi-Factor Authentication Interception

During Operation Wocao, threat actors used a custom collection method to intercept two-factor authentication soft tokens.[1]

EnterpriseT1190Exploit Public-Facing Application

During Operation Wocao, threat actors gained initial access by exploiting vulnerabilities in JBoss webservers.[1]

EnterpriseT1090.003Multi-hop ProxySub-technique

During Operation Wocao, threat actors executed commands through the installed web shell via Tor exit nodes.[1]

EnterpriseT1074.001Local Data StagingSub-technique

During Operation Wocao, threat actors staged archived files in a temporary directory prior to exfiltration.[1]

EnterpriseT1033System Owner/User Discovery

During Operation Wocao, threat actors enumerated sessions and users on a remote host, and identified privileged users logged into a targeted system.[1]

EnterpriseT1071.001Web ProtocolsSub-technique

During Operation Wocao, threat actors’ XServer tool communicated using HTTP and HTTPS.[1]

EnterpriseT1569.002Service ExecutionSub-technique

During Operation Wocao, threat actors created services on remote systems for execution purposes.[1]

EnterpriseT1005Data from Local System

During Operation Wocao, threat actors exfiltrated files and directories of interest from the targeted system.[1]

EnterpriseT1115Clipboard Data

During Operation Wocao, threat actors collected clipboard data in plaintext.[1]

EnterpriseT1583.004ServerSub-technique

For Operation Wocao, the threat actors purchased servers with Bitcoin to use during the operation.[1]

EnterpriseT1560.001Archive via UtilitySub-technique

During Operation Wocao, threat actors archived collected files with WinRAR, prior to exfiltration.[1]

EnterpriseT1106Native API

During Operation Wocao, threat actors used the `CreateProcessA` and `ShellExecute` API functions to launch commands after being injected into a selected process.[1]

EnterpriseT1069.001Local GroupsSub-technique

During Operation Wocao, threat actors used the command `net localgroup administrators` to list all administrators part of a local group.[1]

EnterpriseT1078Valid Accounts

During Operation Wocao, threat actors used valid VPN credentials to gain initial access.[1]

EnterpriseT1135Network Share Discovery

During Operation Wocao, threat actors discovered network disks mounted to the system using netstat.[1]

EnterpriseT1070.004File DeletionSub-technique

During Operation Wocao, the threat actors consistently removed traces of their activity by first overwriting a file using `/c cd /d c:\windows\temp\ & copy \\\c$\windows\system32\devmgr.dll \\\c$\windows\temp\LMAKSW.ps1 /y` and then deleting the overwritten file using `/c cd /d c:\windows\temp\ & del \\\c$\windows\temp\LMAKSW.ps1`.[1]

EnterpriseT1685.005Clear Windows Event LogsSub-technique

During Operation Wocao, the threat actors deleted all Windows system and security event logs using `/Q /c wevtutil cl system` and `/Q /c wevtutil cl security`.[1]

EnterpriseT1001Data Obfuscation

During Operation Wocao, threat actors encrypted IP addresses used for "Agent" proxy hops with RC4.[1]

EnterpriseT1588.002ToolSub-technique

For Operation Wocao, the threat actors obtained a variety of open source tools, including JexBoss, KeeThief, and BloodHound.[1]

EnterpriseT1558.003KerberoastingSub-technique

During Operation Wocao, threat actors used PowerSploit's `Invoke-Kerberoast` module to request encrypted service tickets and bruteforce the passwords of Windows service accounts offline.[1]

EnterpriseT1021.002SMB/Windows Admin SharesSub-technique

During Operation Wocao, threat actors used Impacket's smbexec.py as well as accessing the C$ and IPC$ shares to move laterally.[1]

EnterpriseT1570Lateral Tool Transfer

During Operation Wocao, threat actors used SMB to copy files to and from target systems.[1]

EnterpriseT1059.005Visual BasicSub-technique

During Operation Wocao, threat actors used VBScript to conduct reconnaissance on targeted systems.[1]

EnterpriseT1016.001Internet Connection DiscoverySub-technique

During Operation Wocao, threat actors used a Visual Basic script that checked for internet connectivity.[1]

EnterpriseT1087.002Domain AccountSub-technique

During Operation Wocao, threat actors used the `net` command to retrieve information about domain accounts.[1]

EnterpriseT1078.002Domain AccountsSub-technique

During Operation Wocao, threat actors used domain credentials, including domain admin, for lateral movement and privilege escalation.[1]

EnterpriseT1055Process Injection

During Operation Wocao, threat actors injected code into a selected process, which in turn launches a command as a child process of the original.[1]

EnterpriseT1083File and Directory Discovery

During Operation Wocao, threat actors gathered a recursive directory listing to find files and directories of interest.[1]

EnterpriseT1589Gather Victim Identity Information

During Operation Wocao, threat actors targeted people based on their organizational roles and privileges.[1]

EnterpriseT1059.006PythonSub-technique

During Operation Wocao, threat actors' backdoors were written in Python and compiled with py2exe.[1]

EnterpriseT1112Modify Registry

During Operation Wocao, the threat actors enabled Wdigest by changing the `HKLM\SYSTEM\\ControlSet001\\Control\\SecurityProviders\\WDigest` registry value from 0 (disabled) to 1 (enabled).[1]

EnterpriseT1090.001Internal ProxySub-technique

During Operation Wocao, threat actors proxied traffic through multiple infected systems.[1]

EnterpriseT1090Proxy

During Operation Wocao, threat actors used a custom proxy tool called "Agent" which has support for multiple hops.[1]

EnterpriseT1041Exfiltration Over C2 Channel

During Operation Wocao, threat actors used the XServer backdoor to exfiltrate data.[1]

EnterpriseT1036.005Match Legitimate Resource Name or LocationSub-technique

During Operation Wocao, the threat actors renamed some tools and executables to appear as legitimate programs.[1]

EnterpriseT1007System Service Discovery

During Operation Wocao, threat actors used the `tasklist` command to search for one of its backdoors.[1]

EnterpriseT1120Peripheral Device Discovery

During Operation Wocao, threat actors discovered removable disks attached to a system.[1]

EnterpriseT1003.006DCSyncSub-technique

During Operation Wocao, threat actors used Mimikatz's DCSync to dump credentials from the memory of the targeted system.[1]

EnterpriseT1027.005Indicator Removal from ToolsSub-technique

During Operation Wocao, threat actors edited variable names within the Impacket suite to avoid automated detection.[1]

EnterpriseT1053.005Scheduled TaskSub-technique

During Operation Wocao, threat actors used scheduled tasks to execute malicious PowerShell code on remote systems.[1]

EnterpriseT1082System Information Discovery

During Operation Wocao, threat actors discovered the OS versions of systems connected to a targeted network.[1]

EnterpriseT1027.010Command ObfuscationSub-technique

During Operation Wocao, threat actors executed PowerShell commands which were encoded or compressed using Base64, zlib, and XOR.[1]

EnterpriseT1059.001PowerShellSub-technique

During Operation Wocao, threat actors used PowerShell on compromised systems.[1]

EnterpriseT1047Windows Management Instrumentation

During Operation Wocao, threat actors has used WMI to execute commands.[1]

EnterpriseT1046Network Service Discovery

During Operation Wocao, threat actors scanned for open ports and used nbtscan to find NETBIOS nameservers.[1]

EnterpriseT1095Non-Application Layer Protocol

During Operation Wocao, threat actors used a custom protocol for command and control.[1]

EnterpriseT1016System Network Configuration Discovery

During Operation Wocao, threat actors discovered the local network configuration with `ipconfig`.[1]

EnterpriseT1133External Remote Services

During Operation Wocao, threat actors used stolen credentials to connect to the victim's network via VPN.[1]

EnterpriseT1505.003Web ShellSub-technique

During Operation Wocao, threat actors used their own web shells, as well as those previously placed on target systems by other threat actors, for reconnaissance and lateral movement.[1]

EnterpriseT1518Software Discovery

During Operation Wocao, threat actors collected a list of installed software on the infected system.[1]

EnterpriseT1680Local Storage Discovery

During Operation Wocao, threat actors discovered the local disks attached to the system and their hardware information including manufacturer and model.[1]

EnterpriseT1105Ingress Tool Transfer

During Operation Wocao, threat actors downloaded additional files to the infected system.[1]

EnterpriseT1078.003Local AccountsSub-technique

During Operation Wocao, threat actors used local account credentials found during the intrusion for lateral movement and privilege escalation.[1]

EnterpriseT1057Process Discovery

During Operation Wocao, the threat actors used `tasklist` to collect a list of running processes on an infected system.[1]

Associated objects

Groups, software, and campaigns

ToolEnterprise

S0104: netstat

netstat is an operating system utility that displays active TCP connections, listening ports, and network statistics. [1]

ToolEnterprise

S0002: Mimikatz

Mimikatz is a credential dumper capable of obtaining plaintext Windows account logins and passwords, along with many other features that make it useful for testing the security of networks. [1] [2]

Windows
ToolEnterprise

S0183: Tor

Tor is a software suite and network that provides increased anonymity on the Internet. It creates a multi-hop proxy network and utilizes multilayer encryption to protect both the message and routing information. Tor utilizes "Onion Routing," in which messages are encrypted with multiple layers of encryption; at each step in the proxy network, the topmost layer is decrypted and the contents forwarded on to the next node until it reaches its destination. [1]

LinuxWindowsmacOS
ToolEnterprise

S0645: Wevtutil

Wevtutil is a Windows command-line utility that enables administrators to retrieve information about event logs and publishers.[1]

Windows
ToolEnterprise

S0194: PowerSploit

PowerSploit is an open source, offensive security framework comprised of PowerShell modules and scripts that perform a wide range of tasks related to penetration testing such as code execution, persistence, bypassing anti-virus, recon, and exfiltration. [1] [2] [3]

Windows
ToolEnterprise

S0105: dsquery

dsquery is a command-line utility that can be used to query Active Directory for information from a system within a domain. [1] It is typically installed only on Windows Server versions but can be installed on non-server variants through the Microsoft-provided Remote Server Administration Tools bundle.

Windows
ToolEnterprise

S0029: PsExec

PsExec is a free Microsoft tool that can be used to execute a program on another computer. It is used by IT administrators and attackers.[1][2]

Windows
ToolEnterprise

S0357: Impacket

Impacket is an open source collection of modules written in Python for programmatically constructing and manipulating network protocols. Impacket contains several tools for remote service execution, Kerberos manipulation, Windows credential dumping, packet sniffing, and relay attacks.[1]

LinuxmacOSWindows
Relationship explorer

All related ATT&CK context

Change history

Object version and sync metadata

The fields below describe the current mirrored snapshot. When Glexia retains multiple ATT&CK source imports, you can open the table to compare the same object across releases (hashes and MITRE timestamps). For MITRE’s own release notes and roadmap, see ATT&CK resources — Updates.

ATT&CK release
19.1
Object version
1.2
Created
Modified
Raw hash
d82019da2797233b...
Imported snapshots across ATT&CK releases(1)
ReleaseBundle importedObject versionModifiedStatusRaw hash
19.11.2Current bundled82019da2797…
Raw source

Mirrored ATT&CK source object

The raw object is retained through the mirrored ATT&CK source bundle and object hash. The raw endpoint returns the exact object from the mirrored bundle when available.

Source references

External references and citations

MITRE external references are preserved separately from Glexia analysis so citations remain traceable to their original source records.

  1. [1]
    FoxIT Wocao December 2019

    Dantzig, M. v., Schamper, E. (2019, December 19). Operation Wocao: Shining a light on one of China’s hidden hacking groups. Retrieved October 8, 2020.

    Open source URL
  2. [2]
    FoxIT Wocao December 2019

    Dantzig, M. v., Schamper, E. (2019, December 19). Operation Wocao: Shining a light on one of China’s hidden hacking groups. Retrieved October 8, 2020.

    Open source URL
  3. [3]
    FoxIT Wocao December 2019

    Dantzig, M. v., Schamper, E. (2019, December 19). Operation Wocao: Shining a light on one of China’s hidden hacking groups. Retrieved October 8, 2020.

    Open source URL
  4. [4]
    mitre-attackC0014
    Open source URL
  5. [5]
    mitre-attackC0014
    Open source URL
  6. [6]
    mitre-attackC0014
    Open source URL
  7. [7]
    FoxIT Wocao December 2019

    Dantzig, M. v., Schamper, E. (2019, December 19). Operation Wocao: Shining a light on one of China’s hidden hacking groups. Retrieved October 8, 2020.

    Open source URL
  8. [8]
    FoxIT Wocao December 2019

    Dantzig, M. v., Schamper, E. (2019, December 19). Operation Wocao: Shining a light on one of China’s hidden hacking groups. Retrieved October 8, 2020.

    Open source URL
  9. [9]
    FoxIT Wocao December 2019

    Dantzig, M. v., Schamper, E. (2019, December 19). Operation Wocao: Shining a light on one of China’s hidden hacking groups. Retrieved October 8, 2020.

    Open source URL
  10. [10]
    FoxIT Wocao December 2019

    Dantzig, M. v., Schamper, E. (2019, December 19). Operation Wocao: Shining a light on one of China’s hidden hacking groups. Retrieved October 8, 2020.

    Open source URL
  11. [11]
    FoxIT Wocao December 2019

    Dantzig, M. v., Schamper, E. (2019, December 19). Operation Wocao: Shining a light on one of China’s hidden hacking groups. Retrieved October 8, 2020.

    Open source URL
  12. [12]
    FoxIT Wocao December 2019

    Dantzig, M. v., Schamper, E. (2019, December 19). Operation Wocao: Shining a light on one of China’s hidden hacking groups. Retrieved October 8, 2020.

    Open source URL
  13. [13]
    FoxIT Wocao December 2019

    Dantzig, M. v., Schamper, E. (2019, December 19). Operation Wocao: Shining a light on one of China’s hidden hacking groups. Retrieved October 8, 2020.

    Open source URL
  14. [14]
    FoxIT Wocao December 2019

    Dantzig, M. v., Schamper, E. (2019, December 19). Operation Wocao: Shining a light on one of China’s hidden hacking groups. Retrieved October 8, 2020.

    Open source URL
  15. [15]
    FoxIT Wocao December 2019

    Dantzig, M. v., Schamper, E. (2019, December 19). Operation Wocao: Shining a light on one of China’s hidden hacking groups. Retrieved October 8, 2020.

    Open source URL
  16. [16]
    FoxIT Wocao December 2019

    Dantzig, M. v., Schamper, E. (2019, December 19). Operation Wocao: Shining a light on one of China’s hidden hacking groups. Retrieved October 8, 2020.

    Open source URL
  17. [17]
    FoxIT Wocao December 2019

    Dantzig, M. v., Schamper, E. (2019, December 19). Operation Wocao: Shining a light on one of China’s hidden hacking groups. Retrieved October 8, 2020.

    Open source URL
  18. [18]
    FoxIT Wocao December 2019

    Dantzig, M. v., Schamper, E. (2019, December 19). Operation Wocao: Shining a light on one of China’s hidden hacking groups. Retrieved October 8, 2020.

    Open source URL
  19. [19]
    FoxIT Wocao December 2019

    Dantzig, M. v., Schamper, E. (2019, December 19). Operation Wocao: Shining a light on one of China’s hidden hacking groups. Retrieved October 8, 2020.

    Open source URL
  20. [20]
    FoxIT Wocao December 2019

    Dantzig, M. v., Schamper, E. (2019, December 19). Operation Wocao: Shining a light on one of China’s hidden hacking groups. Retrieved October 8, 2020.

    Open source URL
  21. [21]
    FoxIT Wocao December 2019

    Dantzig, M. v., Schamper, E. (2019, December 19). Operation Wocao: Shining a light on one of China’s hidden hacking groups. Retrieved October 8, 2020.

    Open source URL
  22. [22]
    FoxIT Wocao December 2019

    Dantzig, M. v., Schamper, E. (2019, December 19). Operation Wocao: Shining a light on one of China’s hidden hacking groups. Retrieved October 8, 2020.

    Open source URL
  23. [23]
    FoxIT Wocao December 2019

    Dantzig, M. v., Schamper, E. (2019, December 19). Operation Wocao: Shining a light on one of China’s hidden hacking groups. Retrieved October 8, 2020.

    Open source URL
  24. [24]
    FoxIT Wocao December 2019

    Dantzig, M. v., Schamper, E. (2019, December 19). Operation Wocao: Shining a light on one of China’s hidden hacking groups. Retrieved October 8, 2020.

    Open source URL
  25. [25]
    FoxIT Wocao December 2019

    Dantzig, M. v., Schamper, E. (2019, December 19). Operation Wocao: Shining a light on one of China’s hidden hacking groups. Retrieved October 8, 2020.

    Open source URL
  26. [26]
    FoxIT Wocao December 2019

    Dantzig, M. v., Schamper, E. (2019, December 19). Operation Wocao: Shining a light on one of China’s hidden hacking groups. Retrieved October 8, 2020.

    Open source URL
  27. [27]
    FoxIT Wocao December 2019

    Dantzig, M. v., Schamper, E. (2019, December 19). Operation Wocao: Shining a light on one of China’s hidden hacking groups. Retrieved October 8, 2020.

    Open source URL
  28. [28]
    FoxIT Wocao December 2019

    Dantzig, M. v., Schamper, E. (2019, December 19). Operation Wocao: Shining a light on one of China’s hidden hacking groups. Retrieved October 8, 2020.

    Open source URL
  29. [29]
    FoxIT Wocao December 2019

    Dantzig, M. v., Schamper, E. (2019, December 19). Operation Wocao: Shining a light on one of China’s hidden hacking groups. Retrieved October 8, 2020.

    Open source URL
  30. [30]
    FoxIT Wocao December 2019

    Dantzig, M. v., Schamper, E. (2019, December 19). Operation Wocao: Shining a light on one of China’s hidden hacking groups. Retrieved October 8, 2020.

    Open source URL
  31. [31]
    FoxIT Wocao December 2019

    Dantzig, M. v., Schamper, E. (2019, December 19). Operation Wocao: Shining a light on one of China’s hidden hacking groups. Retrieved October 8, 2020.

    Open source URL
  32. [32]
    FoxIT Wocao December 2019

    Dantzig, M. v., Schamper, E. (2019, December 19). Operation Wocao: Shining a light on one of China’s hidden hacking groups. Retrieved October 8, 2020.

    Open source URL
  33. [33]
    FoxIT Wocao December 2019

    Dantzig, M. v., Schamper, E. (2019, December 19). Operation Wocao: Shining a light on one of China’s hidden hacking groups. Retrieved October 8, 2020.

    Open source URL
  34. [34]
    FoxIT Wocao December 2019

    Dantzig, M. v., Schamper, E. (2019, December 19). Operation Wocao: Shining a light on one of China’s hidden hacking groups. Retrieved October 8, 2020.

    Open source URL
  35. [35]
    FoxIT Wocao December 2019

    Dantzig, M. v., Schamper, E. (2019, December 19). Operation Wocao: Shining a light on one of China’s hidden hacking groups. Retrieved October 8, 2020.

    Open source URL
  36. [36]
    FoxIT Wocao December 2019

    Dantzig, M. v., Schamper, E. (2019, December 19). Operation Wocao: Shining a light on one of China’s hidden hacking groups. Retrieved October 8, 2020.

    Open source URL
  37. [37]
    FoxIT Wocao December 2019

    Dantzig, M. v., Schamper, E. (2019, December 19). Operation Wocao: Shining a light on one of China’s hidden hacking groups. Retrieved October 8, 2020.

    Open source URL
  38. [38]
    FoxIT Wocao December 2019

    Dantzig, M. v., Schamper, E. (2019, December 19). Operation Wocao: Shining a light on one of China’s hidden hacking groups. Retrieved October 8, 2020.

    Open source URL
  39. [39]
    FoxIT Wocao December 2019

    Dantzig, M. v., Schamper, E. (2019, December 19). Operation Wocao: Shining a light on one of China’s hidden hacking groups. Retrieved October 8, 2020.

    Open source URL
  40. [40]
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