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MITRE ATT&CK® Group

G0134: Transparent Tribe

Transparent Tribe is a suspected Pakistan-based threat group that has been active since at least 2013, primarily targeting diplomatic, defense, and research organizations in India and Afghanistan.[1][2][3]

EnterpriseG0134GroupObject v1.2Modified
Discuss defensive coverageBack to ATT&CK
Glexia's Take · Automated analysis

Security context for executives and security teams

Automation confidenceMedium

Transparent Tribe is an ATT&CK group entry for a suspected Pakistan-based threat group active since at least 2013, with reported targeting of diplomatic, defense, and research organizations in India and Afghanistan, plus a related campaign against students in India. The decision value is not a single indicator list; it is a reminder that organizations with regional, government, defense, research, or academic exposure should validate resilience against phishing-led access, malicious links/files, drive-by activity, and Windows remote access trojans associated through ATT&CK relationships.

Executive priority

Prioritize this as a targeted-threat readiness issue where the organization has relevant geographic, sector, partner, academic, or research exposure. Leaders should ask whether email security, endpoint monitoring, DNS/web telemetry, vulnerability management for client applications, and incident response playbooks can produce evidence quickly when a user clicks a link, opens a file, or a RAT-like implant appears. This object also supports compliance and audit conversations around phishing controls, endpoint visibility, and documented response capability, but ATT&CK does not provide a native detection section for this group.

Technical view

ATT&CK relationships associate Transparent Tribe with Windows RATs/backdoors including Crimson, DarkComet, njRAT, Peppy, and ObliqueRAT, and with techniques covering spearphishing attachments and links, malicious files/links, drive-by compromise, exploitation for client execution, obfuscated or encoded files, hidden files/directories, masquerading via legitimate-looking names/locations, dynamic resolution for command and control, and domain acquisition or hijacking for infrastructure. SOC and IR teams should validate end-to-end visibility across the access chain: email delivery, user click/open events, browser/client exploitation signals, file creation and execution, process and script activity including Visual Basic, suspicious persistence or hidden artifacts, and DNS/network patterns consistent with dynamic infrastructure.

Likely telemetry

  • Email security logs for spearphishing attachments and links, including sender, URL, attachment, and delivery metadata
  • Web proxy, secure web gateway, browser, and DNS logs for malicious links, drive-by activity, domain lookups, redirects, and newly observed infrastructure
  • Endpoint detection and operating system logs for file creation, process execution, hidden file or directory attributes, suspicious naming/location patterns, and Visual Basic execution
  • Malware prevention/EDR alerts and forensic artifacts related to RAT-like behavior on Windows systems, where applicable to Crimson, DarkComet, njRAT, Peppy, or ObliqueRAT relationships
  • Vulnerability and patch management evidence for client applications exposed to document, browser, or user-driven exploitation paths

Detection direction

  • Because ATT&CK provides no official detection text for this group, build coverage from the related techniques and software rather than from the group name alone.
  • Validate phishing detections for both attachment and link delivery; tune for targeted lures while accounting for business-valid external collaboration, academic communications, and research sharing where false positives may be common.
  • Correlate user click/open events with endpoint execution, script activity, file writes, hidden artifacts, and outbound DNS or web traffic instead of relying only on email gateway verdicts.
  • Hunt for suspicious files using legitimate-looking names or trusted locations, encoded or encrypted content, and hidden attributes; treat these as context signals that require process, signer, parent-child, and user behavior review.
  • Monitor DNS and web telemetry for dynamic resolution patterns and recently used or unusual domains, while recognizing that ATT&CK does not supply specific indicators in the provided object.

Mitigation priorities

  • Start with phishing risk reduction: attachment and URL inspection, user reporting workflows, and response procedures for clicked links or opened files.
  • Maintain vulnerability management for browsers, document readers, Office-like applications, and other client software that could support exploitation for client execution or drive-by compromise.
  • Ensure endpoint controls can block or alert on suspicious script execution, RAT-like behavior, hidden files/directories, and masquerading through legitimate-looking names or locations.
  • Strengthen DNS and web controls for domain reputation, newly observed domains, redirect chains, and command-and-control investigation workflows.
  • Prepare IR playbooks that connect email, endpoint, DNS, and proxy evidence quickly, including containment of suspected RAT infections and scoping of similar messages or domains.
Additional notes and limits

The most useful defensive reading of this object is relationship-driven: the group description establishes suspected origin, activity timeframe, and historical targeting, while the related software and techniques point defenders toward phishing, client execution, stealth, and command-and-control validation. The C0011 relationship expands the targeting context to students at universities and colleges in India and notes a shift from historic government, military, and think tank targeting.

The supplied ATT&CK group object has no official detection text, no tactics, and no platforms specified at the group level. Platform and behavior observations here come from supplied relationships to software and techniques. No claim is made that any organization is currently targeted or that controls will guarantee detection; local telemetry, asset exposure, geography, sector, and incident evidence are required.

Generated from the cited source records. This long-tail analysis has not been individually reviewed by a named human.

Official MITRE ATT&CK definition

Transparent Tribe

Transparent Tribe is a suspected Pakistan-based threat group that has been active since at least 2013, primarily targeting diplomatic, defense, and research organizations in India and Afghanistan.[1][2][3]

View the same entry on attack.mitre.org (MITRE-hosted reference; in-page links above use the Glexia ATT&CK library.)

Glexia analysis

How security teams should use this page

Treat this object as behavior context, not an attribution claim. Validate the related groups, software, data sources, and mitigations against official ATT&CK relationships and your own telemetry before making control-coverage decisions.

ATT&CK relationship table

Techniques used

This mirrors the MITRE pattern of making group, software, campaign, and technique relationships scannable. Relationship notes come from mirrored ATT&CK relationship text when available.

14 rows
DomainIDNameRelationship / procedure
EnterpriseT1189Drive-by Compromise

Transparent Tribe has used websites with malicious hyperlinks and iframes to infect targeted victims with Crimson, njRAT, and other malicious tools.[1][4][3]

EnterpriseT1608.004Drive-by TargetSub-technique

Transparent Tribe has set up websites with malicious hyperlinks and iframes to infect targeted victims with Crimson, njRAT, and other malicious tools.[1][4][3]

EnterpriseT1204.002Malicious FileSub-technique

Transparent Tribe has used weaponized documents in e-mail to compromise targeted systems.[1][2][5][3][4]

EnterpriseT1027.013Encrypted/Encoded FileSub-technique

Transparent Tribe has dropped encoded executables on compromised hosts.[1]

EnterpriseT1568Dynamic Resolution

Transparent Tribe has used dynamic DNS services to set up C2.[1]

EnterpriseT1584.001DomainsSub-technique

Transparent Tribe has compromised domains for use in targeted malicious campaigns.[1]

EnterpriseT1059.005Visual BasicSub-technique

Transparent Tribe has crafted VBS-based malicious documents.[1][2]

EnterpriseT1566.002Spearphishing LinkSub-technique

Transparent Tribe has embedded links to malicious downloads in e-mails.[5][3]

EnterpriseT1036.005Match Legitimate Resource Name or LocationSub-technique

Transparent Tribe can mimic legitimate Windows directories by using the same icons and names.[2]

EnterpriseT1583.001DomainsSub-technique

Transparent Tribe has registered domains to mimic file sharing, government, defense, and research websites for use in targeted campaigns.[1][3]

EnterpriseT1564.001Hidden Files and DirectoriesSub-technique

Transparent Tribe can hide legitimate directories and replace them with malicious copies of the same name.[2]

EnterpriseT1203Exploitation for Client Execution

Transparent Tribe has crafted malicious files to exploit CVE-2012-0158 and CVE-2010-3333 for execution.[1]

EnterpriseT1566.001Spearphishing AttachmentSub-technique

Transparent Tribe has sent spearphishing e-mails with attachments to deliver malicious payloads.[1][2][5][3][4]

EnterpriseT1204.001Malicious LinkSub-technique

Transparent Tribe has directed users to open URLs hosting malicious content.[5][3]

Associated objects

Groups, software, and campaigns

MalwareEnterprise

S0385: njRAT

njRAT is a remote access tool (RAT) that was first observed in 2012. It has been used by threat actors in the Middle East.[1]

Windows
CampaignEnterprise

C0011: C0011

C0011 was a suspected cyber espionage campaign conducted by Transparent Tribe that targeted students at universities and colleges in India. Security researchers noted this campaign against students was a significant shift from Transparent Tribe's historic targeting Indian government, military, and think tank personnel, and assessed it was still ongoing as of July 2022.[1]

Relationship explorer

All related ATT&CK context

uses · TechniqueT1189: Drive-by CompromiseEnterpriseuses · MalwareS0334: DarkCometEnterpriseuses · TechniqueT1608.004: Drive-by TargetEnterpriseuses · MalwareS0644: ObliqueRATEnterpriseuses · TechniqueT1204.002: Malicious FileEnterpriseuses · TechniqueT1027.013: Encrypted/Encoded FileEnterpriseuses · TechniqueT1568: Dynamic ResolutionEnterpriseuses · TechniqueT1584.001: DomainsEnterpriseuses · MalwareS0385: njRATEnterpriseuses · TechniqueT1059.005: Visual BasicEnterpriseuses · TechniqueT1566.002: Spearphishing LinkEnterpriseuses · TechniqueT1036.005: Match Legitimate Resource Name or LocationEnterpriseuses · TechniqueT1583.001: DomainsEnterpriseattributed to · CampaignC0011: C0011Enterpriseuses · TechniqueT1564.001: Hidden Files and DirectoriesEnterpriseuses · TechniqueT1203: Exploitation for Client ExecutionEnterpriseuses · MalwareS0115: CrimsonEnterpriseuses · TechniqueT1566.001: Spearphishing AttachmentEnterpriseuses · TechniqueT1204.001: Malicious LinkEnterpriseuses · MalwareS0643: PeppyEnterprise
Change history

Object version and sync metadata

The fields below describe the current mirrored snapshot. When Glexia retains multiple ATT&CK source imports, you can open the table to compare the same object across releases (hashes and MITRE timestamps). For MITRE’s own release notes and roadmap, see ATT&CK resources — Updates.

ATT&CK release
19.1
Object version
1.2
Created
Modified
Raw hash
910a17358cd8f353...
Imported snapshots across ATT&CK releases(1)
ReleaseBundle importedObject versionModifiedStatusRaw hash
19.11.2Current bundle910a17358cd8…
Raw source

Mirrored ATT&CK source object

The raw object is retained through the mirrored ATT&CK source bundle and object hash. The raw endpoint returns the exact object from the mirrored bundle when available.

Open mirrored raw JSONOpen MITRE-hosted copy
Source references

External references and citations

MITRE external references are preserved separately from Glexia analysis so citations remain traceable to their original source records.

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    Proofpoint Operation Transparent Tribe March 2016

    Huss, D. (2016, March 1). Operation Transparent Tribe. Retrieved June 8, 2016.

    Open source URL
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    Dedola, G. (2020, August 20). Transparent Tribe: Evolution analysis, part 1. Retrieved September 2, 2021.

    Open source URL
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    Malhotra, A. et al. (2021, May 13). Transparent Tribe APT expands its Windows malware arsenal. Retrieved September 2, 2021.

    Open source URL
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    Unit 42 ProjectM March 2016

    Falcone, R. and Conant S. (2016, March 25). ProjectM: Link Found Between Pakistani Actor and Operation Transparent Tribe. Retrieved September 2, 2021.

    Open source URL
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    Talos Oblique RAT March 2021

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    Open source URL
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    Cisco Talos Transparent Tribe Education Campaign July 2022

    N. Baisini. (2022, July 13). Transparent Tribe begins targeting education sector in latest campaign. Retrieved September 22, 2022.

    Open source URL
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    (Citation: Talos Transparent Tribe May 2021)

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    APT36

    (Citation: Talos Transparent Tribe May 2021)

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    APT36

    (Citation: Talos Transparent Tribe May 2021)

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    (Citation: Secureworks COPPER FIELDSTONE Profile)

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    COPPER FIELDSTONE

    (Citation: Secureworks COPPER FIELDSTONE Profile)

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    Mythic Leopard

    (Citation: Crowdstrike Mythic Leopard Profile)(Citation: Kaspersky Transparent Tribe August 2020)(Citation: Talos Transparent Tribe May 2021)

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    Mythic Leopard

    (Citation: Crowdstrike Mythic Leopard Profile)(Citation: Kaspersky Transparent Tribe August 2020)(Citation: Talos Transparent Tribe May 2021)

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    ProjectM

    (Citation: Unit 42 ProjectM March 2016)(Citation: Kaspersky Transparent Tribe August 2020)

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    (Citation: Unit 42 ProjectM March 2016)(Citation: Kaspersky Transparent Tribe August 2020)

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    Proofpoint Operation Transparent Tribe March 2016

    Huss, D. (2016, March 1). Operation Transparent Tribe. Retrieved June 8, 2016.

    Open source URL
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    Proofpoint Operation Transparent Tribe March 2016

    Huss, D. (2016, March 1). Operation Transparent Tribe. Retrieved June 8, 2016.

    Open source URL
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    Secureworks COPPER FIELDSTONE Profile

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    Open source URL
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    Secureworks COPPER FIELDSTONE Profile

    Secureworks. (n.d.). COPPER FIELDSTONE. Retrieved October 6, 2021.

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    Secureworks COPPER FIELDSTONE Profile

    Secureworks. (n.d.). COPPER FIELDSTONE. Retrieved October 6, 2021.

    Open source URL
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    Talos Transparent Tribe May 2021

    Malhotra, A. et al. (2021, May 13). Transparent Tribe APT expands its Windows malware arsenal. Retrieved September 2, 2021.

    Open source URL
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    Open source URL
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    Unit 42 ProjectM March 2016

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    Open source URL
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    Open source URL
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    Open source URL
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    Open source URL
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    Unit 42 ProjectM March 2016

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