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MITRE ATT&CK® Malware

S0622: AppleSeed

AppleSeed is a backdoor that has been used by Kimsuky to target South Korean government, academic, and commercial targets since at least 2021.[1]

EnterpriseS0622MalwareObject v1.1Modified
Glexia's Take · Automated analysis

Security context for executives and security teams

Automation confidenceMedium

S0622: AppleSeed describes [AppleSeed](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0622) is a backdoor that has been used by [Kimsuky](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0094) to target South Korean government, academic, and commercial targets since at least 2021.(Citation: Malwarebytes Kimsuky June 2021)

Executive priority

S0622: AppleSeed is an official MITRE ATT&CK software. Glexia treats it as defensive behavior context for prioritizing monitoring, control validation, and response planning without using the object by itself as an attribution claim.

Technical view

Security teams should validate S0622: AppleSeed by reviewing the official ATT&CK relationships, mapped tactics (the mapped ATT&CK tactic context), supported platforms (Windows, Android), and available local telemetry before making detection or mitigation decisions.

Likely telemetry

  • Official ATT&CK relationships and object metadata
  • Network, endpoint, and security-tool telemetry

Detection direction

  • Validate whether S0622: AppleSeed appears in your detection coverage and tabletop scenarios.
  • Use the object to align executive risk language with SOC, incident response, and detection engineering work.
  • Do not treat ATT&CK relationship context as attribution without corroborating evidence.

Mitigation priorities

  • Map the object to existing controls and identify missing telemetry or response ownership.
  • Prioritize mitigations that reduce exposure on the listed platforms and tactics.
  • Review adjacent ATT&CK relationships before changing policy, detections, or reporting language.
Additional notes and limits

Baseline Glexia take generated from the official MITRE ATT&CK STIX object, source hash, tactics, platforms, and detection fields. It is safe to replace with a richer model-generated take for the same source hash later.

This baseline take is source-grounded and schema-validated, but it does not include environment-specific telemetry, incident evidence, or threat-intelligence corroboration.

Generated from the cited source records. This long-tail analysis has not been individually reviewed by a named human.

Official MITRE ATT&CK definition

AppleSeed

AppleSeed is a backdoor that has been used by Kimsuky to target South Korean government, academic, and commercial targets since at least 2021.[1]

View the same entry on attack.mitre.org (MITRE-hosted reference; in-page links above use the Glexia ATT&CK library.)

Glexia analysis

How security teams should use this page

Treat this object as behavior context, not an attribution claim. Validate the related groups, software, data sources, and mitigations against official ATT&CK relationships and your own telemetry before making control-coverage decisions.

ATT&CK relationship table

Techniques used

This mirrors the MITRE pattern of making group, software, campaign, and technique relationships scannable. Relationship notes come from mirrored ATT&CK relationship text when available.

32 rows
DomainIDNameRelationship / procedure
EnterpriseT1059.007JavaScriptSub-technique

AppleSeed has the ability to use JavaScript to execute PowerShell.[1]

EnterpriseT1059.001PowerShellSub-technique

AppleSeed has the ability to execute its payload via PowerShell.[1]

EnterpriseT1027.002Software PackingSub-technique

AppleSeed has used UPX packers for its payload DLL.[1]

EnterpriseT1016System Network Configuration Discovery

AppleSeed can identify the IP of a targeted system.[1]

EnterpriseT1036Masquerading

AppleSeed can disguise JavaScript files as PDFs.[1]

EnterpriseT1566.001Spearphishing AttachmentSub-technique

AppleSeed has been distributed to victims through malicious e-mail attachments.[1]

EnterpriseT1140Deobfuscate/Decode Files or Information

AppleSeed can decode its payload prior to execution.[1]

EnterpriseT1057Process Discovery

AppleSeed can enumerate the current process on a compromised host.[1]

EnterpriseT1134Access Token Manipulation

AppleSeed can gain system level privilege by passing SeDebugPrivilege to the AdjustTokenPrivilege API.[1]

EnterpriseT1056.001KeyloggingSub-technique

AppleSeed can use GetKeyState and GetKeyboardState to capture keystrokes on the victim’s machine.[1]CitationKISA Operation Muzabi

EnterpriseT1005Data from Local System

AppleSeed can collect data on a compromised host.[1]CitationKISA Operation Muzabi

EnterpriseT1036.005Match Legitimate Resource Name or LocationSub-technique

AppleSeed has the ability to rename its payload to ESTCommon.dll to masquerade as a DLL belonging to ESTsecurity.[1]

EnterpriseT1082System Information Discovery

AppleSeed can identify the OS version of a targeted system.[1]

EnterpriseT1119Automated Collection

AppleSeed has automatically collected data from USB drives, keystrokes, and screen images before exfiltration.CitationKISA Operation Muzabi

EnterpriseT1567Exfiltration Over Web Service

AppleSeed has exfiltrated files using web services.CitationKISA Operation Muzabi

EnterpriseT1030Data Transfer Size Limits

AppleSeed has divided files if the size is 0x1000000 bytes or more.CitationKISA Operation Muzabi

EnterpriseT1106Native API

AppleSeed has the ability to use multiple dynamically resolved API calls.[1]

EnterpriseT1560Archive Collected Data

AppleSeed has compressed collected data before exfiltration.CitationKISA Operation Muzabi

EnterpriseT1008Fallback Channels

AppleSeed can use a second channel for C2 when the primary channel is in upload mode.[1]

EnterpriseT1041Exfiltration Over C2 Channel

AppleSeed can exfiltrate files via the C2 channel.[1]

EnterpriseT1083File and Directory Discovery

AppleSeed has the ability to search for .txt, .ppt, .hwp, .pdf, and .doc files in specified directories.[1]

EnterpriseT1027Obfuscated Files or Information

AppleSeed has the ability to Base64 encode its payload and custom encrypt API calls.[1]

EnterpriseT1071.001Web ProtocolsSub-technique

AppleSeed has the ability to communicate with C2 over HTTP.[1]CitationKISA Operation Muzabi

EnterpriseT1070.004File DeletionSub-technique

AppleSeed can delete files from a compromised host after they are exfiltrated.[1]

EnterpriseT1113Screen Capture

AppleSeed can take screenshots on a compromised host by calling a series of APIs.[1]CitationKISA Operation Muzabi

EnterpriseT1204.002Malicious FileSub-technique

AppleSeed can achieve execution through users running malicious file attachments distributed via email.[1]

EnterpriseT1074.001Local Data StagingSub-technique

AppleSeed can stage files in a central location prior to exfiltration.[1]

EnterpriseT1560.001Archive via UtilitySub-technique

AppleSeed can zip and encrypt data collected on a target system.[1]

EnterpriseT1547.001Registry Run Keys / Startup FolderSub-technique

AppleSeed has the ability to create the Registry key name EstsoftAutoUpdate at HKCU\Software\Microsoft/Windows\CurrentVersion\RunOnce to establish persistence.[1]

EnterpriseT1025Data from Removable Media

AppleSeed can find and collect data from removable media devices.[1]CitationKISA Operation Muzabi

EnterpriseT1124System Time Discovery

AppleSeed can pull a timestamp from the victim's machine.[1]

EnterpriseT1218.010Regsvr32Sub-technique

AppleSeed can call regsvr32.exe for execution.[1]

Associated objects

Groups, software, and campaigns

GroupEnterprise

G0094: Kimsuky

Kimsuky is a Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK)-based cyber espionage group that has been active since at least 2012. The group initially targeted South Korean government agencies, think tanks, and subject-matter experts in various fields. Its operations expanded to include the United Nations and organizations in the government, education, business services, and manufacturing sectors across the United States, Japan, Russia, and Europe. Kimsuky has focused collection on foreign policy and national security issues tied to the Korean Peninsula, nuclear policy, and sanctions. Kimsuky operations have overlapped with those of other North Korean state-sponsored cyber espionage actors as a result of ad hoc collaborations or other limited resource sharing.[1][2][3][4][5][6]

Kimsuky was assessed to be responsible for the 2014 Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power Co. compromise; other notable campaigns include Operation STOLEN PENCIL (2018), Operation Kabar Cobra (2019), and Operation Smoke Screen (2019).[7][8][9] In 2023, Kimsuky was observed using commercial large language models (LLMs) to assist with vulnerability research, scripting, social engineering and reconnaissance.[10]

DPRK threat actor cluster boundaries overlap in open source reporting, with some security researchers consolidating all attributed North Korean state-sponsored cyber activity under Lazarus Group, rather than tracking operationally distinct subgroups.

Relationship explorer

All related ATT&CK context

Change history

Object version and sync metadata

The fields below describe the current mirrored snapshot. When Glexia retains multiple ATT&CK source imports, you can open the table to compare the same object across releases (hashes and MITRE timestamps). For MITRE’s own release notes and roadmap, see ATT&CK resources — Updates.

ATT&CK release
19.2
Object version
1.1
Created
Modified
Raw hash
d9c650922faace63...
Imported snapshots across ATT&CK releases(2)
ReleaseBundle importedObject versionModifiedStatusRaw hash
19.21.1Current bundled9c650922faa…
19.11.1Older bundled9c650922faa…
Raw source

Mirrored ATT&CK source object

The raw object is retained through the mirrored ATT&CK source bundle and object hash. The raw endpoint returns the exact object from the mirrored bundle when available.

Source references

External references and citations

MITRE external references are preserved separately from Glexia analysis so citations remain traceable to their original source records.

  1. [1]
    Malwarebytes Kimsuky June 2021

    Jazi, H. (2021, June 1). Kimsuky APT continues to target South Korean government using AppleSeed backdoor. Retrieved June 10, 2021.

    Open source URL
  2. [2]
    mitre-attackS0622
    Open source URL
Source and licensing

Source: MITRE ATT&CK®. © 2026 The MITRE Corporation. This work is reproduced and distributed with the permission of The MITRE Corporation. MITRE ATT&CK and ATT&CK are registered trademarks of The MITRE Corporation. Glexia is not affiliated with or endorsed by MITRE.