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MITRE ATT&CK® Malware

S0663: SysUpdate

SysUpdate is a backdoor written in C++ that has been used by Threat Group-3390 since at least 2020.[1]

EnterpriseS0663MalwareObject v1.3Modified
Discuss defensive coverageBack to ATT&CK
Glexia's Take · Automated analysis

Security context for executives and security teams

Automation confidenceHigh

SysUpdate is a Windows and Linux backdoor associated in ATT&CK with Threat Group-3390 and documented since at least 2020. Its ATT&CK relationships matter because they show a broad post-compromise pattern: discovery of users, services, processes, files, system and network settings; persistence through Linux systemd services and Windows registry modification; stealth through packing, encoding, fileless storage, masqueraded services, and file deletion; and C2/exfiltration activity including DNS and encoded C2 traffic. For leaders, the practical question is not simply whether a named malware family is detected, but whether endpoint, DNS, service, registry, and file activity are observable across both Windows and Linux estates.

Executive priority

Prioritize SysUpdate as a validation case for cross-platform incident readiness. The ATT&CK data links it to backdoor behavior and to a group known to target sectors including aerospace, government, defense, technology, energy, manufacturing, and gambling/betting. Security leaders should use this object to ask whether SOC coverage can connect discovery, persistence, stealth, tool transfer, C2, and exfiltration signals into one investigation, and whether Linux service monitoring receives the same governance and audit attention as Windows registry and WMI monitoring.

Technical view

ATT&CK provides no dedicated detection text for SysUpdate, so defenders should validate coverage from its mapped techniques. On Windows, review telemetry for WMI execution, registry modification, masqueraded services/tasks, process and service discovery, screen capture, file deletion, encoded or packed artifacts, and DNS/encoded C2 patterns. On Linux, validate systemd service creation or modification, process/service/user/system/network discovery, suspicious use of shared or volatile storage consistent with fileless storage, file deletion, tool transfer, and DNS-based C2. Because many mapped behaviors overlap with legitimate administration, detection should correlate sequences: new or modified persistence followed by discovery, encoded communication, file staging, local data access, and possible exfiltration over the same C2 channel.

Likely telemetry

  • Endpoint process creation and command-line telemetry on Windows and Linux
  • Windows WMI activity and related process lineage
  • Windows Registry modification events
  • Windows service/task and Linux systemd service creation or modification records
  • File creation, deletion, packing/encoding indicators, and artifact metadata

Detection direction

  • Do not rely on a SysUpdate signature alone; ATT&CK mapping indicates behaviors that may be packed, encoded, fileless, or masqueraded.
  • Tune detections for chained behavior across discovery, persistence, C2, and cleanup rather than isolated administrative commands.
  • Baseline legitimate WMI, registry, systemd, service, DNS, and file deletion activity to reduce false positives from normal administration.
  • Confirm Linux visibility is sufficient for systemd service changes, process discovery, shared-memory or runtime-directory abuse, and DNS/network activity.
  • Review DNS monitoring for C2-style use, including encoded data patterns, while accounting for high-volume legitimate DNS use.

Mitigation priorities

  • Establish or verify endpoint logging coverage for Windows and Linux before relying on detection outcomes.
  • Harden and monitor persistence surfaces: Windows Registry and services/tasks, plus Linux systemd units.
  • Restrict and audit administrative execution paths such as WMI and service management according to least privilege.
  • Improve DNS and egress monitoring so encoded C2, tool transfer, and exfiltration over C2 channels can be investigated.
  • Add integrity monitoring or change control for critical service definitions, startup locations, and sensitive configuration paths.
Additional notes and limits

The most decision-useful aspect of this ATT&CK object is the breadth of mapped behavior rather than the malware description itself. SysUpdate can serve as a control-validation scenario spanning endpoint detection, Linux monitoring, Windows management-plane abuse, DNS visibility, persistence governance, and exfiltration investigation. Local prioritization should consider whether the organization operates Windows and Linux assets in business-critical environments and whether existing telemetry can preserve evidence after file deletion or stealth techniques.

MITRE does not provide official detection guidance for SysUpdate in the supplied object, and tactics are not specified directly on the malware object. This take is derived from the official description, external references, platform fields, and ATT&CK relationships only. It does not assert current activity, customer exposure, guaranteed detection, or attribution for any incident without local evidence.

Generated from the cited source records. This long-tail analysis has not been individually reviewed by a named human.

Official MITRE ATT&CK definition

SysUpdate

SysUpdate is a backdoor written in C++ that has been used by Threat Group-3390 since at least 2020.[1]

View the same entry on attack.mitre.org (MITRE-hosted reference; in-page links above use the Glexia ATT&CK library.)

Glexia analysis

How security teams should use this page

Treat this object as behavior context, not an attribution claim. Validate the related groups, software, data sources, and mitigations against official ATT&CK relationships and your own telemetry before making control-coverage decisions.

ATT&CK relationship table

Techniques used

This mirrors the MITRE pattern of making group, software, campaign, and technique relationships scannable. Relationship notes come from mirrored ATT&CK relationship text when available.

31 rows
DomainIDNameRelationship / procedure
EnterpriseT1071.004DNSSub-technique

SysUpdate has used DNS TXT requests as for its C2 communication.[2]

EnterpriseT1573.001Symmetric CryptographySub-technique

SysUpdate has used DES to encrypt all C2 communications.[2]

EnterpriseT1007System Service Discovery

SysUpdate can collect a list of services on a victim machine.[2]

EnterpriseT1140Deobfuscate/Decode Files or Information

SysUpdate can deobfuscate packed binaries in memory.[1]

EnterpriseT1680Local Storage Discovery

SysUpdate can collect a system's drive information.[1][2]

EnterpriseT1132.001Standard EncodingSub-technique

SysUpdate has used Base64 to encode its C2 traffic.[2]

EnterpriseT1033System Owner/User Discovery

SysUpdate can collect the username from a compromised host.[2]

EnterpriseT1057Process Discovery

SysUpdate can collect information about running processes.[2]

EnterpriseT1553.002Code SigningSub-technique

SysUpdate has been signed with stolen digital certificates.[2]

EnterpriseT1005Data from Local System

SysUpdate can collect information and files from a compromised host.[2]

EnterpriseT1027.011Fileless StorageSub-technique

SysUpdate can store its encoded configuration file within Software\Classes\scConfig in either HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE or HKEY_CURRENT_USER.[1]

EnterpriseT1083File and Directory Discovery

SysUpdate can search files on a compromised host.[1][2]

EnterpriseT1016.001Internet Connection DiscoverySub-technique

SysUpdate can contact the DNS server operated by Google as part of its C2 establishment process.[2]

EnterpriseT1105Ingress Tool Transfer

SysUpdate has the ability to download files to a compromised host.[1][2]

EnterpriseT1036.004Masquerade Task or ServiceSub-technique

SysUpdate has named their unit configuration file similarly to other unit files residing in the same directory, `/usr/lib/systemd/system/`, to appear benign.[2]

EnterpriseT1041Exfiltration Over C2 Channel

SysUpdate has exfiltrated data over its C2 channel.[2]

EnterpriseT1027.013Encrypted/Encoded FileSub-technique

SysUpdate can encrypt and encode its configuration file.[1]

EnterpriseT1082System Information Discovery

SysUpdate can collect a system's architecture, operating system version, and hostname.[1][2]

EnterpriseT1113Screen Capture

SysUpdate has the ability to capture screenshots.[1]

EnterpriseT1543.002Systemd ServiceSub-technique

SysUpdate can copy a script to the user owned `/usr/lib/systemd/system/` directory with a symlink mapped to a `root` owned directory, `/etc/ystem/system`, in the unit configuration file's `ExecStart` directive to establish persistence and elevate privileges.[2]

EnterpriseT1070.004File DeletionSub-technique

SysUpdate can delete its configuration file from the targeted system.[1]

EnterpriseT1112Modify Registry

SysUpdate can write its configuration file to Software\Classes\scConfig in either HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE or HKEY_CURRENT_USER.[1]

EnterpriseT1564.001Hidden Files and DirectoriesSub-technique

SysUpdate has the ability to set file attributes to hidden.[1]

EnterpriseT1574.001DLLSub-technique

SysUpdate can load DLLs through vulnerable legitimate executables.[1]

EnterpriseT1547.001Registry Run Keys / Startup FolderSub-technique

SysUpdate can use a Registry Run key to establish persistence.[1]

EnterpriseT1016System Network Configuration Discovery

SysUpdate can collected the IP address and domain name of a compromised host.[2]

EnterpriseT1027.002Software PackingSub-technique

SysUpdate has been packed with VMProtect.[1][2]

EnterpriseT1106Native API

SysUpdate can call the `GetNetworkParams` API as part of its C2 establishment process.[2]

EnterpriseT1569.002Service ExecutionSub-technique

SysUpdate can manage services and processes.[1]

EnterpriseT1047Windows Management Instrumentation

SysUpdate can use WMI for execution on a compromised host.[1]

EnterpriseT1543.003Windows ServiceSub-technique

SysUpdate can create a service to establish persistence.[1]

Associated objects

Groups, software, and campaigns

GroupEnterprise

G0027: Threat Group-3390

Threat Group-3390 is a Chinese threat group that has extensively used strategic Web compromises to target victims.[1] The group has been active since at least 2010 and has targeted organizations in the aerospace, government, defense, technology, energy, manufacturing and gambling/betting sectors.[2][3][4]

Relationship explorer

All related ATT&CK context

uses · TechniqueT1071.004: DNSEnterpriseuses · TechniqueT1573.001: Symmetric CryptographyEnterpriseuses · TechniqueT1007: System Service DiscoveryEnterpriseuses · TechniqueT1140: Deobfuscate/Decode Files or InformationEnterpriseuses · TechniqueT1680: Local Storage DiscoveryEnterpriseuses · TechniqueT1132.001: Standard EncodingEnterpriseuses · TechniqueT1033: System Owner/User DiscoveryEnterpriseuses · TechniqueT1057: Process DiscoveryEnterpriseuses · TechniqueT1553.002: Code SigningEnterpriseuses · TechniqueT1005: Data from Local SystemEnterpriseuses · TechniqueT1027.011: Fileless StorageEnterpriseuses · TechniqueT1083: File and Directory DiscoveryEnterpriseuses · TechniqueT1016.001: Internet Connection DiscoveryEnterpriseuses · TechniqueT1105: Ingress Tool TransferEnterpriseuses · TechniqueT1036.004: Masquerade Task or ServiceEnterpriseuses · TechniqueT1041: Exfiltration Over C2 ChannelEnterpriseuses · TechniqueT1027.013: Encrypted/Encoded FileEnterpriseuses · TechniqueT1082: System Information DiscoveryEnterpriseuses · TechniqueT1113: Screen CaptureEnterpriseuses · TechniqueT1543.002: Systemd ServiceEnterpriseuses · GroupG0027: Threat Group-3390Enterpriseuses · TechniqueT1070.004: File DeletionEnterpriseuses · TechniqueT1112: Modify RegistryEnterpriseuses · TechniqueT1564.001: Hidden Files and DirectoriesEnterprise
Change history

Object version and sync metadata

The fields below describe the current mirrored snapshot. When Glexia retains multiple ATT&CK source imports, you can open the table to compare the same object across releases (hashes and MITRE timestamps). For MITRE’s own release notes and roadmap, see ATT&CK resources — Updates.

ATT&CK release
19.1
Object version
1.3
Created
Modified
Raw hash
c6a12330e34c9b14...
Imported snapshots across ATT&CK releases(1)
ReleaseBundle importedObject versionModifiedStatusRaw hash
19.11.3Current bundlec6a12330e34c…
Raw source

Mirrored ATT&CK source object

The raw object is retained through the mirrored ATT&CK source bundle and object hash. The raw endpoint returns the exact object from the mirrored bundle when available.

Open mirrored raw JSONOpen MITRE-hosted copy
Source references

External references and citations

MITRE external references are preserved separately from Glexia analysis so citations remain traceable to their original source records.

  1. [1]
    Trend Micro Iron Tiger April 2021

    Lunghi, D. and Lu, K. (2021, April 9). Iron Tiger APT Updates Toolkit With Evolved SysUpdate Malware. Retrieved November 12, 2021.

    Open source URL
  2. [2]
    Lunghi Iron Tiger Linux

    Daniel Lunghi. (2023, March 1). Iron Tiger’s SysUpdate Reappears, Adds Linux Targeting. Retrieved March 20, 2023.

    Open source URL
  3. [3]
    FOCUSFJORD

    (Citation: Trend Micro Iron Tiger April 2021)

  4. [4]
    FOCUSFJORD

    (Citation: Trend Micro Iron Tiger April 2021)

  5. [5]
    FOCUSFJORD

    (Citation: Trend Micro Iron Tiger April 2021)

  6. [6]
    HyperSSL

    (Citation: Trend Micro Iron Tiger April 2021)

  7. [7]
    HyperSSL

    (Citation: Trend Micro Iron Tiger April 2021)

  8. [8]
    HyperSSL

    (Citation: Trend Micro Iron Tiger April 2021)

  9. [9]
    Soldier

    (Citation: Trend Micro Iron Tiger April 2021)

  10. [10]
    Soldier

    (Citation: Trend Micro Iron Tiger April 2021)

  11. [11]
    Soldier

    (Citation: Trend Micro Iron Tiger April 2021)

  12. [12]
    Trend Micro Iron Tiger April 2021

    Lunghi, D. and Lu, K. (2021, April 9). Iron Tiger APT Updates Toolkit With Evolved SysUpdate Malware. Retrieved November 12, 2021.

    Open source URL
  13. [13]
    Trend Micro Iron Tiger April 2021

    Lunghi, D. and Lu, K. (2021, April 9). Iron Tiger APT Updates Toolkit With Evolved SysUpdate Malware. Retrieved November 12, 2021.

    Open source URL
  14. [14]
    mitre-attackS0663
    Open source URL
  15. [15]
    mitre-attackS0663
    Open source URL
  16. [16]
    mitre-attackS0663
    Open source URL
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    Lunghi Iron Tiger Linux

    Daniel Lunghi. (2023, March 1). Iron Tiger’s SysUpdate Reappears, Adds Linux Targeting. Retrieved March 20, 2023.

    Open source URL
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    Lunghi Iron Tiger Linux

    Daniel Lunghi. (2023, March 1). Iron Tiger’s SysUpdate Reappears, Adds Linux Targeting. Retrieved March 20, 2023.

    Open source URL
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    Lunghi Iron Tiger Linux

    Daniel Lunghi. (2023, March 1). Iron Tiger’s SysUpdate Reappears, Adds Linux Targeting. Retrieved March 20, 2023.

    Open source URL
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    Lunghi Iron Tiger Linux

    Daniel Lunghi. (2023, March 1). Iron Tiger’s SysUpdate Reappears, Adds Linux Targeting. Retrieved March 20, 2023.

    Open source URL
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    Lunghi Iron Tiger Linux

    Daniel Lunghi. (2023, March 1). Iron Tiger’s SysUpdate Reappears, Adds Linux Targeting. Retrieved March 20, 2023.

    Open source URL
  22. [22]
    Trend Micro Iron Tiger April 2021

    Lunghi, D. and Lu, K. (2021, April 9). Iron Tiger APT Updates Toolkit With Evolved SysUpdate Malware. Retrieved November 12, 2021.

    Open source URL
  23. [23]
    Trend Micro Iron Tiger April 2021

    Lunghi, D. and Lu, K. (2021, April 9). Iron Tiger APT Updates Toolkit With Evolved SysUpdate Malware. Retrieved November 12, 2021.

    Open source URL
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    Lunghi Iron Tiger Linux

    Daniel Lunghi. (2023, March 1). Iron Tiger’s SysUpdate Reappears, Adds Linux Targeting. Retrieved March 20, 2023.

    Open source URL
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    Lunghi Iron Tiger Linux

    Daniel Lunghi. (2023, March 1). Iron Tiger’s SysUpdate Reappears, Adds Linux Targeting. Retrieved March 20, 2023.

    Open source URL
  26. [26]
    Trend Micro Iron Tiger April 2021

    Lunghi, D. and Lu, K. (2021, April 9). Iron Tiger APT Updates Toolkit With Evolved SysUpdate Malware. Retrieved November 12, 2021.

    Open source URL
  27. [27]
    Trend Micro Iron Tiger April 2021

    Lunghi, D. and Lu, K. (2021, April 9). Iron Tiger APT Updates Toolkit With Evolved SysUpdate Malware. Retrieved November 12, 2021.

    Open source URL
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    Lunghi Iron Tiger Linux

    Daniel Lunghi. (2023, March 1). Iron Tiger’s SysUpdate Reappears, Adds Linux Targeting. Retrieved March 20, 2023.

    Open source URL
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    Daniel Lunghi. (2023, March 1). Iron Tiger’s SysUpdate Reappears, Adds Linux Targeting. Retrieved March 20, 2023.

    Open source URL
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    Lunghi Iron Tiger Linux

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    Open source URL
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    Open source URL
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    Open source URL
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    Open source URL
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    Open source URL
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    Lunghi Iron Tiger Linux

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    Open source URL
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    Open source URL
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    Trend Micro Iron Tiger April 2021

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    Open source URL
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    Trend Micro Iron Tiger April 2021

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    Open source URL
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    Open source URL
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    Open source URL
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    Trend Micro Iron Tiger April 2021

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    Open source URL
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    Trend Micro Iron Tiger April 2021

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    Open source URL
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    Open source URL
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    Daniel Lunghi. (2023, March 1). Iron Tiger’s SysUpdate Reappears, Adds Linux Targeting. Retrieved March 20, 2023.

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    Open source URL
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    Open source URL
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    Open source URL
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    Open source URL
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    Open source URL
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    Open source URL
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    Open source URL
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