S1207: XLoader

S1207: XLoader describes [XLoader](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1207) is an infostealer malware in use since at least 2016. Previously known and sometimes still referred to as Formbook, [XLoader](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1207) is a Malware as a Service (MaaS) known for stealing data from web browsers, email clients and File Transfer Protocol (FTP) applications.(Citation: Zscaler XLoader 2025)(Citation: ANY.RUN XLoader 2023)(Citation: CheckPoint XLoader 2022)(Citation: Acronis XLoader 2021)(Citation: Google XLoader 2017)

Executive priority

S1207: XLoader is an official MITRE ATT&CK software. Glexia treats it as defensive behavior context for prioritizing monitoring, control validation, and response planning without using the object by itself as an attribution claim.

Technical view

Security teams should validate S1207: XLoader by reviewing the official ATT&CK relationships, mapped tactics (the mapped ATT&CK tactic context), supported platforms (Windows), and available local telemetry before making detection or mitigation decisions.

Likely telemetry

Official ATT&CK relationships and object metadata
Network, endpoint, and security-tool telemetry

Detection direction

Validate whether S1207: XLoader appears in your detection coverage and tabletop scenarios.
Use the object to align executive risk language with SOC, incident response, and detection engineering work.
Do not treat ATT&CK relationship context as attribution without corroborating evidence.

Mitigation priorities

Map the object to existing controls and identify missing telemetry or response ownership.
Prioritize mitigations that reduce exposure on the listed platforms and tactics.
Review adjacent ATT&CK relationships before changing policy, detections, or reporting language.

Additional notes and limits

Baseline Glexia take generated from the official MITRE ATT&CK STIX object, source hash, tactics, platforms, and detection fields. It is safe to replace with a richer model-generated take for the same source hash later.

This baseline take is source-grounded and schema-validated, but it does not include environment-specific telemetry, incident evidence, or threat-intelligence corroboration.

Generated from the cited source records. This long-tail analysis has not been individually reviewed by a named human.

Official MITRE ATT&CK definition

XLoader

XLoader is an infostealer malware in use since at least 2016. Previously known and sometimes still referred to as Formbook, XLoader is a Malware as a Service (MaaS) known for stealing data from web browsers, email clients and File Transfer Protocol (FTP) applications.[1][2][3][4][5]

View the same entry on attack.mitre.org (MITRE-hosted reference; in-page links above use the Glexia ATT&CK library.)

Glexia analysis

How security teams should use this page

Treat this object as behavior context, not an attribution claim. Validate the related groups, software, data sources, and mitigations against official ATT&CK relationships and your own telemetry before making control-coverage decisions.

ATT&CK relationship table

Techniques used

This mirrors the MITRE pattern of making group, software, campaign, and technique relationships scannable. Relationship notes come from mirrored ATT&CK relationship text when available.

Filter related techniques28 rows

Domain	ID	Name	Relationship / procedure
Enterprise	T1113	Screen Capture	XLoader can capture screenshots on compromised hosts.[5]CitationNetskope XLoader 2022
Enterprise	T1555	Credentials from Password Stores	XLoader can collect credentials stored in email clients.[5]CitationNetskope XLoader 2022
Enterprise	T1055.012	Process HollowingSub-technique	XLoader uses process hollowing by injecting itself into the `explorer.exe` process and other files ithin the Windows `SysWOW64` directory.[1][5][2]
Enterprise	T1685	Disable or Modify Tools	XLoader loads a copy of NTDLL to evade hooks from security monitoring tools on this library.[1] XLoader can add the path of its executable to the Microsoft Defender exclusion list.CitationNetskope XLoader 2022
Enterprise	T1539	Steal Web Session Cookie	XLoader can capture web session cookies and session information from victim browsers.[5]
Enterprise	T1027.013	Encrypted/Encoded FileSub-technique	XLoader features encrypted functions using the RC4 algorithm and bytecode operations.[1][2]
Enterprise	T1053.005	Scheduled TaskSub-technique	XLoader can create scheduled tasks for persistence.CitationNetskope XLoader 2022
Enterprise	T1059.010	AutoHotKey & AutoITSub-technique	XLoader can use an AutoIT script to decrypt a payload file, load it into victim memory, then execute it on the victim machine.[5]
Enterprise	T1056.001	KeyloggingSub-technique	XLoader can capture keystrokes from the victim machine.[5]
Enterprise	T1070.004	File DeletionSub-technique	XLoader can delete malicious executables from compromised machines.[4]
Enterprise	T1203	Exploitation for Client Execution	XLoader has exploited Office vulnerabilities during local execution such as CVE-2017-11882 and CVE-2018-0798.CitationNetskope XLoader 2022
Enterprise	T1497	Virtualization/Sandbox Evasion	XLoader can utilize decoy command and control domains within the malware configuration to circumvent sandbox analysis.[2][3]
Enterprise	T1115	Clipboard Data	XLoader can collect data stored in the victim's clipboard.[5]CitationNetskope XLoader 2022
Enterprise	T1106	Native API	XLoader uses the native Windows API for functionality, including defense evasion.[1]
Enterprise	T1555.003	Credentials from Web BrowsersSub-technique	XLoader can gather credentials from several web browsers.[1][5]CitationNetskope XLoader 2022
Enterprise	T1566.001	Spearphishing AttachmentSub-technique	XLoader has been delivered as a phishing attachment, including PDFs with embedded links, Word and Excel files, and various archive files (ZIP, RAR, ACE, and ISOs) containing EXE payloads.[5][4]
Enterprise	T1185	Browser Session Hijacking	XLoader can conduct form grabbing, steal cookies, and extract data from HTTP sessions.[5]
Enterprise	T1529	System Shutdown/Reboot	XLoader can initiate a system reboot or shutdown.[5]
Enterprise	T1622	Debugger Evasion	XLoader uses anti-debugging mechanisms such as calling `NtQueryInformationProcess` with `InfoClass=7`, referencing `ProcessDebugPort`, to determine if it is being analyzed.[5]
Enterprise	T1140	Deobfuscate/Decode Files or Information	XLoader uses XOR and RC4 algorithms to decrypt payloads and functions.[1] XLoader can be distributed as a self-extracting RAR archive that launches an AutoIT loader.[5]
Enterprise	T1497.001	System ChecksSub-technique	XLoader performs timing checks using the Read-Time Stamp Counter (RDTSC) instruction on the victim CPU.[5]
Enterprise	T1071.001	Web ProtocolsSub-technique	XLoader uses HTTP and HTTPS for command and control communication.[5]
Enterprise	T1055.004	Asynchronous Procedure CallSub-technique	XLoader injects code into the APC queue using `NtQueueApcThread` API.[1]
Enterprise	T1033	System Owner/User Discovery	XLoader can identify the username from a victim machine.[4]
Enterprise	T1082	System Information Discovery	XLoader can collect system information and supported language information from the victim machine.[4]
Enterprise	T1583.001	DomainsSub-technique	XLoader can utilize hardcoded command and control domain configurations created by the XLoader authors. These are designed to mimic domain registrars and hosting service providers such as Hostinger and Namecheap.[3]
Enterprise	T1027.002	Software PackingSub-technique	XLoader uses various packers, including CyaX, to obfuscate malicious executables.CitationNetskope XLoader 2022
Enterprise	T1547.001	Registry Run Keys / Startup FolderSub-technique	XLoader establishes persistence by copying its executable in a subdirectory of `%APPDATA%` or `%PROGRAMFILES%`, and then modifies Windows Registry Run keys or policies keys to execute the executable on system start.[1][5]

Relationship explorer

All related ATT&CK context

Change history

Object version and sync metadata

The fields below describe the current mirrored snapshot. When Glexia retains multiple ATT&CK source imports, you can open the table to compare the same object across releases (hashes and MITRE timestamps). For MITRE’s own release notes and roadmap, see ATT&CK resources — Updates.

ATT&CK release: 19.2
Object version: 1.0
Created: Mar 11, 2025, 19:05 UTC (UTC+00:00)
Modified: Mar 11, 2025, 19:54 UTC (UTC+00:00)
Raw hash: ca66366f0ecd7f87...

Imported snapshots across ATT&CK releases(2)

Release	Bundle imported	Object version	Modified	Status	Raw hash
19.2	Aug 6, 2026, 02:58 UTC (UTC+00:00)	1.0	Mar 11, 2025, 19:54 UTC (UTC+00:00)	Current bundle	`ca66366f0ecd…`
19.1	Jul 14, 2026, 09:14 UTC (UTC+00:00)	1.0	Mar 11, 2025, 19:54 UTC (UTC+00:00)	Older bundle	`ca66366f0ecd…`

Raw source

Mirrored ATT&CK source object

The raw object is retained through the mirrored ATT&CK source bundle and object hash. The raw endpoint returns the exact object from the mirrored bundle when available.

Open mirrored raw JSON Open MITRE-hosted copy

Source references

External references and citations

MITRE external references are preserved separately from Glexia analysis so citations remain traceable to their original source records.

[1]
Zscaler XLoader 2025
Zscaler Threatlabz. (2025, January 27). Technical Analysis of Xloader Versions 6 and 7 | Part 1. Retrieved March 11, 2025.
Open source URL
[2]
ANY.RUN XLoader 2023
ANY.RUN. (2023, February 28). XLoader/FormBook: Encryption Analysis and Malware Decryption . Retrieved March 11, 2025.
Open source URL
[3]
CheckPoint XLoader 2022
Alexey Bukhteyev & Raman Ladutska, Check Point Research. (2022, May 31). XLoader Botnet: Find Me If You Can. Retrieved March 11, 2025.
Open source URL
[4]
Acronis XLoader 2021
Acronis. (2021, November 26). Trojan-as-a-service: From Formbook to XLoader. Retrieved March 11, 2025.
Open source URL
[5]
Google XLoader 2017
Nart Villeneuve, Randi Eitzman, Sandor Nemes & Tyler Dean, Google Cloud. (2017, October 5). Significant FormBook Distribution Campaigns Impacting the U.S. and South Korea. Retrieved March 11, 2025.
Open source URL
[6]
Formbook
(Citation: Zscaler XLoader 2025)(Citation: ANY.RUN XLoader 2023)(Citation: CheckPoint XLoader 2022)(Citation: Google XLoader 2017)
[7]
mitre-attackS1207
Open source URL

Source and licensing

Source: MITRE ATT&CK®. © 2026 The MITRE Corporation. This work is reproduced and distributed with the permission of The MITRE Corporation. MITRE ATT&CK and ATT&CK are registered trademarks of The MITRE Corporation. Glexia is not affiliated with or endorsed by MITRE.

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