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MITRE ATT&CK® Malware

S0148: RTM

RTM is custom malware written in Delphi. It is used by the group of the same name (RTM). Newer versions of the malware have been reported publicly as Redaman.[1][2]

EnterpriseS0148MalwareObject v1.2Modified
Discuss defensive coverageBack to ATT&CK
Glexia's Take · Automated analysis

Security context for executives and security teams

Automation confidenceMedium

RTM is a Windows malware family written in Delphi and associated in ATT&CK with the RTM cybercriminal group. Its mapped behaviors matter because they combine credential and user-data collection, host discovery, persistence, command-and-control, and cleanup/stealth techniques. For leaders, the practical issue is not only whether a signature exists, but whether the organization can see and investigate Windows activity that looks like banking-trojan-style credential theft and persistence.

Executive priority

Prioritize RTM as a validation case for Windows endpoint resilience, identity risk, and incident response readiness. The ATT&CK relationships show behaviors that can affect credential exposure, fraud risk, and investigation quality: keylogging, screen and clipboard collection, scheduled task persistence, registry modification, web-based C2, ingress tool transfer, obfuscation, masquerading, and file/persistence cleanup. Executives should ask whether SOC coverage is behavior-based, whether evidence survives cleanup attempts, and whether high-risk financial or remote-banking users receive stronger monitoring and access controls.

Technical view

ATT&CK does not provide an official detection section for RTM, so coverage should be validated against the mapped techniques rather than a single malware name. On Windows, focus on suspicious scheduled task creation or modification, registry changes linked to persistence or defense evasion, command shell execution, user/system/process/file discovery, and collection behaviors such as keylogging, screen capture, clipboard access, and automated collection. Network teams should validate visibility into outbound web-protocol C2 patterns and use of legitimate web services as dead-drop resolvers. IR teams should also plan for obfuscated/compressed payloads, masqueraded task or service names, file deletion, and clearing of persistence artifacts.

Likely telemetry

  • Windows endpoint process creation and command-line events, especially cmd.exe and discovery command patterns
  • Windows Task Scheduler events and task XML/name/description changes
  • Windows Registry modification telemetry for persistence- and defense-evasion-relevant keys
  • File creation, deletion, compression/archive, and executable metadata telemetry on endpoints
  • Endpoint alerts or behavioral telemetry for keyboard, screen capture, clipboard, and automated collection activity

Detection direction

  • Because MITRE provides no official RTM detection text, build detections around technique clusters: persistence plus masquerading, discovery plus collection, and web C2 plus tool transfer.
  • Tune scheduled-task detections for suspicious task names, descriptions, paths, or timing, while accounting for legitimate administrative and software-update tasks.
  • Correlate registry modification, task creation, and command shell execution from the same host or user context to reduce false positives.
  • Look for discovery activity followed by credential or collection behavior, including keylogging, screen capture, clipboard access, or automated file collection.
  • Review network detections for outbound HTTP/S patterns that blend into normal traffic, including contacts to legitimate external services that may act as dead-drop resolvers.

Mitigation priorities

  • Confirm Windows endpoint logging and EDR coverage for task scheduling, registry modification, process creation, file deletion, and suspicious collection behavior.
  • Harden persistence surfaces by limiting who can create scheduled tasks or modify sensitive registry locations, and review administrative access regularly.
  • Reduce credential-theft impact with strong identity controls for high-risk users, especially users of remote banking or financial systems.
  • Apply egress monitoring and filtering appropriate to business requirements, with attention to unusual HTTP/S destinations and web-service-based resolver behavior.
  • Prepare IR playbooks to preserve volatile endpoint evidence quickly, because the mapped techniques include file deletion and clearing persistence artifacts.
Additional notes and limits

The supplied ATT&CK object identifies RTM as custom Delphi malware, newer versions publicly reported as Redaman, and links it to the RTM group. Relationship context maps RTM to multiple ATT&CK techniques across stealth, discovery, execution, persistence, credential access, collection, and command-and-control behaviors. The group description states interest in users of remote banking systems in Russia and neighboring countries; this should inform threat-intelligence context without being treated as proof of local exposure.

No official MITRE detection guidance is provided for this object, and the object itself lists Windows as the platform with no object-level tactics specified. Technique relationship descriptions include broader platform coverage, but this take treats RTM coverage as Windows-focused unless local intelligence supports otherwise. Local telemetry, asset criticality, user population, and incident evidence are required to determine actual risk or detection coverage.

Generated from the cited source records. This long-tail analysis has not been individually reviewed by a named human.

Official MITRE ATT&CK definition

RTM

RTM is custom malware written in Delphi. It is used by the group of the same name (RTM). Newer versions of the malware have been reported publicly as Redaman.[1][2]

View the same entry on attack.mitre.org (MITRE-hosted reference; in-page links above use the Glexia ATT&CK library.)

Glexia analysis

How security teams should use this page

Treat this object as behavior context, not an attribution claim. Validate the related groups, software, data sources, and mitigations against official ATT&CK relationships and your own telemetry before making control-coverage decisions.

ATT&CK relationship table

Techniques used

This mirrors the MITRE pattern of making group, software, campaign, and technique relationships scannable. Relationship notes come from mirrored ATT&CK relationship text when available.

38 rows
DomainIDNameRelationship / procedure
EnterpriseT1548.002Bypass User Account ControlSub-technique

RTM can attempt to run the program as admin, then show a fake error message and a legitimate UAC bypass prompt to the user in an attempt to socially engineer the user into escalating privileges.[1]

EnterpriseT1219Remote Access Tools

RTM has the capability to download a VNC module from command and control (C2).[1]

EnterpriseT1059.003Windows Command ShellSub-technique

RTM uses the command line and rundll32.exe to execute.[1]

EnterpriseT1115Clipboard Data

RTM collects data from the clipboard.[1][2]

EnterpriseT1056.001KeyloggingSub-technique

RTM can record keystrokes from both the keyboard and virtual keyboard.[1][2]

EnterpriseT1568Dynamic Resolution

RTM has resolved Pony C2 server IP addresses by either converting Bitcoin blockchain transaction data to specific octets, or accessing IP addresses directly within the Namecoin blockchain.[3][2]

EnterpriseT1566.001Spearphishing AttachmentSub-technique

RTM has been delivered via spearphishing attachments disguised as PDF documents.[2]

EnterpriseT1027.015CompressionSub-technique

RTM has been delivered to targets as various archive files including ZIP, 7-ZIP, and RAR.[1][2]

EnterpriseT1547.001Registry Run Keys / Startup FolderSub-technique

RTM tries to add a Registry Run key under the name "Windows Update" to establish persistence.[1]

EnterpriseT1120Peripheral Device Discovery

RTM can obtain a list of smart card readers attached to the victim.[1][2]

EnterpriseT1124System Time Discovery

RTM can obtain the victim time zone.[1]

EnterpriseT1559.002Dynamic Data ExchangeSub-technique

RTM can search for specific strings within browser tabs using a Dynamic Data Exchange mechanism.[1]

EnterpriseT1553.002Code SigningSub-technique

RTM samples have been signed with a code-signing certificates.[1]

EnterpriseT1497Virtualization/Sandbox Evasion

RTM can detect if it is running within a sandbox or other virtualized analysis environment.[2]

EnterpriseT1053.005Scheduled TaskSub-technique

RTM tries to add a scheduled task to establish persistence.[1][2]

EnterpriseT1036.004Masquerade Task or ServiceSub-technique

RTM has named the scheduled task it creates "Windows Update".[2]

EnterpriseT1573.001Symmetric CryptographySub-technique

RTM encrypts C2 traffic with a custom RC4 variant.[1]

EnterpriseT1112Modify Registry

RTM can delete all Registry entries created during its execution.[1]

EnterpriseT1102.001Dead Drop ResolverSub-technique

RTM has used an RSS feed on Livejournal to update a list of encrypted C2 server names. RTM has also hidden Pony C2 server IP addresses within transactions on the Bitcoin and Namecoin blockchain.[1][3][2]

EnterpriseT1106Native API

RTM can use the FindNextUrlCacheEntryA and FindFirstUrlCacheEntryA functions to search for specific strings within browser history.[1]

EnterpriseT1119Automated Collection

RTM monitors browsing activity and automatically captures screenshots if a victim browses to a URL matching one of a list of strings.[1][2]

EnterpriseT1033System Owner/User Discovery

RTM can obtain the victim username and permissions.[1]

EnterpriseT1553.004Install Root CertificateSub-technique

RTM can add a certificate to the Windows store.[1][2]

EnterpriseT1071.001Web ProtocolsSub-technique

RTM has initiated connections to external domains using HTTPS.[2]

EnterpriseT1218.011Rundll32Sub-technique

RTM runs its core DLL file using rundll32.exe.[1][2]

EnterpriseT1571Non-Standard Port

RTM used Port 44443 for its VNC module.[1]

EnterpriseT1082System Information Discovery

RTM can obtain the computer name, OS version, and default language identifier.[1]

EnterpriseT1105Ingress Tool Transfer

RTM can download additional files.[1][2]

EnterpriseT1083File and Directory Discovery

RTM can check for specific files and directories associated with virtualization and malware analysis.[2]

EnterpriseT1027Obfuscated Files or Information

RTM strings, network data, configuration, and modules are encrypted with a modified RC4 algorithm.[1][2]

EnterpriseT1518.001Security Software DiscoverySub-technique

RTM can obtain information about security software on the victim.[1]

EnterpriseT1204.002Malicious FileSub-technique

RTM has relied on users opening malicious email attachments, decompressing the attached archive, and double-clicking the executable within.[2]

EnterpriseT1057Process Discovery

RTM can obtain information about process integrity levels.[1]

EnterpriseT1518Software Discovery

RTM can scan victim drives to look for specific banking software on the machine to determine next actions.[1]

EnterpriseT1113Screen Capture

RTM can capture screenshots.[1][2]

EnterpriseT1070.009Clear PersistenceSub-technique

RTM has the ability to remove Registry entries that it created for persistence.[1]

EnterpriseT1036Masquerading

RTM has been delivered as archived Windows executable files masquerading as PDF documents.[2]

EnterpriseT1070.004File DeletionSub-technique

RTM can delete all files created during its execution.[1][2]

Associated objects

Groups, software, and campaigns

GroupEnterprise

G0048: RTM

RTM is a cybercriminal group that has been active since at least 2015 and is primarily interested in users of remote banking systems in Russia and neighboring countries. The group uses a Trojan by the same name (RTM). [1]

Relationship explorer

All related ATT&CK context

uses · TechniqueT1548.002: Bypass User Account ControlEnterpriseuses · TechniqueT1219: Remote Access ToolsEnterpriseuses · TechniqueT1059.003: Windows Command ShellEnterpriseuses · TechniqueT1115: Clipboard DataEnterpriseuses · TechniqueT1056.001: KeyloggingEnterpriseuses · TechniqueT1568: Dynamic ResolutionEnterpriseuses · TechniqueT1566.001: Spearphishing AttachmentEnterpriseuses · TechniqueT1027.015: CompressionEnterpriseuses · TechniqueT1547.001: Registry Run Keys / Startup FolderEnterpriseuses · TechniqueT1120: Peripheral Device DiscoveryEnterpriseuses · TechniqueT1124: System Time DiscoveryEnterpriseuses · TechniqueT1559.002: Dynamic Data ExchangeEnterpriseuses · TechniqueT1553.002: Code SigningEnterpriseuses · TechniqueT1497: Virtualization/Sandbox EvasionEnterpriseuses · TechniqueT1053.005: Scheduled TaskEnterpriseuses · TechniqueT1036.004: Masquerade Task or ServiceEnterpriseuses · TechniqueT1573.001: Symmetric CryptographyEnterpriseuses · TechniqueT1112: Modify RegistryEnterpriseuses · TechniqueT1102.001: Dead Drop ResolverEnterpriseuses · GroupG0048: RTMEnterpriseuses · TechniqueT1106: Native APIEnterpriseuses · TechniqueT1119: Automated CollectionEnterpriseuses · TechniqueT1033: System Owner/User DiscoveryEnterpriseuses · TechniqueT1553.004: Install Root CertificateEnterprise
Change history

Object version and sync metadata

The fields below describe the current mirrored snapshot. When Glexia retains multiple ATT&CK source imports, you can open the table to compare the same object across releases (hashes and MITRE timestamps). For MITRE’s own release notes and roadmap, see ATT&CK resources — Updates.

ATT&CK release
19.1
Object version
1.2
Created
Modified
Raw hash
cfbd4a3aa6386118...
Imported snapshots across ATT&CK releases(1)
ReleaseBundle importedObject versionModifiedStatusRaw hash
19.11.2Current bundlecfbd4a3aa638…
Raw source

Mirrored ATT&CK source object

The raw object is retained through the mirrored ATT&CK source bundle and object hash. The raw endpoint returns the exact object from the mirrored bundle when available.

Open mirrored raw JSONOpen MITRE-hosted copy
Source references

External references and citations

MITRE external references are preserved separately from Glexia analysis so citations remain traceable to their original source records.

  1. [1]
    ESET RTM Feb 2017

    Faou, M. and Boutin, J. (2017, February). Read The Manual: A Guide to the RTM Banking Trojan. Retrieved March 9, 2017.

    Open source URL
  2. [2]
    Unit42 Redaman January 2019

    Duncan, B., Harbison, M. (2019, January 23). Russian Language Malspam Pushing Redaman Banking Malware. Retrieved June 16, 2020.

    Open source URL
  3. [3]
    CheckPoint Redaman October 2019

    Eisenkraft, K., Olshtein, A. (2019, October 17). Pony’s C&C servers hidden inside the Bitcoin blockchain. Retrieved June 15, 2020.

    Open source URL
  4. [4]
    ESET RTM Feb 2017

    Faou, M. and Boutin, J. (2017, February). Read The Manual: A Guide to the RTM Banking Trojan. Retrieved March 9, 2017.

    Open source URL
  5. [5]
    ESET RTM Feb 2017

    Faou, M. and Boutin, J. (2017, February). Read The Manual: A Guide to the RTM Banking Trojan. Retrieved March 9, 2017.

    Open source URL
  6. [6]
    Redaman

    (Citation: Unit42 Redaman January 2019)

  7. [7]
    Redaman

    (Citation: Unit42 Redaman January 2019)

  8. [8]
    Redaman

    (Citation: Unit42 Redaman January 2019)

  9. [9]
    Unit42 Redaman January 2019

    Duncan, B., Harbison, M. (2019, January 23). Russian Language Malspam Pushing Redaman Banking Malware. Retrieved June 16, 2020.

    Open source URL
  10. [10]
    Unit42 Redaman January 2019

    Duncan, B., Harbison, M. (2019, January 23). Russian Language Malspam Pushing Redaman Banking Malware. Retrieved June 16, 2020.

    Open source URL
  11. [11]
    mitre-attackS0148
    Open source URL
  12. [12]
    mitre-attackS0148
    Open source URL
  13. [13]
    mitre-attackS0148
    Open source URL
  14. [14]
    ESET RTM Feb 2017

    Faou, M. and Boutin, J. (2017, February). Read The Manual: A Guide to the RTM Banking Trojan. Retrieved March 9, 2017.

    Open source URL
  15. [15]
    ESET RTM Feb 2017

    Faou, M. and Boutin, J. (2017, February). Read The Manual: A Guide to the RTM Banking Trojan. Retrieved March 9, 2017.

    Open source URL
  16. [16]
    ESET RTM Feb 2017

    Faou, M. and Boutin, J. (2017, February). Read The Manual: A Guide to the RTM Banking Trojan. Retrieved March 9, 2017.

    Open source URL
  17. [17]
    ESET RTM Feb 2017

    Faou, M. and Boutin, J. (2017, February). Read The Manual: A Guide to the RTM Banking Trojan. Retrieved March 9, 2017.

    Open source URL
  18. [18]
    ESET RTM Feb 2017

    Faou, M. and Boutin, J. (2017, February). Read The Manual: A Guide to the RTM Banking Trojan. Retrieved March 9, 2017.

    Open source URL
  19. [19]
    ESET RTM Feb 2017

    Faou, M. and Boutin, J. (2017, February). Read The Manual: A Guide to the RTM Banking Trojan. Retrieved March 9, 2017.

    Open source URL
  20. [20]
    ESET RTM Feb 2017

    Faou, M. and Boutin, J. (2017, February). Read The Manual: A Guide to the RTM Banking Trojan. Retrieved March 9, 2017.

    Open source URL
  21. [21]
    ESET RTM Feb 2017

    Faou, M. and Boutin, J. (2017, February). Read The Manual: A Guide to the RTM Banking Trojan. Retrieved March 9, 2017.

    Open source URL
  22. [22]
    Unit42 Redaman January 2019

    Duncan, B., Harbison, M. (2019, January 23). Russian Language Malspam Pushing Redaman Banking Malware. Retrieved June 16, 2020.

    Open source URL
  23. [23]
    Unit42 Redaman January 2019

    Duncan, B., Harbison, M. (2019, January 23). Russian Language Malspam Pushing Redaman Banking Malware. Retrieved June 16, 2020.

    Open source URL
  24. [24]
    ESET RTM Feb 2017

    Faou, M. and Boutin, J. (2017, February). Read The Manual: A Guide to the RTM Banking Trojan. Retrieved March 9, 2017.

    Open source URL
  25. [25]
    ESET RTM Feb 2017

    Faou, M. and Boutin, J. (2017, February). Read The Manual: A Guide to the RTM Banking Trojan. Retrieved March 9, 2017.

    Open source URL
  26. [26]
    Unit42 Redaman January 2019

    Duncan, B., Harbison, M. (2019, January 23). Russian Language Malspam Pushing Redaman Banking Malware. Retrieved June 16, 2020.

    Open source URL
  27. [27]
    Unit42 Redaman January 2019

    Duncan, B., Harbison, M. (2019, January 23). Russian Language Malspam Pushing Redaman Banking Malware. Retrieved June 16, 2020.

    Open source URL
  28. [28]
    CheckPoint Redaman October 2019

    Eisenkraft, K., Olshtein, A. (2019, October 17). Pony’s C&C servers hidden inside the Bitcoin blockchain. Retrieved June 15, 2020.

    Open source URL
  29. [29]
    Unit42 Redaman January 2019

    Duncan, B., Harbison, M. (2019, January 23). Russian Language Malspam Pushing Redaman Banking Malware. Retrieved June 16, 2020.

    Open source URL
  30. [30]
    Unit42 Redaman January 2019

    Duncan, B., Harbison, M. (2019, January 23). Russian Language Malspam Pushing Redaman Banking Malware. Retrieved June 16, 2020.

    Open source URL
  31. [31]
    Unit42 Redaman January 2019

    Duncan, B., Harbison, M. (2019, January 23). Russian Language Malspam Pushing Redaman Banking Malware. Retrieved June 16, 2020.

    Open source URL
  32. [32]
    Unit42 Redaman January 2019

    Duncan, B., Harbison, M. (2019, January 23). Russian Language Malspam Pushing Redaman Banking Malware. Retrieved June 16, 2020.

    Open source URL
  33. [33]
    ESET RTM Feb 2017

    Faou, M. and Boutin, J. (2017, February). Read The Manual: A Guide to the RTM Banking Trojan. Retrieved March 9, 2017.

    Open source URL
  34. [34]
    ESET RTM Feb 2017

    Faou, M. and Boutin, J. (2017, February). Read The Manual: A Guide to the RTM Banking Trojan. Retrieved March 9, 2017.

    Open source URL
  35. [35]
    Unit42 Redaman January 2019

    Duncan, B., Harbison, M. (2019, January 23). Russian Language Malspam Pushing Redaman Banking Malware. Retrieved June 16, 2020.

    Open source URL
  36. [36]
    Unit42 Redaman January 2019

    Duncan, B., Harbison, M. (2019, January 23). Russian Language Malspam Pushing Redaman Banking Malware. Retrieved June 16, 2020.

    Open source URL
  37. [37]
    ESET RTM Feb 2017

    Faou, M. and Boutin, J. (2017, February). Read The Manual: A Guide to the RTM Banking Trojan. Retrieved March 9, 2017.

    Open source URL
  38. [38]
    ESET RTM Feb 2017

    Faou, M. and Boutin, J. (2017, February). Read The Manual: A Guide to the RTM Banking Trojan. Retrieved March 9, 2017.

    Open source URL
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    ESET RTM Feb 2017

    Faou, M. and Boutin, J. (2017, February). Read The Manual: A Guide to the RTM Banking Trojan. Retrieved March 9, 2017.

    Open source URL
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    ESET RTM Feb 2017

    Faou, M. and Boutin, J. (2017, February). Read The Manual: A Guide to the RTM Banking Trojan. Retrieved March 9, 2017.

    Open source URL
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    Unit42 Redaman January 2019

    Duncan, B., Harbison, M. (2019, January 23). Russian Language Malspam Pushing Redaman Banking Malware. Retrieved June 16, 2020.

    Open source URL
  42. [42]
    Unit42 Redaman January 2019

    Duncan, B., Harbison, M. (2019, January 23). Russian Language Malspam Pushing Redaman Banking Malware. Retrieved June 16, 2020.

    Open source URL
  43. [43]
    ESET RTM Feb 2017

    Faou, M. and Boutin, J. (2017, February). Read The Manual: A Guide to the RTM Banking Trojan. Retrieved March 9, 2017.

    Open source URL
  44. [44]
    ESET RTM Feb 2017

    Faou, M. and Boutin, J. (2017, February). Read The Manual: A Guide to the RTM Banking Trojan. Retrieved March 9, 2017.

    Open source URL
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    ESET RTM Feb 2017

    Faou, M. and Boutin, J. (2017, February). Read The Manual: A Guide to the RTM Banking Trojan. Retrieved March 9, 2017.

    Open source URL
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    ESET RTM Feb 2017

    Faou, M. and Boutin, J. (2017, February). Read The Manual: A Guide to the RTM Banking Trojan. Retrieved March 9, 2017.

    Open source URL
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    ESET RTM Feb 2017

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    Open source URL
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    ESET RTM Feb 2017

    Faou, M. and Boutin, J. (2017, February). Read The Manual: A Guide to the RTM Banking Trojan. Retrieved March 9, 2017.

    Open source URL
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    Unit42 Redaman January 2019

    Duncan, B., Harbison, M. (2019, January 23). Russian Language Malspam Pushing Redaman Banking Malware. Retrieved June 16, 2020.

    Open source URL
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    Unit42 Redaman January 2019

    Duncan, B., Harbison, M. (2019, January 23). Russian Language Malspam Pushing Redaman Banking Malware. Retrieved June 16, 2020.

    Open source URL
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    ESET RTM Feb 2017

    Faou, M. and Boutin, J. (2017, February). Read The Manual: A Guide to the RTM Banking Trojan. Retrieved March 9, 2017.

    Open source URL
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    ESET RTM Feb 2017

    Faou, M. and Boutin, J. (2017, February). Read The Manual: A Guide to the RTM Banking Trojan. Retrieved March 9, 2017.

    Open source URL
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    Unit42 Redaman January 2019

    Duncan, B., Harbison, M. (2019, January 23). Russian Language Malspam Pushing Redaman Banking Malware. Retrieved June 16, 2020.

    Open source URL
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    Unit42 Redaman January 2019

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    Open source URL
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    Unit42 Redaman January 2019

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    Open source URL
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    Unit42 Redaman January 2019

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    Open source URL
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    Open source URL
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    Faou, M. and Boutin, J. (2017, February). Read The Manual: A Guide to the RTM Banking Trojan. Retrieved March 9, 2017.

    Open source URL
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    CheckPoint Redaman October 2019

    Eisenkraft, K., Olshtein, A. (2019, October 17). Pony’s C&C servers hidden inside the Bitcoin blockchain. Retrieved June 15, 2020.

    Open source URL
  62. [62]
    CheckPoint Redaman October 2019

    Eisenkraft, K., Olshtein, A. (2019, October 17). Pony’s C&C servers hidden inside the Bitcoin blockchain. Retrieved June 15, 2020.

    Open source URL
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    ESET RTM Feb 2017

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    Open source URL
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    Open source URL
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