S0373: Astaroth

S0373: Astaroth describes [Astaroth](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0373) is a Trojan and information stealer known to affect companies in Europe, Brazil, and throughout Latin America. It has been known publicly since at least late 2017. (Citation: Cybereason Astaroth Feb 2019)(Citation: Cofense Astaroth Sept 2018)(Citation: Securelist Brazilian Banking Malware July 2020)

Executive priority

S0373: Astaroth is an official MITRE ATT&CK software. Glexia treats it as defensive behavior context for prioritizing monitoring, control validation, and response planning without using the object by itself as an attribution claim.

Technical view

Security teams should validate S0373: Astaroth by reviewing the official ATT&CK relationships, mapped tactics (the mapped ATT&CK tactic context), supported platforms (Windows), and available local telemetry before making detection or mitigation decisions.

Likely telemetry

Official ATT&CK relationships and object metadata
Network, endpoint, and security-tool telemetry

Detection direction

Validate whether S0373: Astaroth appears in your detection coverage and tabletop scenarios.
Use the object to align executive risk language with SOC, incident response, and detection engineering work.
Do not treat ATT&CK relationship context as attribution without corroborating evidence.

Mitigation priorities

Map the object to existing controls and identify missing telemetry or response ownership.
Prioritize mitigations that reduce exposure on the listed platforms and tactics.
Review adjacent ATT&CK relationships before changing policy, detections, or reporting language.

Additional notes and limits

Baseline Glexia take generated from the official MITRE ATT&CK STIX object, source hash, tactics, platforms, and detection fields. It is safe to replace with a richer model-generated take for the same source hash later.

This baseline take is source-grounded and schema-validated, but it does not include environment-specific telemetry, incident evidence, or threat-intelligence corroboration.

Generated from the cited source records. This long-tail analysis has not been individually reviewed by a named human.

Official MITRE ATT&CK definition

Astaroth

Astaroth is a Trojan and information stealer known to affect companies in Europe, Brazil, and throughout Latin America. It has been known publicly since at least late 2017. [1][2][3]

View the same entry on attack.mitre.org (MITRE-hosted reference; in-page links above use the Glexia ATT&CK library.)

Glexia analysis

How security teams should use this page

Treat this object as behavior context, not an attribution claim. Validate the related groups, software, data sources, and mitigations against official ATT&CK relationships and your own telemetry before making control-coverage decisions.

ATT&CK relationship table

Techniques used

This mirrors the MITRE pattern of making group, software, campaign, and technique relationships scannable. Relationship notes come from mirrored ATT&CK relationship text when available.

Filter related techniques36 rows

Domain	ID	Name	Relationship / procedure
Enterprise	T1102.001	Dead Drop ResolverSub-technique	Astaroth can store C2 information on cloud hosting services such as AWS and CloudFlare and websites like YouTube and Facebook.[3]
Enterprise	T1124	System Time Discovery	Astaroth collects the timestamp from the infected machine. [2]
Enterprise	T1564.003	Hidden WindowSub-technique	Astaroth loads its module with the XSL script parameter `vShow` set to zero, which opens the application with a hidden window. [1]
Enterprise	T1027.013	Encrypted/Encoded FileSub-technique	Astaroth has used an XOR-based algorithm to encrypt payloads twice with different keys.[3]
Enterprise	T1115	Clipboard Data	Astaroth collects information from the clipboard by using the OpenClipboard() and GetClipboardData() libraries. [1]
Enterprise	T1082	System Information Discovery	Astaroth collects the machine name and keyboard language from the system. [2][1]
Enterprise	T1497.001	System ChecksSub-technique	Astaroth can check for Windows product ID's used by sandboxes and usernames and disk serial numbers associated with analyst environments.[3]
Enterprise	T1129	Shared Modules	Astaroth uses the LoadLibraryExW() function to load additional modules. [1]
Enterprise	T1059.005	Visual BasicSub-technique	Astaroth has used malicious VBS e-mail attachments for execution.[3]
Enterprise	T1057	Process Discovery	Astaroth searches for different processes on the system.[1]
Enterprise	T1204.002	Malicious FileSub-technique	Astaroth has used malicious files including VBS, LNK, and HTML for execution.[3]
Enterprise	T1140	Deobfuscate/Decode Files or Information	Astaroth uses a fromCharCode() deobfuscation method to avoid explicitly writing execution commands and to hide its code. [1][3]
Enterprise	T1132.001	Standard EncodingSub-technique	Astaroth encodes data using Base64 before sending it to the C2 server. [2]
Enterprise	T1027.002	Software PackingSub-technique	Astaroth uses a software packer called Pe123\RPolyCryptor.[1]
Enterprise	T1218.010	Regsvr32Sub-technique	Astaroth can be loaded through regsvr32.exe.[1]
Enterprise	T1518.001	Security Software DiscoverySub-technique	Astaroth checks for the presence of Avast antivirus in the `C:\Program\Files\` folder. [2]
Enterprise	T1566.001	Spearphishing AttachmentSub-technique	Astaroth has been delivered via malicious e-mail attachments.[3]
Enterprise	T1056.001	KeyloggingSub-technique	Astaroth logs keystrokes from the victim's machine. [2]
Enterprise	T1574.001	DLLSub-technique	Astaroth can launch itself via DLL Search Order Hijacking.[3]
Enterprise	T1059.007	JavaScriptSub-technique	Astaroth uses JavaScript to perform its core functionalities. [2][3]
Enterprise	T1041	Exfiltration Over C2 Channel	Astaroth exfiltrates collected information from its r1.log file to the external C2 server. [1]
Enterprise	T1220	XSL Script Processing	Astaroth executes embedded JScript or VBScript in an XSL stylesheet located on a remote domain. [1]
Enterprise	T1016	System Network Configuration Discovery	Astaroth collects the external IP address from the system. [2]
Enterprise	T1055.012	Process HollowingSub-technique	Astaroth can create a new process in a suspended state from a targeted legitimate process in order to unmap its memory and replace it with malicious code.[1][3]
Enterprise	T1547.009	Shortcut ModificationSub-technique	Astaroth's initial payload is a malicious .LNK file. [2][1]
Enterprise	T1047	Windows Management Instrumentation	Astaroth uses WMIC to execute payloads. [2]
Enterprise	T1555	Credentials from Password Stores	Astaroth uses an external software known as NetPass to recover passwords. [1]
Enterprise	T1105	Ingress Tool Transfer	Astaroth uses certutil and BITSAdmin to download additional malware. [2][1][3]
Enterprise	T1552	Unsecured Credentials	Astaroth uses an external software known as NetPass to recover passwords. [1]
Enterprise	T1027.010	Command ObfuscationSub-technique	Astaroth has obfuscated and randomized parts of the JScript code it is initiating.[1]
Enterprise	T1564.004	NTFS File AttributesSub-technique	Astaroth can abuse alternate data streams (ADS) to store content for malicious payloads.[3]
Enterprise	T1547.001	Registry Run Keys / Startup FolderSub-technique	Astaroth creates a startup item for persistence. [2]
Enterprise	T1218.001	Compiled HTML FileSub-technique	Astaroth uses ActiveX objects for file execution and manipulation. [2]
Enterprise	T1568.002	Domain Generation AlgorithmsSub-technique	Astaroth has used a DGA in C2 communications.[1]
Enterprise	T1059.003	Windows Command ShellSub-technique	Astaroth spawns a CMD process to execute commands. [1]
Enterprise	T1074.001	Local Data StagingSub-technique	Astaroth collects data in a plaintext file named r1.log before exfiltration. [2]

Relationship explorer

All related ATT&CK context

Change history

Object version and sync metadata

The fields below describe the current mirrored snapshot. When Glexia retains multiple ATT&CK source imports, you can open the table to compare the same object across releases (hashes and MITRE timestamps). For MITRE’s own release notes and roadmap, see ATT&CK resources — Updates.

ATT&CK release: 19.2
Object version: 2.3
Created: Apr 17, 2019, 13:46 UTC (UTC+00:00)
Modified: Sep 25, 2024, 15:03 UTC (UTC+00:00)
Raw hash: 71f65e9ba853f4d2...

Imported snapshots across ATT&CK releases(2)

Release	Bundle imported	Object version	Modified	Status	Raw hash
19.2	Aug 6, 2026, 02:58 UTC (UTC+00:00)	2.3	Sep 25, 2024, 15:03 UTC (UTC+00:00)	Current bundle	`71f65e9ba853…`
19.1	Jul 14, 2026, 09:14 UTC (UTC+00:00)	2.3	Sep 25, 2024, 15:03 UTC (UTC+00:00)	Older bundle	`71f65e9ba853…`

Raw source

Mirrored ATT&CK source object

The raw object is retained through the mirrored ATT&CK source bundle and object hash. The raw endpoint returns the exact object from the mirrored bundle when available.

Open mirrored raw JSON Open MITRE-hosted copy

Source references

External references and citations

MITRE external references are preserved separately from Glexia analysis so citations remain traceable to their original source records.

[1]
Cybereason Astaroth Feb 2019
Salem, E. (2019, February 13). ASTAROTH MALWARE USES LEGITIMATE OS AND ANTIVIRUS PROCESSES TO STEAL PASSWORDS AND PERSONAL DATA. Retrieved April 17, 2019.
Open source URL
[2]
Cofense Astaroth Sept 2018
Doaty, J., Garrett, P.. (2018, September 10). We’re Seeing a Resurgence of the Demonic Astaroth WMIC Trojan. Retrieved September 25, 2024.
Open source URL
[3]
Securelist Brazilian Banking Malware July 2020
GReAT. (2020, July 14). The Tetrade: Brazilian banking malware goes global. Retrieved November 9, 2020.
Open source URL
[4]
Guildma
(Citation: Securelist Brazilian Banking Malware July 2020)
[5]
mitre-attackS0373
Open source URL

Source and licensing

Source: MITRE ATT&CK®. © 2026 The MITRE Corporation. This work is reproduced and distributed with the permission of The MITRE Corporation. MITRE ATT&CK and ATT&CK are registered trademarks of The MITRE Corporation. Glexia is not affiliated with or endorsed by MITRE.

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