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MITRE ATT&CK® Malware

S1196: Troll Stealer

Troll Stealer is an information stealer written in Go associated with Kimsuky operations. Troll Stealer has typically been delivered through a dropper disguised as a legitimate security program installation file. Troll Stealer features code similar to AppleSeed, also uniquely associated with Kimsuky operations.[1][2]

EnterpriseS1196MalwareObject v1.0Modified
Discuss defensive coverageBack to ATT&CK
Glexia's Take · Automated analysis

Security context for executives and security teams

Automation confidenceMedium

Troll Stealer matters because it represents a Windows information-stealing capability tied in ATT&CK to Kimsuky operations and to behaviors that collect local files, browser information, screenshots, private keys, and repository data before staging, archiving, and exfiltrating it over web/C2 channels. For leaders, the business issue is not just malware execution; it is whether sensitive data, authentication material, and user context on endpoints can be collected and moved out before the SOC can see the chain.

Executive priority

Prioritize this as an endpoint data-theft and espionage readiness scenario. Executives should ask whether Windows endpoints handling sensitive business, government, research, manufacturing, or partner data have sufficient prevention, logging, egress visibility, and incident-response playbooks for stealer activity. The relationship to code signing, masquerading as legitimate security software, rundll32, PowerShell/cmd, local staging, archiving, and web-protocol C2 makes this relevant to control assurance, certificate trust policy, endpoint hardening, and audit evidence around data protection.

Technical view

ATT&CK provides no official detection text, so defenders should validate coverage by chaining the related behaviors rather than relying on a single indicator. On Windows, test visibility for suspicious installer/dropper execution disguised as security software, packed or signed binaries, PowerShell and cmd execution, rundll32 proxy execution, discovery of system/network/browser/file information, access to private key material, screenshot activity, local staging/archive creation, deletion of artifacts, and outbound web traffic carrying encoded or encrypted data. Correlation is important: any one behavior can be benign, but execution plus discovery plus staging plus web/C2 exfiltration is materially stronger.

Likely telemetry

  • Windows process creation telemetry, including parent/child relationships for installers, PowerShell, cmd.exe, and rundll32.exe
  • Endpoint file events for dropped executables, packed binaries, staging directories, archive creation, and file deletion
  • Code-signing and certificate metadata for newly executed or downloaded binaries
  • Command-line and script block logging where enabled for PowerShell and Windows command shell activity
  • Browser profile, file-system, repository, screenshot, and private-key access events where endpoint controls can record them

Detection direction

  • Build detections around behavior sequences: disguised installer or suspicious signed binary execution followed by command shell use, discovery, collection, staging, archive creation, and outbound web traffic.
  • Tune PowerShell, cmd.exe, and rundll32.exe analytics to account for legitimate administrative and software-installation activity; require context such as unusual parent process, user, path, certificate, or network destination.
  • Review trust decisions for signed software. A valid signature alone should not suppress inspection when the binary is newly observed, unusually located, or associated with collection/exfiltration behavior.
  • Validate visibility into collection targets named by the relationships: local files, browser information, screenshots, private keys, and information repositories.
  • Look for exfiltration patterns over existing web/C2 channels, including encoded or encrypted payloads, but avoid assuming content inspection will be available for all HTTPS traffic.

Mitigation priorities

  • Harden Windows endpoints against untrusted or unexpected software installation, especially installers presented as security tools.
  • Apply application control and certificate-trust review processes that evaluate publisher, path, prevalence, and behavior rather than signature status alone.
  • Restrict and monitor PowerShell, cmd.exe, and rundll32.exe use according to administrative need.
  • Protect sensitive local data: reduce storage of private keys and credentials on endpoints, enforce secure key management, and limit repository access from user workstations where possible.
  • Ensure EDR, logging, proxy, DNS, and firewall telemetry are retained long enough to reconstruct collection-to-exfiltration timelines.
Additional notes and limits

The ATT&CK object identifies Troll Stealer as a Go-based information stealer associated with Kimsuky operations, typically delivered through a dropper disguised as a legitimate security program installation file, with code similarity to AppleSeed. Relationship context supplies the practical defensive map: execution through PowerShell/cmd/rundll32, discovery, local collection, staging, archiving, private-key access, code signing, web-protocol C2, encoded/encrypted communications, exfiltration, and file deletion.

MITRE does not provide official detection guidance for this object, and the supplied object lists Windows as the malware platform while some related techniques have broader platform metadata. This take does not assert active exploitation, local exposure, or guaranteed detection. Local validation requires environment-specific software inventory, certificate policy, endpoint logging, proxy visibility, and incident data-retention review.

Generated from the cited source records. This long-tail analysis has not been individually reviewed by a named human.

Official MITRE ATT&CK definition

Troll Stealer

Troll Stealer is an information stealer written in Go associated with Kimsuky operations. Troll Stealer has typically been delivered through a dropper disguised as a legitimate security program installation file. Troll Stealer features code similar to AppleSeed, also uniquely associated with Kimsuky operations.[1][2]

View the same entry on attack.mitre.org (MITRE-hosted reference; in-page links above use the Glexia ATT&CK library.)

Glexia analysis

How security teams should use this page

Treat this object as behavior context, not an attribution claim. Validate the related groups, software, data sources, and mitigations against official ATT&CK relationships and your own telemetry before making control-coverage decisions.

ATT&CK relationship table

Techniques used

This mirrors the MITRE pattern of making group, software, campaign, and technique relationships scannable. Relationship notes come from mirrored ATT&CK relationship text when available.

22 rows
DomainIDNameRelationship / procedure
EnterpriseT1005Data from Local System

Troll Stealer gathers information from infected systems such as SSH information from the victim's `.ssh` directory.[2] Troll Stealer collects information from local FileZilla installations and Microsoft Sticky Note.[1]

EnterpriseT1074.001Local Data StagingSub-technique

Troll Stealer encrypts gathered information on victim devices prior to exfiltrating it through command and control infrastructure.[1]

EnterpriseT1113Screen Capture

Troll Stealer can capture screenshots from victim machines.[1][2]

EnterpriseT1132.001Standard EncodingSub-technique

Troll Stealer performs XOR encryption and Base64 encoding of data prior to sending to command and control infrastructure.[1]

EnterpriseT1027.002Software PackingSub-technique

Troll Stealer has been delivered as a VMProtect-packed binary.[1][3]

EnterpriseT1016System Network Configuration Discovery

Troll Stealer collects the MAC address of victim devices.[1]

EnterpriseT1071.001Web ProtocolsSub-technique

Troll Stealer uses HTTP to communicate to command and control infrastructure.[1]

EnterpriseT1059.001PowerShellSub-technique

Troll Stealer creates and executes a PowerShell script to delete itself.[1]

EnterpriseT1553.002Code SigningSub-technique

Troll Stealer, along with its associated dropper, utilizes legitimate, stolen code signing certificates.[1][3]

EnterpriseT1059.003Windows Command ShellSub-technique

Troll Stealer can create and execute Windows batch scripts.[1]

EnterpriseT1036.005Match Legitimate Resource Name or LocationSub-technique

Troll Stealer is typically installed via a dropper file that masquerades as a legitimate security program installation file.[1][2]

EnterpriseT1552.004Private KeysSub-technique

Troll Stealer collects all data in victim `.ssh` folders by creating a compressed copy that is subsequently exfiltrated to command and control infrastructure. Troll Stealer also collects key information associated with the Government Public Key Infrastructure (GPKI) service for South Korean government information systems.[1][2]

EnterpriseT1560Archive Collected Data

Troll Stealer compresses stolen data prior to exfiltration.[1]

EnterpriseT1213Data from Information Repositories

Troll Stealer gathers information from the Government Public Key Infrastructure (GPKI) folder, associated with South Korean government public key infrastructure, on infected systems.[1][2]

EnterpriseT1083File and Directory Discovery

Troll Stealer can enumerate and collect items from local drives and folders.[1]

EnterpriseT1480.002Mutual ExclusionSub-technique

Troll Stealer creates a mutex during installation to prevent duplicate execution.[1]

EnterpriseT1082System Information Discovery

Troll Stealer can collect local system information.[1][2]

EnterpriseT1218.011Rundll32Sub-technique

Troll Stealer is dropped as a DLL file and executed via `rundll32.exe` by its installer.[1][3]

EnterpriseT1041Exfiltration Over C2 Channel

Troll Stealer exfiltrates collected information to its command and control infrastructure.[1]

EnterpriseT1217Browser Information Discovery

Troll Stealer collects information from Chromium-based browsers and Firefox such as cookies, history, downloads, and extensions.[1][2]

EnterpriseT1573.001Symmetric CryptographySub-technique

Troll Stealer encrypts data sent to command and control infrastructure using a combination of RC4 and RSA-4096 algorithms.[1]

EnterpriseT1070.004File DeletionSub-technique

Troll Stealer creates and can execute a BAT script that will delete the malware.[1]

Associated objects

Groups, software, and campaigns

GroupEnterprise

G0094: Kimsuky

Kimsuky is a Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK)-based cyber espionage group that has been active since at least 2012. The group initially targeted South Korean government agencies, think tanks, and subject-matter experts in various fields. Its operations expanded to include the United Nations and organizations in the government, education, business services, and manufacturing sectors across the United States, Japan, Russia, and Europe. Kimsuky has focused collection on foreign policy and national security issues tied to the Korean Peninsula, nuclear policy, and sanctions. Kimsuky operations have overlapped with those of other North Korean state-sponsored cyber espionage actors as a result of ad hoc collaborations or other limited resource sharing.[1][2][3][4][5][6]

Kimsuky was assessed to be responsible for the 2014 Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power Co. compromise; other notable campaigns include Operation STOLEN PENCIL (2018), Operation Kabar Cobra (2019), and Operation Smoke Screen (2019).[7][8][9] In 2023, Kimsuky was observed using commercial large language models (LLMs) to assist with vulnerability research, scripting, social engineering and reconnaissance.[10]

DPRK threat actor cluster boundaries overlap in open source reporting, with some security researchers consolidating all attributed North Korean state-sponsored cyber activity under Lazarus Group, rather than tracking operationally distinct subgroups.

Relationship explorer

All related ATT&CK context

uses · TechniqueT1005: Data from Local SystemEnterpriseuses · GroupG0094: KimsukyEnterpriseuses · TechniqueT1074.001: Local Data StagingEnterpriseuses · TechniqueT1113: Screen CaptureEnterpriseuses · TechniqueT1132.001: Standard EncodingEnterpriseuses · TechniqueT1027.002: Software PackingEnterpriseuses · TechniqueT1016: System Network Configuration DiscoveryEnterpriseuses · TechniqueT1071.001: Web ProtocolsEnterpriseuses · TechniqueT1059.001: PowerShellEnterpriseuses · TechniqueT1553.002: Code SigningEnterpriseuses · TechniqueT1059.003: Windows Command ShellEnterpriseuses · TechniqueT1036.005: Match Legitimate Resource Name or LocationEnterpriseuses · TechniqueT1552.004: Private KeysEnterpriseuses · TechniqueT1560: Archive Collected DataEnterpriseuses · TechniqueT1213: Data from Information RepositoriesEnterpriseuses · TechniqueT1083: File and Directory DiscoveryEnterpriseuses · TechniqueT1480.002: Mutual ExclusionEnterpriseuses · TechniqueT1082: System Information DiscoveryEnterpriseuses · TechniqueT1218.011: Rundll32Enterpriseuses · TechniqueT1041: Exfiltration Over C2 ChannelEnterpriseuses · TechniqueT1217: Browser Information DiscoveryEnterpriseuses · TechniqueT1573.001: Symmetric CryptographyEnterpriseuses · TechniqueT1070.004: File DeletionEnterprise
Change history

Object version and sync metadata

The fields below describe the current mirrored snapshot. When Glexia retains multiple ATT&CK source imports, you can open the table to compare the same object across releases (hashes and MITRE timestamps). For MITRE’s own release notes and roadmap, see ATT&CK resources — Updates.

ATT&CK release
19.1
Object version
1.0
Created
Modified
Raw hash
d8b3d298507f7baf...
Imported snapshots across ATT&CK releases(1)
ReleaseBundle importedObject versionModifiedStatusRaw hash
19.11.0Current bundled8b3d298507f…
Raw source

Mirrored ATT&CK source object

The raw object is retained through the mirrored ATT&CK source bundle and object hash. The raw endpoint returns the exact object from the mirrored bundle when available.

Open mirrored raw JSONOpen MITRE-hosted copy
Source references

External references and citations

MITRE external references are preserved separately from Glexia analysis so citations remain traceable to their original source records.

  1. [1]
    S2W Troll Stealer 2024

    Jiho Kim & Sebin Lee, S2W. (2024, February 7). Kimsuky disguised as a Korean company signed with a valid certificate to distribute Troll Stealer (English ver.). Retrieved January 17, 2025.

    Open source URL
  2. [2]
    Symantec Troll Stealer 2024

    Symantec Threat Hunter Team. (2024, May 16). Springtail: New Linux Backdoor Added to Toolkit. Retrieved January 17, 2025.

    Open source URL
  3. [3]
    ASEC Troll Stealer 2024

    AhnLab ASEC. (2024, February 16). TrollAgent That Infects Systems Upon Security Program Installation Process (Kimsuky Group). Retrieved January 17, 2025.

    Open source URL
  4. [4]
    S2W Troll Stealer 2024

    Jiho Kim & Sebin Lee, S2W. (2024, February 7). Kimsuky disguised as a Korean company signed with a valid certificate to distribute Troll Stealer (English ver.). Retrieved January 17, 2025.

    Open source URL
  5. [5]
    S2W Troll Stealer 2024

    Jiho Kim & Sebin Lee, S2W. (2024, February 7). Kimsuky disguised as a Korean company signed with a valid certificate to distribute Troll Stealer (English ver.). Retrieved January 17, 2025.

    Open source URL
  6. [6]
    Symantec Troll Stealer 2024

    Symantec Threat Hunter Team. (2024, May 16). Springtail: New Linux Backdoor Added to Toolkit. Retrieved January 17, 2025.

    Open source URL
  7. [7]
    Symantec Troll Stealer 2024

    Symantec Threat Hunter Team. (2024, May 16). Springtail: New Linux Backdoor Added to Toolkit. Retrieved January 17, 2025.

    Open source URL
  8. [8]
    mitre-attackS1196
    Open source URL
  9. [9]
    mitre-attackS1196
    Open source URL
  10. [10]
    mitre-attackS1196
    Open source URL
  11. [11]
    S2W Troll Stealer 2024

    Jiho Kim & Sebin Lee, S2W. (2024, February 7). Kimsuky disguised as a Korean company signed with a valid certificate to distribute Troll Stealer (English ver.). Retrieved January 17, 2025.

    Open source URL
  12. [12]
    S2W Troll Stealer 2024

    Jiho Kim & Sebin Lee, S2W. (2024, February 7). Kimsuky disguised as a Korean company signed with a valid certificate to distribute Troll Stealer (English ver.). Retrieved January 17, 2025.

    Open source URL
  13. [13]
    Symantec Troll Stealer 2024

    Symantec Threat Hunter Team. (2024, May 16). Springtail: New Linux Backdoor Added to Toolkit. Retrieved January 17, 2025.

    Open source URL
  14. [14]
    Symantec Troll Stealer 2024

    Symantec Threat Hunter Team. (2024, May 16). Springtail: New Linux Backdoor Added to Toolkit. Retrieved January 17, 2025.

    Open source URL
  15. [15]
    ASEC Troll Stealer 2024

    AhnLab ASEC. (2024, February 16). TrollAgent That Infects Systems Upon Security Program Installation Process (Kimsuky Group). Retrieved January 17, 2025.

    Open source URL
  16. [16]
    S2W Troll Stealer 2024

    Jiho Kim & Sebin Lee, S2W. (2024, February 7). Kimsuky disguised as a Korean company signed with a valid certificate to distribute Troll Stealer (English ver.). Retrieved January 17, 2025.

    Open source URL
  17. [17]
    S2W Troll Stealer 2024

    Jiho Kim & Sebin Lee, S2W. (2024, February 7). Kimsuky disguised as a Korean company signed with a valid certificate to distribute Troll Stealer (English ver.). Retrieved January 17, 2025.

    Open source URL
  18. [18]
    Symantec Troll Stealer 2024

    Symantec Threat Hunter Team. (2024, May 16). Springtail: New Linux Backdoor Added to Toolkit. Retrieved January 17, 2025.

    Open source URL
  19. [19]
    Symantec Troll Stealer 2024

    Symantec Threat Hunter Team. (2024, May 16). Springtail: New Linux Backdoor Added to Toolkit. Retrieved January 17, 2025.

    Open source URL
  20. [20]
    S2W Troll Stealer 2024

    Jiho Kim & Sebin Lee, S2W. (2024, February 7). Kimsuky disguised as a Korean company signed with a valid certificate to distribute Troll Stealer (English ver.). Retrieved January 17, 2025.

    Open source URL
  21. [21]
    S2W Troll Stealer 2024

    Jiho Kim & Sebin Lee, S2W. (2024, February 7). Kimsuky disguised as a Korean company signed with a valid certificate to distribute Troll Stealer (English ver.). Retrieved January 17, 2025.

    Open source URL
  22. [22]
    S2W Troll Stealer 2024

    Jiho Kim & Sebin Lee, S2W. (2024, February 7). Kimsuky disguised as a Korean company signed with a valid certificate to distribute Troll Stealer (English ver.). Retrieved January 17, 2025.

    Open source URL
  23. [23]
    S2W Troll Stealer 2024

    Jiho Kim & Sebin Lee, S2W. (2024, February 7). Kimsuky disguised as a Korean company signed with a valid certificate to distribute Troll Stealer (English ver.). Retrieved January 17, 2025.

    Open source URL
  24. [24]
    Symantec Troll Stealer 2024

    Symantec Threat Hunter Team. (2024, May 16). Springtail: New Linux Backdoor Added to Toolkit. Retrieved January 17, 2025.

    Open source URL
  25. [25]
    Symantec Troll Stealer 2024

    Symantec Threat Hunter Team. (2024, May 16). Springtail: New Linux Backdoor Added to Toolkit. Retrieved January 17, 2025.

    Open source URL
  26. [26]
    S2W Troll Stealer 2024

    Jiho Kim & Sebin Lee, S2W. (2024, February 7). Kimsuky disguised as a Korean company signed with a valid certificate to distribute Troll Stealer (English ver.). Retrieved January 17, 2025.

    Open source URL
  27. [27]
    S2W Troll Stealer 2024

    Jiho Kim & Sebin Lee, S2W. (2024, February 7). Kimsuky disguised as a Korean company signed with a valid certificate to distribute Troll Stealer (English ver.). Retrieved January 17, 2025.

    Open source URL
  28. [28]
    ASEC Troll Stealer 2024

    AhnLab ASEC. (2024, February 16). TrollAgent That Infects Systems Upon Security Program Installation Process (Kimsuky Group). Retrieved January 17, 2025.

    Open source URL
  29. [29]
    ASEC Troll Stealer 2024

    AhnLab ASEC. (2024, February 16). TrollAgent That Infects Systems Upon Security Program Installation Process (Kimsuky Group). Retrieved January 17, 2025.

    Open source URL
  30. [30]
    S2W Troll Stealer 2024

    Jiho Kim & Sebin Lee, S2W. (2024, February 7). Kimsuky disguised as a Korean company signed with a valid certificate to distribute Troll Stealer (English ver.). Retrieved January 17, 2025.

    Open source URL
  31. [31]
    S2W Troll Stealer 2024

    Jiho Kim & Sebin Lee, S2W. (2024, February 7). Kimsuky disguised as a Korean company signed with a valid certificate to distribute Troll Stealer (English ver.). Retrieved January 17, 2025.

    Open source URL
  32. [32]
    S2W Troll Stealer 2024

    Jiho Kim & Sebin Lee, S2W. (2024, February 7). Kimsuky disguised as a Korean company signed with a valid certificate to distribute Troll Stealer (English ver.). Retrieved January 17, 2025.

    Open source URL
  33. [33]
    S2W Troll Stealer 2024

    Jiho Kim & Sebin Lee, S2W. (2024, February 7). Kimsuky disguised as a Korean company signed with a valid certificate to distribute Troll Stealer (English ver.). Retrieved January 17, 2025.

    Open source URL
  34. [34]
    S2W Troll Stealer 2024

    Jiho Kim & Sebin Lee, S2W. (2024, February 7). Kimsuky disguised as a Korean company signed with a valid certificate to distribute Troll Stealer (English ver.). Retrieved January 17, 2025.

    Open source URL
  35. [35]
    S2W Troll Stealer 2024

    Jiho Kim & Sebin Lee, S2W. (2024, February 7). Kimsuky disguised as a Korean company signed with a valid certificate to distribute Troll Stealer (English ver.). Retrieved January 17, 2025.

    Open source URL
  36. [36]
    S2W Troll Stealer 2024

    Jiho Kim & Sebin Lee, S2W. (2024, February 7). Kimsuky disguised as a Korean company signed with a valid certificate to distribute Troll Stealer (English ver.). Retrieved January 17, 2025.

    Open source URL
  37. [37]
    S2W Troll Stealer 2024

    Jiho Kim & Sebin Lee, S2W. (2024, February 7). Kimsuky disguised as a Korean company signed with a valid certificate to distribute Troll Stealer (English ver.). Retrieved January 17, 2025.

    Open source URL
  38. [38]
    ASEC Troll Stealer 2024

    AhnLab ASEC. (2024, February 16). TrollAgent That Infects Systems Upon Security Program Installation Process (Kimsuky Group). Retrieved January 17, 2025.

    Open source URL
  39. [39]
    ASEC Troll Stealer 2024

    AhnLab ASEC. (2024, February 16). TrollAgent That Infects Systems Upon Security Program Installation Process (Kimsuky Group). Retrieved January 17, 2025.

    Open source URL
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    S2W Troll Stealer 2024

    Jiho Kim & Sebin Lee, S2W. (2024, February 7). Kimsuky disguised as a Korean company signed with a valid certificate to distribute Troll Stealer (English ver.). Retrieved January 17, 2025.

    Open source URL
  41. [41]
    S2W Troll Stealer 2024

    Jiho Kim & Sebin Lee, S2W. (2024, February 7). Kimsuky disguised as a Korean company signed with a valid certificate to distribute Troll Stealer (English ver.). Retrieved January 17, 2025.

    Open source URL
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    S2W Troll Stealer 2024

    Jiho Kim & Sebin Lee, S2W. (2024, February 7). Kimsuky disguised as a Korean company signed with a valid certificate to distribute Troll Stealer (English ver.). Retrieved January 17, 2025.

    Open source URL
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    S2W Troll Stealer 2024

    Jiho Kim & Sebin Lee, S2W. (2024, February 7). Kimsuky disguised as a Korean company signed with a valid certificate to distribute Troll Stealer (English ver.). Retrieved January 17, 2025.

    Open source URL
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    S2W Troll Stealer 2024

    Jiho Kim & Sebin Lee, S2W. (2024, February 7). Kimsuky disguised as a Korean company signed with a valid certificate to distribute Troll Stealer (English ver.). Retrieved January 17, 2025.

    Open source URL
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    S2W Troll Stealer 2024

    Jiho Kim & Sebin Lee, S2W. (2024, February 7). Kimsuky disguised as a Korean company signed with a valid certificate to distribute Troll Stealer (English ver.). Retrieved January 17, 2025.

    Open source URL
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    Symantec Troll Stealer 2024

    Symantec Threat Hunter Team. (2024, May 16). Springtail: New Linux Backdoor Added to Toolkit. Retrieved January 17, 2025.

    Open source URL
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    Symantec Troll Stealer 2024

    Symantec Threat Hunter Team. (2024, May 16). Springtail: New Linux Backdoor Added to Toolkit. Retrieved January 17, 2025.

    Open source URL
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    S2W Troll Stealer 2024

    Jiho Kim & Sebin Lee, S2W. (2024, February 7). Kimsuky disguised as a Korean company signed with a valid certificate to distribute Troll Stealer (English ver.). Retrieved January 17, 2025.

    Open source URL
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    S2W Troll Stealer 2024

    Jiho Kim & Sebin Lee, S2W. (2024, February 7). Kimsuky disguised as a Korean company signed with a valid certificate to distribute Troll Stealer (English ver.). Retrieved January 17, 2025.

    Open source URL
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    Symantec Troll Stealer 2024

    Symantec Threat Hunter Team. (2024, May 16). Springtail: New Linux Backdoor Added to Toolkit. Retrieved January 17, 2025.

    Open source URL
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    Symantec Troll Stealer 2024

    Symantec Threat Hunter Team. (2024, May 16). Springtail: New Linux Backdoor Added to Toolkit. Retrieved January 17, 2025.

    Open source URL
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    S2W Troll Stealer 2024

    Jiho Kim & Sebin Lee, S2W. (2024, February 7). Kimsuky disguised as a Korean company signed with a valid certificate to distribute Troll Stealer (English ver.). Retrieved January 17, 2025.

    Open source URL
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    S2W Troll Stealer 2024

    Jiho Kim & Sebin Lee, S2W. (2024, February 7). Kimsuky disguised as a Korean company signed with a valid certificate to distribute Troll Stealer (English ver.). Retrieved January 17, 2025.

    Open source URL
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    S2W Troll Stealer 2024

    Jiho Kim & Sebin Lee, S2W. (2024, February 7). Kimsuky disguised as a Korean company signed with a valid certificate to distribute Troll Stealer (English ver.). Retrieved January 17, 2025.

    Open source URL
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    S2W Troll Stealer 2024

    Jiho Kim & Sebin Lee, S2W. (2024, February 7). Kimsuky disguised as a Korean company signed with a valid certificate to distribute Troll Stealer (English ver.). Retrieved January 17, 2025.

    Open source URL
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    Symantec Troll Stealer 2024

    Symantec Threat Hunter Team. (2024, May 16). Springtail: New Linux Backdoor Added to Toolkit. Retrieved January 17, 2025.

    Open source URL
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    Symantec Troll Stealer 2024

    Symantec Threat Hunter Team. (2024, May 16). Springtail: New Linux Backdoor Added to Toolkit. Retrieved January 17, 2025.

    Open source URL
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    S2W Troll Stealer 2024

    Jiho Kim & Sebin Lee, S2W. (2024, February 7). Kimsuky disguised as a Korean company signed with a valid certificate to distribute Troll Stealer (English ver.). Retrieved January 17, 2025.

    Open source URL
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    S2W Troll Stealer 2024

    Jiho Kim & Sebin Lee, S2W. (2024, February 7). Kimsuky disguised as a Korean company signed with a valid certificate to distribute Troll Stealer (English ver.). Retrieved January 17, 2025.

    Open source URL
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    S2W Troll Stealer 2024

    Jiho Kim & Sebin Lee, S2W. (2024, February 7). Kimsuky disguised as a Korean company signed with a valid certificate to distribute Troll Stealer (English ver.). Retrieved January 17, 2025.

    Open source URL
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    S2W Troll Stealer 2024

    Jiho Kim & Sebin Lee, S2W. (2024, February 7). Kimsuky disguised as a Korean company signed with a valid certificate to distribute Troll Stealer (English ver.). Retrieved January 17, 2025.

    Open source URL
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    S2W Troll Stealer 2024

    Jiho Kim & Sebin Lee, S2W. (2024, February 7). Kimsuky disguised as a Korean company signed with a valid certificate to distribute Troll Stealer (English ver.). Retrieved January 17, 2025.

    Open source URL
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    S2W Troll Stealer 2024

    Jiho Kim & Sebin Lee, S2W. (2024, February 7). Kimsuky disguised as a Korean company signed with a valid certificate to distribute Troll Stealer (English ver.). Retrieved January 17, 2025.

    Open source URL
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    Symantec Troll Stealer 2024

    Symantec Threat Hunter Team. (2024, May 16). Springtail: New Linux Backdoor Added to Toolkit. Retrieved January 17, 2025.

    Open source URL
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    Symantec Threat Hunter Team. (2024, May 16). Springtail: New Linux Backdoor Added to Toolkit. Retrieved January 17, 2025.

    Open source URL
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    ASEC Troll Stealer 2024

    AhnLab ASEC. (2024, February 16). TrollAgent That Infects Systems Upon Security Program Installation Process (Kimsuky Group). Retrieved January 17, 2025.

    Open source URL
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    ASEC Troll Stealer 2024

    AhnLab ASEC. (2024, February 16). TrollAgent That Infects Systems Upon Security Program Installation Process (Kimsuky Group). Retrieved January 17, 2025.

    Open source URL
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