High · CVSS 7.8
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
netem: Update sch->q.qlen before qdisc_tree_reduce_backlog()
qdisc_tree_reduce_backlog() notifies parent qdisc only if child
qdisc becomes empty, therefore we need to reduce the backlog of the
child qdisc before calling it. Otherwise it would miss the opportunity
to call cops->qlen_notify(), in the case of DRR, it resulted in UAF
since DRR uses ->qlen_notify() to maintain its active list.
Published Feb 18, 2025 · Updated Aug 5, 2026
High · CVSS 7.8
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
pfifo_tail_enqueue: Drop new packet when sch->limit == 0
Expected behaviour:
In case we reach scheduler's limit, pfifo_tail_enqueue() will drop a
packet in scheduler's queue and decrease scheduler's qlen by one.
Then, pfifo_tail_enqueue() enqueue new packet and increase
scheduler's qlen by one. Finally, pfifo_tail_enqueue() return
`NET_XMIT_CN` status code.
Weird behaviour:
In case we set `sch->limit == 0` and trigger pfifo_tail_enqueue() on a
scheduler that has no packet, the 'drop a packet' step will do nothing.
This means the scheduler's qlen still has value equal 0.
Then, we continue to enqueue new packet and increase scheduler's qlen by
one. In summary, we can leverage pfifo_tail_enqueue() to increase qlen by
one and return `NET_XMIT_CN` status code.
The problem is:
Let's say we have two qdiscs: Qdisc_A and Qdisc_B.
- Qdisc_A's type must have '->graft()' function to create parent/child relationship.
Let's say Qdisc_A's type is `hfsc`. Enqueue packet to this qdisc will trigger `hfsc_enqueue`.
- Qdisc_B's type is pfifo_head_drop. Enqueue packet to this qdisc will trigger `pfifo_tail_enqueue`.
- Qdisc_B is configured to have `sch->limit == 0`.
- Qdisc_A is configured to route the enqueued's packet to Qdisc_B.
Enqueue packet through Qdisc_A will lead to:
- hfsc_enqueue(Qdisc_A) -> pfifo_tail_enqueue(Qdisc_B)
- Qdisc_B->q.qlen += 1
- pfifo_tail_enqueue() return `NET_XMIT_CN`
- hfsc_enqueue() check for `NET_XMIT_SUCCESS` and see `NET_XMIT_CN` => hfsc_enqueue() don't increase qlen of Qdisc_A.
The whole process lead to a situation where Qdisc_A->q.qlen == 0 and Qdisc_B->q.qlen == 1.
Replace 'hfsc' with other type (for example: 'drr') still lead to the same problem.
This violate the design where parent's qlen should equal to the sum of its childrens'qlen.
Bug impact: This issue can be used for user->kernel privilege escalation when it is reachable.
Published Feb 18, 2025 · Updated Aug 5, 2026
High · CVSS 7.8
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
net: avoid race between device unregistration and ethnl ops
The following trace can be seen if a device is being unregistered while
its number of channels are being modified.
DEBUG_LOCKS_WARN_ON(lock->magic != lock)
WARNING: CPU: 3 PID: 3754 at kernel/locking/mutex.c:564 __mutex_lock+0xc8a/0x1120
CPU: 3 UID: 0 PID: 3754 Comm: ethtool Not tainted 6.13.0-rc6+ #771
RIP: 0010:__mutex_lock+0xc8a/0x1120
Call Trace:
<TASK>
ethtool_check_max_channel+0x1ea/0x880
ethnl_set_channels+0x3c3/0xb10
ethnl_default_set_doit+0x306/0x650
genl_family_rcv_msg_doit+0x1e3/0x2c0
genl_rcv_msg+0x432/0x6f0
netlink_rcv_skb+0x13d/0x3b0
genl_rcv+0x28/0x40
netlink_unicast+0x42e/0x720
netlink_sendmsg+0x765/0xc20
__sys_sendto+0x3ac/0x420
__x64_sys_sendto+0xe0/0x1c0
do_syscall_64+0x95/0x180
entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x76/0x7e
This is because unregister_netdevice_many_notify might run before the
rtnl lock section of ethnl operations, eg. set_channels in the above
example. In this example the rss lock would be destroyed by the device
unregistration path before being used again, but in general running
ethnl operations while dismantle has started is not a good idea.
Fix this by denying any operation on devices being unregistered. A check
was already there in ethnl_ops_begin, but not wide enough.
Note that the same issue cannot be seen on the ioctl version
(__dev_ethtool) because the device reference is retrieved from within
the rtnl lock section there. Once dismantle started, the net device is
unlisted and no reference will be found.
Published Feb 13, 2025 · Updated Aug 5, 2026
High · CVSS 7.8
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
net: sched: Disallow replacing of child qdisc from one parent to another
Lion Ackermann was able to create a UAF which can be abused for privilege
escalation with the following script
Step 1. create root qdisc
tc qdisc add dev lo root handle 1:0 drr
step2. a class for packet aggregation do demonstrate uaf
tc class add dev lo classid 1:1 drr
step3. a class for nesting
tc class add dev lo classid 1:2 drr
step4. a class to graft qdisc to
tc class add dev lo classid 1:3 drr
step5.
tc qdisc add dev lo parent 1:1 handle 2:0 plug limit 1024
step6.
tc qdisc add dev lo parent 1:2 handle 3:0 drr
step7.
tc class add dev lo classid 3:1 drr
step 8.
tc qdisc add dev lo parent 3:1 handle 4:0 pfifo
step 9. Display the class/qdisc layout
tc class ls dev lo
class drr 1:1 root leaf 2: quantum 64Kb
class drr 1:2 root leaf 3: quantum 64Kb
class drr 3:1 root leaf 4: quantum 64Kb
tc qdisc ls
qdisc drr 1: dev lo root refcnt 2
qdisc plug 2: dev lo parent 1:1
qdisc pfifo 4: dev lo parent 3:1 limit 1000p
qdisc drr 3: dev lo parent 1:2
step10. trigger the bug <=== prevented by this patch
tc qdisc replace dev lo parent 1:3 handle 4:0
step 11. Redisplay again the qdiscs/classes
tc class ls dev lo
class drr 1:1 root leaf 2: quantum 64Kb
class drr 1:2 root leaf 3: quantum 64Kb
class drr 1:3 root leaf 4: quantum 64Kb
class drr 3:1 root leaf 4: quantum 64Kb
tc qdisc ls
qdisc drr 1: dev lo root refcnt 2
qdisc plug 2: dev lo parent 1:1
qdisc pfifo 4: dev lo parent 3:1 refcnt 2 limit 1000p
qdisc drr 3: dev lo parent 1:2
Observe that a) parent for 4:0 does not change despite the replace request.
There can only be one parent. b) refcount has gone up by two for 4:0 and
c) both class 1:3 and 3:1 are pointing to it.
Step 12. send one packet to plug
echo "" | socat -u STDIN UDP4-DATAGRAM:127.0.0.1:8888,priority=$((0x10001))
step13. send one packet to the grafted fifo
echo "" | socat -u STDIN UDP4-DATAGRAM:127.0.0.1:8888,priority=$((0x10003))
step14. lets trigger the uaf
tc class delete dev lo classid 1:3
tc class delete dev lo classid 1:1
The semantics of "replace" is for a del/add _on the same node_ and not
a delete from one node(3:1) and add to another node (1:3) as in step10.
While we could "fix" with a more complex approach there could be
consequences to expectations so the patch takes the preventive approach of
"disallow such config".
Joint work with Lion Ackermann <nnamrec@gmail.com>
Published Feb 13, 2025 · Updated Aug 5, 2026
High · CVSS 7.8
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
gfs2: Truncate address space when flipping GFS2_DIF_JDATA flag
Truncate an inode's address space when flipping the GFS2_DIF_JDATA flag:
depending on that flag, the pages in the address space will either use
buffer heads or iomap_folio_state structs, and we cannot mix the two.
Published Feb 12, 2025 · Updated Aug 5, 2026
High · CVSS 7.8
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
drm/v3d: Ensure job pointer is set to NULL after job completion
After a job completes, the corresponding pointer in the device must
be set to NULL. Failing to do so triggers a warning when unloading
the driver, as it appears the job is still active. To prevent this,
assign the job pointer to NULL after completing the job, indicating
the job has finished.
Published Feb 12, 2025 · Updated Aug 5, 2026
High · CVSS 7.8
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
mm: zswap: properly synchronize freeing resources during CPU hotunplug
In zswap_compress() and zswap_decompress(), the per-CPU acomp_ctx of the
current CPU at the beginning of the operation is retrieved and used
throughout. However, since neither preemption nor migration are disabled,
it is possible that the operation continues on a different CPU.
If the original CPU is hotunplugged while the acomp_ctx is still in use,
we run into a UAF bug as some of the resources attached to the acomp_ctx
are freed during hotunplug in zswap_cpu_comp_dead() (i.e.
acomp_ctx.buffer, acomp_ctx.req, or acomp_ctx.acomp).
The problem was introduced in commit 1ec3b5fe6eec ("mm/zswap: move to use
crypto_acomp API for hardware acceleration") when the switch to the
crypto_acomp API was made. Prior to that, the per-CPU crypto_comp was
retrieved using get_cpu_ptr() which disables preemption and makes sure the
CPU cannot go away from under us. Preemption cannot be disabled with the
crypto_acomp API as a sleepable context is needed.
Use the acomp_ctx.mutex to synchronize CPU hotplug callbacks allocating
and freeing resources with compression/decompression paths. Make sure
that acomp_ctx.req is NULL when the resources are freed. In the
compression/decompression paths, check if acomp_ctx.req is NULL after
acquiring the mutex (meaning the CPU was offlined) and retry on the new
CPU.
The initialization of acomp_ctx.mutex is moved from the CPU hotplug
callback to the pool initialization where it belongs (where the mutex is
allocated). In addition to adding clarity, this makes sure that CPU
hotplug cannot reinitialize a mutex that is already locked by
compression/decompression.
Previously a fix was attempted by holding cpus_read_lock() [1]. This
would have caused a potential deadlock as it is possible for code already
holding the lock to fall into reclaim and enter zswap (causing a
deadlock). A fix was also attempted using SRCU for synchronization, but
Johannes pointed out that synchronize_srcu() cannot be used in CPU hotplug
notifiers [2].
Alternative fixes that were considered/attempted and could have worked:
- Refcounting the per-CPU acomp_ctx. This involves complexity in
handling the race between the refcount dropping to zero in
zswap_[de]compress() and the refcount being re-initialized when the
CPU is onlined.
- Disabling migration before getting the per-CPU acomp_ctx [3], but
that's discouraged and is a much bigger hammer than needed, and could
result in subtle performance issues.
[1]https://lkml.kernel.org/20241219212437.2714151-1-yosryahmed@google.com/
[2]https://lkml.kernel.org/20250107074724.1756696-2-yosryahmed@google.com/
[3]https://lkml.kernel.org/20250107222236.2715883-2-yosryahmed@google.com/
[yosryahmed@google.com: remove comment]
Published Feb 10, 2025 · Updated Aug 5, 2026
High · CVSS 7.8
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
net: sched: fix ets qdisc OOB Indexing
Haowei Yan <g1042620637@gmail.com> found that ets_class_from_arg() can
index an Out-Of-Bound class in ets_class_from_arg() when passed clid of
0. The overflow may cause local privilege escalation.
[ 18.852298] ------------[ cut here ]------------
[ 18.853271] UBSAN: array-index-out-of-bounds in net/sched/sch_ets.c:93:20
[ 18.853743] index 18446744073709551615 is out of range for type 'ets_class [16]'
[ 18.854254] CPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 1275 Comm: poc Not tainted 6.12.6-dirty #17
[ 18.854821] Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS 1.15.0-1 04/01/2014
[ 18.856532] Call Trace:
[ 18.857441] <TASK>
[ 18.858227] dump_stack_lvl+0xc2/0xf0
[ 18.859607] dump_stack+0x10/0x20
[ 18.860908] __ubsan_handle_out_of_bounds+0xa7/0xf0
[ 18.864022] ets_class_change+0x3d6/0x3f0
[ 18.864322] tc_ctl_tclass+0x251/0x910
[ 18.864587] ? lock_acquire+0x5e/0x140
[ 18.865113] ? __mutex_lock+0x9c/0xe70
[ 18.866009] ? __mutex_lock+0xa34/0xe70
[ 18.866401] rtnetlink_rcv_msg+0x170/0x6f0
[ 18.866806] ? __lock_acquire+0x578/0xc10
[ 18.867184] ? __pfx_rtnetlink_rcv_msg+0x10/0x10
[ 18.867503] netlink_rcv_skb+0x59/0x110
[ 18.867776] rtnetlink_rcv+0x15/0x30
[ 18.868159] netlink_unicast+0x1c3/0x2b0
[ 18.868440] netlink_sendmsg+0x239/0x4b0
[ 18.868721] ____sys_sendmsg+0x3e2/0x410
[ 18.869012] ___sys_sendmsg+0x88/0xe0
[ 18.869276] ? rseq_ip_fixup+0x198/0x260
[ 18.869563] ? rseq_update_cpu_node_id+0x10a/0x190
[ 18.869900] ? trace_hardirqs_off+0x5a/0xd0
[ 18.870196] ? syscall_exit_to_user_mode+0xcc/0x220
[ 18.870547] ? do_syscall_64+0x93/0x150
[ 18.870821] ? __memcg_slab_free_hook+0x69/0x290
[ 18.871157] __sys_sendmsg+0x69/0xd0
[ 18.871416] __x64_sys_sendmsg+0x1d/0x30
[ 18.871699] x64_sys_call+0x9e2/0x2670
[ 18.871979] do_syscall_64+0x87/0x150
[ 18.873280] ? do_syscall_64+0x93/0x150
[ 18.874742] ? lock_release+0x7b/0x160
[ 18.876157] ? do_user_addr_fault+0x5ce/0x8f0
[ 18.877833] ? irqentry_exit_to_user_mode+0xc2/0x210
[ 18.879608] ? irqentry_exit+0x77/0xb0
[ 18.879808] ? clear_bhb_loop+0x15/0x70
[ 18.880023] ? clear_bhb_loop+0x15/0x70
[ 18.880223] ? clear_bhb_loop+0x15/0x70
[ 18.880426] entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x76/0x7e
[ 18.880683] RIP: 0033:0x44a957
[ 18.880851] Code: ff ff e8 fc 00 00 00 66 2e 0f 1f 84 00 00 00 00 00 66 90 f3 0f 1e fa 64 8b 04 25 18 00 00 00 85 c0 75 10 b8 2e 00 00 00 0f 05 <48> 3d 00 f0 ff ff 77 51 c3 48 83 ec 28 89 54 24 1c 48 8974 24 10
[ 18.881766] RSP: 002b:00007ffcdd00fad8 EFLAGS: 00000246 ORIG_RAX: 000000000000002e
[ 18.882149] RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 00007ffcdd010db8 RCX: 000000000044a957
[ 18.882507] RDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: 00007ffcdd00fb70 RDI: 0000000000000003
[ 18.885037] RBP: 00007ffcdd010bc0 R08: 000000000703c770 R09: 000000000703c7c0
[ 18.887203] R10: 0000000000000080 R11: 0000000000000246 R12: 0000000000000001
[ 18.888026] R13: 00007ffcdd010da8 R14: 00000000004ca7d0 R15: 0000000000000001
[ 18.888395] </TASK>
[ 18.888610] ---[ end trace ]---
Published Feb 10, 2025 · Updated Aug 5, 2026
High · CVSS 7.8
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
vfio/platform: check the bounds of read/write syscalls
count and offset are passed from user space and not checked, only
offset is capped to 40 bits, which can be used to read/write out of
bounds of the device.
Published Feb 10, 2025 · Updated Aug 5, 2026
High · CVSS 7.3
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
eth: bnxt: always recalculate features after XDP clearing, fix null-deref
Recalculate features when XDP is detached.
Before:
# ip li set dev eth0 xdp obj xdp_dummy.bpf.o sec xdp
# ip li set dev eth0 xdp off
# ethtool -k eth0 | grep gro
rx-gro-hw: off [requested on]
After:
# ip li set dev eth0 xdp obj xdp_dummy.bpf.o sec xdp
# ip li set dev eth0 xdp off
# ethtool -k eth0 | grep gro
rx-gro-hw: on
The fact that HW-GRO doesn't get re-enabled automatically is just
a minor annoyance. The real issue is that the features will randomly
come back during another reconfiguration which just happens to invoke
netdev_update_features(). The driver doesn't handle reconfiguring
two things at a time very robustly.
Starting with commit 98ba1d931f61 ("bnxt_en: Fix RSS logic in
__bnxt_reserve_rings()") we only reconfigure the RSS hash table
if the "effective" number of Rx rings has changed. If HW-GRO is
enabled "effective" number of rings is 2x what user sees.
So if we are in the bad state, with HW-GRO re-enablement "pending"
after XDP off, and we lower the rings by / 2 - the HW-GRO rings
doing 2x and the ethtool -L doing / 2 may cancel each other out,
and the:
if (old_rx_rings != bp->hw_resc.resv_rx_rings &&
condition in __bnxt_reserve_rings() will be false.
The RSS map won't get updated, and we'll crash with:
BUG: kernel NULL pointer dereference, address: 0000000000000168
RIP: 0010:__bnxt_hwrm_vnic_set_rss+0x13a/0x1a0
bnxt_hwrm_vnic_rss_cfg_p5+0x47/0x180
__bnxt_setup_vnic_p5+0x58/0x110
bnxt_init_nic+0xb72/0xf50
__bnxt_open_nic+0x40d/0xab0
bnxt_open_nic+0x2b/0x60
ethtool_set_channels+0x18c/0x1d0
As we try to access a freed ring.
The issue is present since XDP support was added, really, but
prior to commit 98ba1d931f61 ("bnxt_en: Fix RSS logic in
__bnxt_reserve_rings()") it wasn't causing major issues.
Published Jan 31, 2025 · Updated Aug 5, 2026
High · CVSS 7.8
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
pktgen: Avoid out-of-bounds access in get_imix_entries
Passing a sufficient amount of imix entries leads to invalid access to the
pkt_dev->imix_entries array because of the incorrect boundary check.
UBSAN: array-index-out-of-bounds in net/core/pktgen.c:874:24
index 20 is out of range for type 'imix_pkt [20]'
CPU: 2 PID: 1210 Comm: bash Not tainted 6.10.0-rc1 #121
Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996)
Call Trace:
<TASK>
dump_stack_lvl lib/dump_stack.c:117
__ubsan_handle_out_of_bounds lib/ubsan.c:429
get_imix_entries net/core/pktgen.c:874
pktgen_if_write net/core/pktgen.c:1063
pde_write fs/proc/inode.c:334
proc_reg_write fs/proc/inode.c:346
vfs_write fs/read_write.c:593
ksys_write fs/read_write.c:644
do_syscall_64 arch/x86/entry/common.c:83
entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S:130
Found by Linux Verification Center (linuxtesting.org) with SVACE.
[ fp: allow to fill the array completely; minor changelog cleanup ]
Published Jan 31, 2025 · Updated Aug 5, 2026
High · CVSS 7.8
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
gtp: Destroy device along with udp socket's netns dismantle.
gtp_newlink() links the device to a list in dev_net(dev) instead of
src_net, where a udp tunnel socket is created.
Even when src_net is removed, the device stays alive on dev_net(dev).
Then, removing src_net triggers the splat below. [0]
In this example, gtp0 is created in ns2, and the udp socket is created
in ns1.
ip netns add ns1
ip netns add ns2
ip -n ns1 link add netns ns2 name gtp0 type gtp role sgsn
ip netns del ns1
Let's link the device to the socket's netns instead.
Now, gtp_net_exit_batch_rtnl() needs another netdev iteration to remove
all gtp devices in the netns.
[0]:
ref_tracker: net notrefcnt@000000003d6e7d05 has 1/2 users at
sk_alloc (./include/net/net_namespace.h:345 net/core/sock.c:2236)
inet_create (net/ipv4/af_inet.c:326 net/ipv4/af_inet.c:252)
__sock_create (net/socket.c:1558)
udp_sock_create4 (net/ipv4/udp_tunnel_core.c:18)
gtp_create_sock (./include/net/udp_tunnel.h:59 drivers/net/gtp.c:1423)
gtp_create_sockets (drivers/net/gtp.c:1447)
gtp_newlink (drivers/net/gtp.c:1507)
rtnl_newlink (net/core/rtnetlink.c:3786 net/core/rtnetlink.c:3897 net/core/rtnetlink.c:4012)
rtnetlink_rcv_msg (net/core/rtnetlink.c:6922)
netlink_rcv_skb (net/netlink/af_netlink.c:2542)
netlink_unicast (net/netlink/af_netlink.c:1321 net/netlink/af_netlink.c:1347)
netlink_sendmsg (net/netlink/af_netlink.c:1891)
____sys_sendmsg (net/socket.c:711 net/socket.c:726 net/socket.c:2583)
___sys_sendmsg (net/socket.c:2639)
__sys_sendmsg (net/socket.c:2669)
do_syscall_64 (arch/x86/entry/common.c:52 arch/x86/entry/common.c:83)
WARNING: CPU: 1 PID: 60 at lib/ref_tracker.c:179 ref_tracker_dir_exit (lib/ref_tracker.c:179)
Modules linked in:
CPU: 1 UID: 0 PID: 60 Comm: kworker/u16:2 Not tainted 6.13.0-rc5-00147-g4c1224501e9d #5
Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS rel-1.16.0-0-gd239552ce722-prebuilt.qemu.org 04/01/2014
Workqueue: netns cleanup_net
RIP: 0010:ref_tracker_dir_exit (lib/ref_tracker.c:179)
Code: 00 00 00 fc ff df 4d 8b 26 49 bd 00 01 00 00 00 00 ad de 4c 39 f5 0f 85 df 00 00 00 48 8b 74 24 08 48 89 df e8 a5 cc 12 02 90 <0f> 0b 90 48 8d 6b 44 be 04 00 00 00 48 89 ef e8 80 de 67 ff 48 89
RSP: 0018:ff11000009a07b60 EFLAGS: 00010286
RAX: 0000000000002bd3 RBX: ff1100000f4e1aa0 RCX: 1ffffffff0e40ac6
RDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: 0000000000000000 RDI: ffffffff8423ee3c
RBP: ff1100000f4e1af0 R08: 0000000000000001 R09: fffffbfff0e395ae
R10: 0000000000000001 R11: 0000000000036001 R12: ff1100000f4e1af0
R13: dead000000000100 R14: ff1100000f4e1af0 R15: dffffc0000000000
FS: 0000000000000000(0000) GS:ff1100006ce80000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000
CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033
CR2: 00007f9b2464bd98 CR3: 0000000005286005 CR4: 0000000000771ef0
DR0: 0000000000000000 DR1: 0000000000000000 DR2: 0000000000000000
DR3: 0000000000000000 DR6: 00000000fffe07f0 DR7: 0000000000000400
PKRU: 55555554
Call Trace:
<TASK>
? __warn (kernel/panic.c:748)
? ref_tracker_dir_exit (lib/ref_tracker.c:179)
? report_bug (lib/bug.c:201 lib/bug.c:219)
? handle_bug (arch/x86/kernel/traps.c:285)
? exc_invalid_op (arch/x86/kernel/traps.c:309 (discriminator 1))
? asm_exc_invalid_op (./arch/x86/include/asm/idtentry.h:621)
? _raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore (./arch/x86/include/asm/irqflags.h:42 ./arch/x86/include/asm/irqflags.h:97 ./arch/x86/include/asm/irqflags.h:155 ./include/linux/spinlock_api_smp.h:151 kernel/locking/spinlock.c:194)
? ref_tracker_dir_exit (lib/ref_tracker.c:179)
? __pfx_ref_tracker_dir_exit (lib/ref_tracker.c:158)
? kfree (mm/slub.c:4613 mm/slub.c:4761)
net_free (net/core/net_namespace.c:476 net/core/net_namespace.c:467)
cleanup_net (net/core/net_namespace.c:664 (discriminator 3))
process_one_work (kernel/workqueue.c:3229)
worker_thread (kernel/workqueue.c:3304 kernel/workqueue.c:3391
---truncated---
Published Jan 31, 2025 · Updated Aug 5, 2026
High · CVSS 7.8
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
pfcp: Destroy device along with udp socket's netns dismantle.
pfcp_newlink() links the device to a list in dev_net(dev) instead
of net, where a udp tunnel socket is created.
Even when net is removed, the device stays alive on dev_net(dev).
Then, removing net triggers the splat below. [0]
In this example, pfcp0 is created in ns2, but the udp socket is
created in ns1.
ip netns add ns1
ip netns add ns2
ip -n ns1 link add netns ns2 name pfcp0 type pfcp
ip netns del ns1
Let's link the device to the socket's netns instead.
Now, pfcp_net_exit() needs another netdev iteration to remove
all pfcp devices in the netns.
pfcp_dev_list is not used under RCU, so the list API is converted
to the non-RCU variant.
pfcp_net_exit() can be converted to .exit_batch_rtnl() in net-next.
[0]:
ref_tracker: net notrefcnt@00000000128b34dc has 1/1 users at
sk_alloc (./include/net/net_namespace.h:345 net/core/sock.c:2236)
inet_create (net/ipv4/af_inet.c:326 net/ipv4/af_inet.c:252)
__sock_create (net/socket.c:1558)
udp_sock_create4 (net/ipv4/udp_tunnel_core.c:18)
pfcp_create_sock (drivers/net/pfcp.c:168)
pfcp_newlink (drivers/net/pfcp.c:182 drivers/net/pfcp.c:197)
rtnl_newlink (net/core/rtnetlink.c:3786 net/core/rtnetlink.c:3897 net/core/rtnetlink.c:4012)
rtnetlink_rcv_msg (net/core/rtnetlink.c:6922)
netlink_rcv_skb (net/netlink/af_netlink.c:2542)
netlink_unicast (net/netlink/af_netlink.c:1321 net/netlink/af_netlink.c:1347)
netlink_sendmsg (net/netlink/af_netlink.c:1891)
____sys_sendmsg (net/socket.c:711 net/socket.c:726 net/socket.c:2583)
___sys_sendmsg (net/socket.c:2639)
__sys_sendmsg (net/socket.c:2669)
do_syscall_64 (arch/x86/entry/common.c:52 arch/x86/entry/common.c:83)
entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe (arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S:130)
WARNING: CPU: 1 PID: 11 at lib/ref_tracker.c:179 ref_tracker_dir_exit (lib/ref_tracker.c:179)
Modules linked in:
CPU: 1 UID: 0 PID: 11 Comm: kworker/u16:0 Not tainted 6.13.0-rc5-00147-g4c1224501e9d #5
Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS rel-1.16.0-0-gd239552ce722-prebuilt.qemu.org 04/01/2014
Workqueue: netns cleanup_net
RIP: 0010:ref_tracker_dir_exit (lib/ref_tracker.c:179)
Code: 00 00 00 fc ff df 4d 8b 26 49 bd 00 01 00 00 00 00 ad de 4c 39 f5 0f 85 df 00 00 00 48 8b 74 24 08 48 89 df e8 a5 cc 12 02 90 <0f> 0b 90 48 8d 6b 44 be 04 00 00 00 48 89 ef e8 80 de 67 ff 48 89
RSP: 0018:ff11000007f3fb60 EFLAGS: 00010286
RAX: 00000000000020ef RBX: ff1100000d6481e0 RCX: 1ffffffff0e40d82
RDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: 0000000000000000 RDI: ffffffff8423ee3c
RBP: ff1100000d648230 R08: 0000000000000001 R09: fffffbfff0e395af
R10: 0000000000000001 R11: 0000000000000000 R12: ff1100000d648230
R13: dead000000000100 R14: ff1100000d648230 R15: dffffc0000000000
FS: 0000000000000000(0000) GS:ff1100006ce80000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000
CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033
CR2: 00005620e1363990 CR3: 000000000eeb2002 CR4: 0000000000771ef0
DR0: 0000000000000000 DR1: 0000000000000000 DR2: 0000000000000000
DR3: 0000000000000000 DR6: 00000000fffe07f0 DR7: 0000000000000400
PKRU: 55555554
Call Trace:
<TASK>
? __warn (kernel/panic.c:748)
? ref_tracker_dir_exit (lib/ref_tracker.c:179)
? report_bug (lib/bug.c:201 lib/bug.c:219)
? handle_bug (arch/x86/kernel/traps.c:285)
? exc_invalid_op (arch/x86/kernel/traps.c:309 (discriminator 1))
? asm_exc_invalid_op (./arch/x86/include/asm/idtentry.h:621)
? _raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore (./arch/x86/include/asm/irqflags.h:42 ./arch/x86/include/asm/irqflags.h:97 ./arch/x86/include/asm/irqflags.h:155 ./include/linux/spinlock_api_smp.h:151 kernel/locking/spinlock.c:194)
? ref_tracker_dir_exit (lib/ref_tracker.c:179)
? __pfx_ref_tracker_dir_exit (lib/ref_tracker.c:158)
? kfree (mm/slub.c:4613 mm/slub.c:4761)
net_free (net/core/net_namespace.c:476 net/core/net_namespace.c:467)
cleanup_net (net/cor
---truncated---
Published Jan 31, 2025 · Updated Aug 5, 2026
High · CVSS 7.5
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
net: fec: handle page_pool_dev_alloc_pages error
The fec_enet_update_cbd function calls page_pool_dev_alloc_pages but did
not handle the case when it returned NULL. There was a WARN_ON(!new_page)
but it would still proceed to use the NULL pointer and then crash.
This case does seem somewhat rare but when the system is under memory
pressure it can happen. One case where I can duplicate this with some
frequency is when writing over a smbd share to a SATA HDD attached to an
imx6q.
Setting /proc/sys/vm/min_free_kbytes to higher values also seems to solve
the problem for my test case. But it still seems wrong that the fec driver
ignores the memory allocation error and can crash.
This commit handles the allocation error by dropping the current packet.
Published Jan 31, 2025 · Updated Aug 5, 2026
Critical · CVSS 9.8
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
smb: client: fix double free of TCP_Server_Info::hostname
When shutting down the server in cifs_put_tcp_session(), cifsd thread
might be reconnecting to multiple DFS targets before it realizes it
should exit the loop, so @server->hostname can't be freed as long as
cifsd thread isn't done. Otherwise the following can happen:
RIP: 0010:__slab_free+0x223/0x3c0
Code: 5e 41 5f c3 cc cc cc cc 4c 89 de 4c 89 cf 44 89 44 24 08 4c 89
1c 24 e8 fb cf 8e 00 44 8b 44 24 08 4c 8b 1c 24 e9 5f fe ff ff <0f>
0b 41 f7 45 08 00 0d 21 00 0f 85 2d ff ff ff e9 1f ff ff ff 80
RSP: 0018:ffffb26180dbfd08 EFLAGS: 00010246
RAX: ffff8ea34728e510 RBX: ffff8ea34728e500 RCX: 0000000000800068
RDX: 0000000000800068 RSI: 0000000000000000 RDI: ffff8ea340042400
RBP: ffffe112041ca380 R08: 0000000000000001 R09: 0000000000000000
R10: 6170732e31303000 R11: 70726f632e786563 R12: ffff8ea34728e500
R13: ffff8ea340042400 R14: ffff8ea34728e500 R15: 0000000000800068
FS: 0000000000000000(0000) GS:ffff8ea66fd80000(0000)
000000
CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033
CR2: 00007ffc25376080 CR3: 000000012a2ba001 CR4:
PKRU: 55555554
Call Trace:
<TASK>
? show_trace_log_lvl+0x1c4/0x2df
? show_trace_log_lvl+0x1c4/0x2df
? __reconnect_target_unlocked+0x3e/0x160 [cifs]
? __die_body.cold+0x8/0xd
? die+0x2b/0x50
? do_trap+0xce/0x120
? __slab_free+0x223/0x3c0
? do_error_trap+0x65/0x80
? __slab_free+0x223/0x3c0
? exc_invalid_op+0x4e/0x70
? __slab_free+0x223/0x3c0
? asm_exc_invalid_op+0x16/0x20
? __slab_free+0x223/0x3c0
? extract_hostname+0x5c/0xa0 [cifs]
? extract_hostname+0x5c/0xa0 [cifs]
? __kmalloc+0x4b/0x140
__reconnect_target_unlocked+0x3e/0x160 [cifs]
reconnect_dfs_server+0x145/0x430 [cifs]
cifs_handle_standard+0x1ad/0x1d0 [cifs]
cifs_demultiplex_thread+0x592/0x730 [cifs]
? __pfx_cifs_demultiplex_thread+0x10/0x10 [cifs]
kthread+0xdd/0x100
? __pfx_kthread+0x10/0x10
ret_from_fork+0x29/0x50
</TASK>
Published Jan 31, 2025 · Updated Aug 5, 2026
High · CVSS 7.8
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
vsock/virtio: discard packets if the transport changes
If the socket has been de-assigned or assigned to another transport,
we must discard any packets received because they are not expected
and would cause issues when we access vsk->transport.
A possible scenario is described by Hyunwoo Kim in the attached link,
where after a first connect() interrupted by a signal, and a second
connect() failed, we can find `vsk->transport` at NULL, leading to a
NULL pointer dereference.
Published Jan 31, 2025 · Updated Aug 5, 2026
High · CVSS 7.8
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
dm thin: make get_first_thin use rcu-safe list first function
The documentation in rculist.h explains the absence of list_empty_rcu()
and cautions programmers against relying on a list_empty() ->
list_first() sequence in RCU safe code. This is because each of these
functions performs its own READ_ONCE() of the list head. This can lead
to a situation where the list_empty() sees a valid list entry, but the
subsequent list_first() sees a different view of list head state after a
modification.
In the case of dm-thin, this author had a production box crash from a GP
fault in the process_deferred_bios path. This function saw a valid list
head in get_first_thin() but when it subsequently dereferenced that and
turned it into a thin_c, it got the inside of the struct pool, since the
list was now empty and referring to itself. The kernel on which this
occurred printed both a warning about a refcount_t being saturated, and
a UBSAN error for an out-of-bounds cpuid access in the queued spinlock,
prior to the fault itself. When the resulting kdump was examined, it
was possible to see another thread patiently waiting in thin_dtr's
synchronize_rcu.
The thin_dtr call managed to pull the thin_c out of the active thins
list (and have it be the last entry in the active_thins list) at just
the wrong moment which lead to this crash.
Fortunately, the fix here is straight forward. Switch get_first_thin()
function to use list_first_or_null_rcu() which performs just a single
READ_ONCE() and returns NULL if the list is already empty.
This was run against the devicemapper test suite's thin-provisioning
suites for delete and suspend and no regressions were observed.
Published Jan 21, 2025 · Updated Aug 5, 2026
Critical · CVSS 10
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
net: stmmac: dwmac-tegra: Read iommu stream id from device tree
Nvidia's Tegra MGBE controllers require the IOMMU "Stream ID" (SID) to be
written to the MGBE_WRAP_AXI_ASID0_CTRL register.
The current driver is hard coded to use MGBE0's SID for all controllers.
This causes softirq time outs and kernel panics when using controllers
other than MGBE0.
Example dmesg errors when an ethernet cable is connected to MGBE1:
[ 116.133290] tegra-mgbe 6910000.ethernet eth1: Link is Up - 1Gbps/Full - flow control rx/tx
[ 121.851283] tegra-mgbe 6910000.ethernet eth1: NETDEV WATCHDOG: CPU: 5: transmit queue 0 timed out 5690 ms
[ 121.851782] tegra-mgbe 6910000.ethernet eth1: Reset adapter.
[ 121.892464] tegra-mgbe 6910000.ethernet eth1: Register MEM_TYPE_PAGE_POOL RxQ-0
[ 121.905920] tegra-mgbe 6910000.ethernet eth1: PHY [stmmac-1:00] driver [Aquantia AQR113] (irq=171)
[ 121.907356] tegra-mgbe 6910000.ethernet eth1: Enabling Safety Features
[ 121.907578] tegra-mgbe 6910000.ethernet eth1: IEEE 1588-2008 Advanced Timestamp supported
[ 121.908399] tegra-mgbe 6910000.ethernet eth1: registered PTP clock
[ 121.908582] tegra-mgbe 6910000.ethernet eth1: configuring for phy/10gbase-r link mode
[ 125.961292] tegra-mgbe 6910000.ethernet eth1: Link is Up - 1Gbps/Full - flow control rx/tx
[ 181.921198] rcu: INFO: rcu_preempt detected stalls on CPUs/tasks:
[ 181.921404] rcu: 7-....: (1 GPs behind) idle=540c/1/0x4000000000000002 softirq=1748/1749 fqs=2337
[ 181.921684] rcu: (detected by 4, t=6002 jiffies, g=1357, q=1254 ncpus=8)
[ 181.921878] Sending NMI from CPU 4 to CPUs 7:
[ 181.921886] NMI backtrace for cpu 7
[ 181.922131] CPU: 7 UID: 0 PID: 0 Comm: swapper/7 Kdump: loaded Not tainted 6.13.0-rc3+ #6
[ 181.922390] Hardware name: NVIDIA CTI Forge + Orin AGX/Jetson, BIOS 202402.1-Unknown 10/28/2024
[ 181.922658] pstate: 40400009 (nZcv daif +PAN -UAO -TCO -DIT -SSBS BTYPE=--)
[ 181.922847] pc : handle_softirqs+0x98/0x368
[ 181.922978] lr : __do_softirq+0x18/0x20
[ 181.923095] sp : ffff80008003bf50
[ 181.923189] x29: ffff80008003bf50 x28: 0000000000000008 x27: 0000000000000000
[ 181.923379] x26: ffffce78ea277000 x25: 0000000000000000 x24: 0000001c61befda0
[ 181.924486] x23: 0000000060400009 x22: ffffce78e99918bc x21: ffff80008018bd70
[ 181.925568] x20: ffffce78e8bb00d8 x19: ffff80008018bc20 x18: 0000000000000000
[ 181.926655] x17: ffff318ebe7d3000 x16: ffff800080038000 x15: 0000000000000000
[ 181.931455] x14: ffff000080816680 x13: ffff318ebe7d3000 x12: 000000003464d91d
[ 181.938628] x11: 0000000000000040 x10: ffff000080165a70 x9 : ffffce78e8bb0160
[ 181.945804] x8 : ffff8000827b3160 x7 : f9157b241586f343 x6 : eeb6502a01c81c74
[ 181.953068] x5 : a4acfcdd2e8096bb x4 : ffffce78ea277340 x3 : 00000000ffffd1e1
[ 181.960329] x2 : 0000000000000101 x1 : ffffce78ea277340 x0 : ffff318ebe7d3000
[ 181.967591] Call trace:
[ 181.970043] handle_softirqs+0x98/0x368 (P)
[ 181.974240] __do_softirq+0x18/0x20
[ 181.977743] ____do_softirq+0x14/0x28
[ 181.981415] call_on_irq_stack+0x24/0x30
[ 181.985180] do_softirq_own_stack+0x20/0x30
[ 181.989379] __irq_exit_rcu+0x114/0x140
[ 181.993142] irq_exit_rcu+0x14/0x28
[ 181.996816] el1_interrupt+0x44/0xb8
[ 182.000316] el1h_64_irq_handler+0x14/0x20
[ 182.004343] el1h_64_irq+0x80/0x88
[ 182.007755] cpuidle_enter_state+0xc4/0x4a8 (P)
[ 182.012305] cpuidle_enter+0x3c/0x58
[ 182.015980] cpuidle_idle_call+0x128/0x1c0
[ 182.020005] do_idle+0xe0/0xf0
[ 182.023155] cpu_startup_entry+0x3c/0x48
[ 182.026917] secondary_start_kernel+0xdc/0x120
[ 182.031379] __secondary_switched+0x74/0x78
[ 212.971162] rcu: INFO: rcu_preempt detected expedited stalls on CPUs/tasks: { 7-.... } 6103 jiffies s: 417 root: 0x80/.
[ 212.985935] rcu: blocking rcu_node structures (internal RCU debug):
[ 212.992758] Sending NMI from CPU 0 to CPUs 7:
[ 212.998539] NMI backtrace for cpu 7
[ 213.004304] CPU: 7 UID: 0 PI
---truncated---
Published Jan 21, 2025 · Updated Aug 5, 2026
High · CVSS 7.8
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
gpio: virtuser: fix missing lookup table cleanups
When a virtuser device is created via configfs and the probe fails due
to an incorrect lookup table, the table is not removed. This prevents
subsequent probe attempts from succeeding, even if the issue is
corrected, unless the device is released. Additionally, cleanup is also
needed in the less likely case of platform_device_register_full()
failure.
Besides, a consistent memory leak in lookup_table->dev_id was spotted
using kmemleak by toggling the live state between 0 and 1 with a correct
lookup table.
Introduce gpio_virtuser_remove_lookup_table() as the counterpart to the
existing gpio_virtuser_make_lookup_table() and call it from all
necessary points to ensure proper cleanup.
Published Jan 21, 2025 · Updated Aug 5, 2026
High · CVSS 8.1
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
netdev: prevent accessing NAPI instances from another namespace
The NAPI IDs were not fully exposed to user space prior to the netlink
API, so they were never namespaced. The netlink API must ensure that
at the very least NAPI instance belongs to the same netns as the owner
of the genl sock.
napi_by_id() can become static now, but it needs to move because of
dev_get_by_napi_id().
Published Jan 21, 2025 · Updated Aug 5, 2026
High · CVSS 7.8
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
io_uring/eventfd: ensure io_eventfd_signal() defers another RCU period
io_eventfd_do_signal() is invoked from an RCU callback, but when
dropping the reference to the io_ev_fd, it calls io_eventfd_free()
directly if the refcount drops to zero. This isn't correct, as any
potential freeing of the io_ev_fd should be deferred another RCU grace
period.
Just call io_eventfd_put() rather than open-code the dec-and-test and
free, which will correctly defer it another RCU grace period.
Published Jan 20, 2025 · Updated Aug 5, 2026
High · CVSS 7.8
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
ipvlan: Fix use-after-free in ipvlan_get_iflink().
syzbot presented an use-after-free report [0] regarding ipvlan and
linkwatch.
ipvlan does not hold a refcnt of the lower device unlike vlan and
macvlan.
If the linkwatch work is triggered for the ipvlan dev, the lower dev
might have already been freed, resulting in UAF of ipvlan->phy_dev in
ipvlan_get_iflink().
We can delay the lower dev unregistration like vlan and macvlan by
holding the lower dev's refcnt in dev->netdev_ops->ndo_init() and
releasing it in dev->priv_destructor().
Jakub pointed out calling .ndo_XXX after unregister_netdevice() has
returned is error prone and suggested [1] addressing this UAF in the
core by taking commit 750e51603395 ("net: avoid potential UAF in
default_operstate()") further.
Let's assume unregistering devices DOWN and use RCU protection in
default_operstate() not to race with the device unregistration.
[0]:
BUG: KASAN: slab-use-after-free in ipvlan_get_iflink+0x84/0x88 drivers/net/ipvlan/ipvlan_main.c:353
Read of size 4 at addr ffff0000d768c0e0 by task kworker/u8:35/6944
CPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 6944 Comm: kworker/u8:35 Not tainted 6.13.0-rc2-g9bc5c9515b48 #12 4c3cb9e8b4565456f6a355f312ff91f4f29b3c47
Hardware name: linux,dummy-virt (DT)
Workqueue: events_unbound linkwatch_event
Call trace:
show_stack+0x38/0x50 arch/arm64/kernel/stacktrace.c:484 (C)
__dump_stack lib/dump_stack.c:94 [inline]
dump_stack_lvl+0xbc/0x108 lib/dump_stack.c:120
print_address_description mm/kasan/report.c:378 [inline]
print_report+0x16c/0x6f0 mm/kasan/report.c:489
kasan_report+0xc0/0x120 mm/kasan/report.c:602
__asan_report_load4_noabort+0x20/0x30 mm/kasan/report_generic.c:380
ipvlan_get_iflink+0x84/0x88 drivers/net/ipvlan/ipvlan_main.c:353
dev_get_iflink+0x7c/0xd8 net/core/dev.c:674
default_operstate net/core/link_watch.c:45 [inline]
rfc2863_policy+0x144/0x360 net/core/link_watch.c:72
linkwatch_do_dev+0x60/0x228 net/core/link_watch.c:175
__linkwatch_run_queue+0x2f4/0x5b8 net/core/link_watch.c:239
linkwatch_event+0x64/0xa8 net/core/link_watch.c:282
process_one_work+0x700/0x1398 kernel/workqueue.c:3229
process_scheduled_works kernel/workqueue.c:3310 [inline]
worker_thread+0x8c4/0xe10 kernel/workqueue.c:3391
kthread+0x2b0/0x360 kernel/kthread.c:389
ret_from_fork+0x10/0x20 arch/arm64/kernel/entry.S:862
Allocated by task 9303:
kasan_save_stack mm/kasan/common.c:47 [inline]
kasan_save_track+0x30/0x68 mm/kasan/common.c:68
kasan_save_alloc_info+0x44/0x58 mm/kasan/generic.c:568
poison_kmalloc_redzone mm/kasan/common.c:377 [inline]
__kasan_kmalloc+0x84/0xa0 mm/kasan/common.c:394
kasan_kmalloc include/linux/kasan.h:260 [inline]
__do_kmalloc_node mm/slub.c:4283 [inline]
__kmalloc_node_noprof+0x2a0/0x560 mm/slub.c:4289
__kvmalloc_node_noprof+0x9c/0x230 mm/util.c:650
alloc_netdev_mqs+0xb4/0x1118 net/core/dev.c:11209
rtnl_create_link+0x2b8/0xb60 net/core/rtnetlink.c:3595
rtnl_newlink_create+0x19c/0x868 net/core/rtnetlink.c:3771
__rtnl_newlink net/core/rtnetlink.c:3896 [inline]
rtnl_newlink+0x122c/0x15c0 net/core/rtnetlink.c:4011
rtnetlink_rcv_msg+0x61c/0x918 net/core/rtnetlink.c:6901
netlink_rcv_skb+0x1dc/0x398 net/netlink/af_netlink.c:2542
rtnetlink_rcv+0x34/0x50 net/core/rtnetlink.c:6928
netlink_unicast_kernel net/netlink/af_netlink.c:1321 [inline]
netlink_unicast+0x618/0x838 net/netlink/af_netlink.c:1347
netlink_sendmsg+0x5fc/0x8b0 net/netlink/af_netlink.c:1891
sock_sendmsg_nosec net/socket.c:711 [inline]
__sock_sendmsg net/socket.c:726 [inline]
__sys_sendto+0x2ec/0x438 net/socket.c:2197
__do_sys_sendto net/socket.c:2204 [inline]
__se_sys_sendto net/socket.c:2200 [inline]
__arm64_sys_sendto+0xe4/0x110 net/socket.c:2200
__invoke_syscall arch/arm64/kernel/syscall.c:35 [inline]
invoke_syscall+0x90/0x278 arch/arm64/kernel/syscall.c:49
el0_svc_common+0x13c/0x250 arch/arm64/kernel/syscall.c:132
do_el0_svc+0x54/0x70 arch/arm64/kernel/syscall.c:151
el
---truncated---
Published Jan 19, 2025 · Updated Aug 5, 2026
High · CVSS 7.8
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
net: hns3: fixed hclge_fetch_pf_reg accesses bar space out of bounds issue
The TQP BAR space is divided into two segments. TQPs 0-1023 and TQPs
1024-1279 are in different BAR space addresses. However,
hclge_fetch_pf_reg does not distinguish the tqp space information when
reading the tqp space information. When the number of TQPs is greater
than 1024, access bar space overwriting occurs.
The problem of different segments has been considered during the
initialization of tqp.io_base. Therefore, tqp.io_base is directly used
when the queue is read in hclge_fetch_pf_reg.
The error message:
Unable to handle kernel paging request at virtual address ffff800037200000
pc : hclge_fetch_pf_reg+0x138/0x250 [hclge]
lr : hclge_get_regs+0x84/0x1d0 [hclge]
Call trace:
hclge_fetch_pf_reg+0x138/0x250 [hclge]
hclge_get_regs+0x84/0x1d0 [hclge]
hns3_get_regs+0x2c/0x50 [hns3]
ethtool_get_regs+0xf4/0x270
dev_ethtool+0x674/0x8a0
dev_ioctl+0x270/0x36c
sock_do_ioctl+0x110/0x2a0
sock_ioctl+0x2ac/0x530
__arm64_sys_ioctl+0xa8/0x100
invoke_syscall+0x4c/0x124
el0_svc_common.constprop.0+0x140/0x15c
do_el0_svc+0x30/0xd0
el0_svc+0x1c/0x2c
el0_sync_handler+0xb0/0xb4
el0_sync+0x168/0x180
Published Jan 19, 2025 · Updated Aug 5, 2026
High · CVSS 7.3
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
sched: sch_cake: add bounds checks to host bulk flow fairness counts
Even though we fixed a logic error in the commit cited below, syzbot
still managed to trigger an underflow of the per-host bulk flow
counters, leading to an out of bounds memory access.
To avoid any such logic errors causing out of bounds memory accesses,
this commit factors out all accesses to the per-host bulk flow counters
to a series of helpers that perform bounds-checking before any
increments and decrements. This also has the benefit of improving
readability by moving the conditional checks for the flow mode into
these helpers, instead of having them spread out throughout the
code (which was the cause of the original logic error).
As part of this change, the flow quantum calculation is consolidated
into a helper function, which means that the dithering applied to the
ost load scaling is now applied both in the DRR rotation and when a
sparse flow's quantum is first initiated. The only user-visible effect
of this is that the maximum packet size that can be sent while a flow
stays sparse will now vary with +/- one byte in some cases. This should
not make a noticeable difference in practice, and thus it's not worth
complicating the code to preserve the old behaviour.
Published Jan 19, 2025 · Updated Aug 5, 2026
High · CVSS 7.5
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
afs: Fix the maximum cell name length
The kafs filesystem limits the maximum length of a cell to 256 bytes, but a
problem occurs if someone actually does that: kafs tries to create a
directory under /proc/net/afs/ with the name of the cell, but that fails
with a warning:
WARNING: CPU: 0 PID: 9 at fs/proc/generic.c:405
because procfs limits the maximum filename length to 255.
However, the DNS limits the maximum lookup length and, by extension, the
maximum cell name, to 255 less two (length count and trailing NUL).
Fix this by limiting the maximum acceptable cellname length to 253. This
also allows us to be sure we can create the "/afs/.<cell>/" mountpoint too.
Further, split the YFS VL record cell name maximum to be the 256 allowed by
the protocol and ignore the record retrieved by YFSVL.GetCellName if it
exceeds 253.
Published Jan 19, 2025 · Updated Aug 5, 2026
High · CVSS 7.1
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
sctp: sysctl: cookie_hmac_alg: avoid using current->nsproxy
As mentioned in a previous commit of this series, using the 'net'
structure via 'current' is not recommended for different reasons:
- Inconsistency: getting info from the reader's/writer's netns vs only
from the opener's netns.
- current->nsproxy can be NULL in some cases, resulting in an 'Oops'
(null-ptr-deref), e.g. when the current task is exiting, as spotted by
syzbot [1] using acct(2).
The 'net' structure can be obtained from the table->data using
container_of().
Note that table->data could also be used directly, as this is the only
member needed from the 'net' structure, but that would increase the size
of this fix, to use '*data' everywhere 'net->sctp.sctp_hmac_alg' is
used.
Published Jan 19, 2025 · Updated Aug 5, 2026
High · CVSS 7.1
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
sctp: sysctl: auth_enable: avoid using current->nsproxy
As mentioned in a previous commit of this series, using the 'net'
structure via 'current' is not recommended for different reasons:
- Inconsistency: getting info from the reader's/writer's netns vs only
from the opener's netns.
- current->nsproxy can be NULL in some cases, resulting in an 'Oops'
(null-ptr-deref), e.g. when the current task is exiting, as spotted by
syzbot [1] using acct(2).
The 'net' structure can be obtained from the table->data using
container_of().
Note that table->data could also be used directly, but that would
increase the size of this fix, while 'sctp.ctl_sock' still needs to be
retrieved from 'net' structure.
Published Jan 19, 2025 · Updated Aug 5, 2026
High · CVSS 7.1
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
sctp: sysctl: udp_port: avoid using current->nsproxy
As mentioned in a previous commit of this series, using the 'net'
structure via 'current' is not recommended for different reasons:
- Inconsistency: getting info from the reader's/writer's netns vs only
from the opener's netns.
- current->nsproxy can be NULL in some cases, resulting in an 'Oops'
(null-ptr-deref), e.g. when the current task is exiting, as spotted by
syzbot [1] using acct(2).
The 'net' structure can be obtained from the table->data using
container_of().
Note that table->data could also be used directly, but that would
increase the size of this fix, while 'sctp.ctl_sock' still needs to be
retrieved from 'net' structure.
Published Jan 19, 2025 · Updated Aug 5, 2026
High · CVSS 7.8
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
block, bfq: fix waker_bfqq UAF after bfq_split_bfqq()
Our syzkaller report a following UAF for v6.6:
BUG: KASAN: slab-use-after-free in bfq_init_rq+0x175d/0x17a0 block/bfq-iosched.c:6958
Read of size 8 at addr ffff8881b57147d8 by task fsstress/232726
CPU: 2 PID: 232726 Comm: fsstress Not tainted 6.6.0-g3629d1885222 #39
Call Trace:
<TASK>
__dump_stack lib/dump_stack.c:88 [inline]
dump_stack_lvl+0x91/0xf0 lib/dump_stack.c:106
print_address_description.constprop.0+0x66/0x300 mm/kasan/report.c:364
print_report+0x3e/0x70 mm/kasan/report.c:475
kasan_report+0xb8/0xf0 mm/kasan/report.c:588
hlist_add_head include/linux/list.h:1023 [inline]
bfq_init_rq+0x175d/0x17a0 block/bfq-iosched.c:6958
bfq_insert_request.isra.0+0xe8/0xa20 block/bfq-iosched.c:6271
bfq_insert_requests+0x27f/0x390 block/bfq-iosched.c:6323
blk_mq_insert_request+0x290/0x8f0 block/blk-mq.c:2660
blk_mq_submit_bio+0x1021/0x15e0 block/blk-mq.c:3143
__submit_bio+0xa0/0x6b0 block/blk-core.c:639
__submit_bio_noacct_mq block/blk-core.c:718 [inline]
submit_bio_noacct_nocheck+0x5b7/0x810 block/blk-core.c:747
submit_bio_noacct+0xca0/0x1990 block/blk-core.c:847
__ext4_read_bh fs/ext4/super.c:205 [inline]
ext4_read_bh+0x15e/0x2e0 fs/ext4/super.c:230
__read_extent_tree_block+0x304/0x6f0 fs/ext4/extents.c:567
ext4_find_extent+0x479/0xd20 fs/ext4/extents.c:947
ext4_ext_map_blocks+0x1a3/0x2680 fs/ext4/extents.c:4182
ext4_map_blocks+0x929/0x15a0 fs/ext4/inode.c:660
ext4_iomap_begin_report+0x298/0x480 fs/ext4/inode.c:3569
iomap_iter+0x3dd/0x1010 fs/iomap/iter.c:91
iomap_fiemap+0x1f4/0x360 fs/iomap/fiemap.c:80
ext4_fiemap+0x181/0x210 fs/ext4/extents.c:5051
ioctl_fiemap.isra.0+0x1b4/0x290 fs/ioctl.c:220
do_vfs_ioctl+0x31c/0x11a0 fs/ioctl.c:811
__do_sys_ioctl fs/ioctl.c:869 [inline]
__se_sys_ioctl+0xae/0x190 fs/ioctl.c:857
do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/common.c:51 [inline]
do_syscall_64+0x70/0x120 arch/x86/entry/common.c:81
entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x78/0xe2
Allocated by task 232719:
kasan_save_stack+0x22/0x50 mm/kasan/common.c:45
kasan_set_track+0x25/0x30 mm/kasan/common.c:52
__kasan_slab_alloc+0x87/0x90 mm/kasan/common.c:328
kasan_slab_alloc include/linux/kasan.h:188 [inline]
slab_post_alloc_hook mm/slab.h:768 [inline]
slab_alloc_node mm/slub.c:3492 [inline]
kmem_cache_alloc_node+0x1b8/0x6f0 mm/slub.c:3537
bfq_get_queue+0x215/0x1f00 block/bfq-iosched.c:5869
bfq_get_bfqq_handle_split+0x167/0x5f0 block/bfq-iosched.c:6776
bfq_init_rq+0x13a4/0x17a0 block/bfq-iosched.c:6938
bfq_insert_request.isra.0+0xe8/0xa20 block/bfq-iosched.c:6271
bfq_insert_requests+0x27f/0x390 block/bfq-iosched.c:6323
blk_mq_insert_request+0x290/0x8f0 block/blk-mq.c:2660
blk_mq_submit_bio+0x1021/0x15e0 block/blk-mq.c:3143
__submit_bio+0xa0/0x6b0 block/blk-core.c:639
__submit_bio_noacct_mq block/blk-core.c:718 [inline]
submit_bio_noacct_nocheck+0x5b7/0x810 block/blk-core.c:747
submit_bio_noacct+0xca0/0x1990 block/blk-core.c:847
__ext4_read_bh fs/ext4/super.c:205 [inline]
ext4_read_bh_nowait+0x15a/0x240 fs/ext4/super.c:217
ext4_read_bh_lock+0xac/0xd0 fs/ext4/super.c:242
ext4_bread_batch+0x268/0x500 fs/ext4/inode.c:958
__ext4_find_entry+0x448/0x10f0 fs/ext4/namei.c:1671
ext4_lookup_entry fs/ext4/namei.c:1774 [inline]
ext4_lookup.part.0+0x359/0x6f0 fs/ext4/namei.c:1842
ext4_lookup+0x72/0x90 fs/ext4/namei.c:1839
__lookup_slow+0x257/0x480 fs/namei.c:1696
lookup_slow fs/namei.c:1713 [inline]
walk_component+0x454/0x5c0 fs/namei.c:2004
link_path_walk.part.0+0x773/0xda0 fs/namei.c:2331
link_path_walk fs/namei.c:3826 [inline]
path_openat+0x1b9/0x520 fs/namei.c:3826
do_filp_open+0x1b7/0x400 fs/namei.c:3857
do_sys_openat2+0x5dc/0x6e0 fs/open.c:1428
do_sys_open fs/open.c:1443 [inline]
__do_sys_openat fs/open.c:1459 [inline]
__se_sys_openat fs/open.c:1454 [inline]
__x64_sys_openat+0x148/0x200 fs/open.c:1454
do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/common.c:51 [inline]
do_syscall_6
---truncated---
Published Jan 19, 2025 · Updated Aug 5, 2026
High · CVSS 8.2
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
net: reenable NETIF_F_IPV6_CSUM offload for BIG TCP packets
The blamed commit disabled hardware offoad of IPv6 packets with
extension headers on devices that advertise NETIF_F_IPV6_CSUM,
based on the definition of that feature in skbuff.h:
* * - %NETIF_F_IPV6_CSUM
* - Driver (device) is only able to checksum plain
* TCP or UDP packets over IPv6. These are specifically
* unencapsulated packets of the form IPv6|TCP or
* IPv6|UDP where the Next Header field in the IPv6
* header is either TCP or UDP. IPv6 extension headers
* are not supported with this feature. This feature
* cannot be set in features for a device with
* NETIF_F_HW_CSUM also set. This feature is being
* DEPRECATED (see below).
The change causes skb_warn_bad_offload to fire for BIG TCP
packets.
[ 496.310233] WARNING: CPU: 13 PID: 23472 at net/core/dev.c:3129 skb_warn_bad_offload+0xc4/0xe0
[ 496.310297] ? skb_warn_bad_offload+0xc4/0xe0
[ 496.310300] skb_checksum_help+0x129/0x1f0
[ 496.310303] skb_csum_hwoffload_help+0x150/0x1b0
[ 496.310306] validate_xmit_skb+0x159/0x270
[ 496.310309] validate_xmit_skb_list+0x41/0x70
[ 496.310312] sch_direct_xmit+0x5c/0x250
[ 496.310317] __qdisc_run+0x388/0x620
BIG TCP introduced an IPV6_TLV_JUMBO IPv6 extension header to
communicate packet length, as this is an IPv6 jumbogram. But, the
feature is only enabled on devices that support BIG TCP TSO. The
header is only present for PF_PACKET taps like tcpdump, and not
transmitted by physical devices.
For this specific case of extension headers that are not
transmitted, return to the situation before the blamed commit
and support hardware offload.
ipv6_has_hopopt_jumbo() tests not only whether this header is present,
but also that it is the only extension header before a terminal (L4)
header.
Published Jan 15, 2025 · Updated Aug 5, 2026
High · CVSS 7.7
A
certification validation weakness exists in communication between affected
Omada devices and cloud controllers. Certificate identity verification does not
adequately validate that a presented certificate corresponds to the expected
cloud controller hostname, which may allow certificate validation protections
to be bypassed under specific conditions.
Successful
exploitation may allow interception or modification of communication between
affected devices and cloud controllers.
Published Aug 3, 2026 · Updated Aug 5, 2026
High · CVSS 7 · CISA KEV
Improper neutralization in Microsoft Management Console allows an unauthorized attacker to bypass a security feature locally.
Published Mar 11, 2025 · Updated Aug 5, 2026
High · CVSS 8.1 · CISA KEV
An Authentication Bypass Using an Alternate Path or Channel vulnerability [CWE-288] affecting FortiOS 7.0.0 through 7.0.16 and FortiProxy 7.2.0 through 7.2.12, 7.0.0 through 7.0.19 may allow a remote unauthenticated attacker with prior knowledge of upstream and downstream devices serial numbers to gain super-admin privileges on the downstream device, if the Security Fabric is enabled, via crafted CSF proxy requests.
Published Feb 11, 2025 · Updated Aug 5, 2026
Low · CVSS 3.7
A flaw was found in Keycloak. The Keycloak guides recommend to not expose /admin path to the outside in case the installation is using a proxy. The issue occurs at least via ha-proxy, as it can be tricked to using relative/non-normalized paths to access the /admin application path relative to /realms which is expected to be exposed.
Published Oct 28, 2025 · Updated Aug 4, 2026
High · CVSS 7.4
ColdFusion versions 2025.4, 2023.16, 2021.22 and earlier are affected by an Improper Restriction of XML External Entity Reference ('XXE') vulnerability that could lead to arbitrary file system read. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability to access sensitive files on the server. Exploitation of this issue does requires user interaction and scope is changed.
Published Dec 9, 2025 · Updated Aug 4, 2026
High · CVSS 7.3
kishan0725 Hospital Management System 4.0 is vulnerable to SQL Injection in the view-medhistory.php endpoint via the viewid parameter.
Published Jul 29, 2026 · Updated Aug 4, 2026
High · CVSS 8.1
The ChamaWP WordPress plugin before 1.0.13 does not properly validate user input before passing it to a PHP deserialization function, allowing unauthenticated attackers to inject arbitrary PHP objects, which could lead to remote code execution when a suitable gadget chain is present via other installed code.
Published Aug 3, 2026 · Updated Aug 4, 2026
Medium · CVSS 4.9
The Import and export users and customers WordPress plugin before 2.4.3 does not restrict the path of a file it reads and displays during a CSV import, allowing high-privileged users to read arbitrary files on the server.
Published Aug 3, 2026 · Updated Aug 4, 2026
High · CVSS 7.5
JIT miscompilation in the JavaScript Engine: JIT component. This vulnerability was fixed in Firefox 143.0.3.
Published Sep 30, 2025 · Updated Aug 4, 2026
High · CVSS 7.5
Information disclosure, mitigation bypass in the Privacy component in Firefox for Android. This vulnerability was fixed in Firefox 143.
Published Sep 16, 2025 · Updated Aug 4, 2026
High · CVSS 8.1
Spoofing issue in the Site Permissions component. This vulnerability was fixed in Firefox 143 and Thunderbird 143.
Published Sep 16, 2025 · Updated Aug 4, 2026
Critical · CVSS 9.8
SQL Injection vulnerability in TDuckCloud v.5.1 allows a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code via the Add a file upload module
Published Sep 16, 2025 · Updated Aug 4, 2026
Critical · CVSS 9.1
An issue discovered in the Tuya Smart Life App 5.6.1 allows attackers to unprivileged control Matter devices via the Matter protocol.
Published Sep 16, 2025 · Updated Aug 4, 2026
Critical · CVSS 9.8
An issue in Online Library Management System v.3.0 allows an attacker to escalate privileges via the adminlogin.php component and the Login function
Published Sep 16, 2025 · Updated Aug 4, 2026
High · CVSS 8.6
Improper Restriction of Excessive Authentication Attempts vulnerability in Akinsoft ProKuafor allows Authentication Bypass.
This issue affects ProKuafor: from s1.02.08 before v1.02.08.
Published Sep 2, 2025 · Updated Aug 4, 2026
Critical · CVSS 10
Dongsheng Logistics Software exposes an unauthenticated endpoint at /CommMng/Print/UploadMailFile that fails to enforce proper file type validation and access control. An attacker can upload arbitrary files, including executable scripts such as .ashx, via a crafted multipart/form-data POST request. This allows remote code execution on the server, potentially leading to full system compromise. The vulnerability is presumed to affect builds released prior to July 2025 and is remediated in newer versions of the product, though the exact affected range remains undefined. Exploitation evidence was first observed by the Shadowserver Foundation on 2025-07-23 UTC.
Published Aug 27, 2025 · Updated Aug 4, 2026
Critical · CVSS 9.3
An unauthenticated SQL injection vulnerability exists in the GetLyfsByParams endpoint of Bian Que Feijiu Intelligent Emergency and Quality Control System, accessible via the /AppService/BQMedical/WebServiceForFirstaidApp.asmx interface. The backend fails to properly sanitize user-supplied input in the strOpid parameter, allowing attackers to inject arbitrary SQL statements. This can lead to data exfiltration, authentication bypass, and potentially remote code execution, depending on backend configuration. The vulnerability is presumed to affect builds released prior to June 2025 and is remediated in newer versions of the product, though the exact affected range remains undefined. Exploitation evidence was first observed by the Shadowserver Foundation on 2025-07-23 UTC.
Published Aug 27, 2025 · Updated Aug 4, 2026
Critical · CVSS 9.2
A heap-based buffer overflow vulnerability exists in the network-facing input handling routines of Arcserve Unified Data Protection (UDP). This flaw is reachable without authentication and results from improper bounds checking when processing attacker-controlled input. By sending specially crafted data, a remote attacker can corrupt heap memory, potentially causing a denial of service or enabling arbitrary code execution depending on the memory layout and exploitation techniques used. This vulnerability is similar in nature to CVE-2025-34522 but affects a separate code path or component. No user interaction is required, and exploitation occurs in the context of the vulnerable process. This vulnerability affects all UDP versions prior to 10.2. UDP 10.2 includes the necessary patches and requires no action. Versions 8.0 through 10.1 are supported and require either patch application or upgrade to 10.2. Versions 7.x and earlier are unsupported or out of maintenance and must be upgraded to 10.2 to remediate the issue.
Published Aug 27, 2025 · Updated Aug 4, 2026
High · CVSS 8.4
Mitrastar GPT-2741GNAC-N2 devices are provided with access through ssh into a restricted default shell.The command "deviceinfo show file" is supposed to be used from restricted shell to show files and directories. By providing " /bin/sh" (quotes included) to the argument of this command will drop a root shell.
Published Aug 26, 2025 · Updated Aug 4, 2026
Critical · CVSS 9.8
phpgurukul Hospital Management System 4.0 is vulnerable to SQL Injection in index.php via the username parameter.
Published Aug 25, 2025 · Updated Aug 4, 2026
