Live Active security incident? Get immediate response
MITRE ATT&CK® Malware

S1192: NICECURL

NICECURL is a VBScript-based backdoor used by APT42 to download additional modules.[1]

EnterpriseS1192MalwareObject v1.0 Modified
Glexia's Take

Analyst context for executives and security teams

Analyst confidence Medium

NICECURL matters because it is described as a Windows VBScript-based backdoor that can download additional modules. For leaders, the practical risk is not just the initial script: it is the ability for a compromised Windows endpoint to become a staging point for more tooling, web-based command-and-control, and cleanup activity that may reduce forensic evidence.

Executive priority

Prioritize validation around Windows scripting controls, outbound web traffic governance, and incident response evidence retention. The relationship to APT42 and the linked command-and-control and file-transfer techniques make this relevant to espionage-oriented intrusion readiness, especially where executive, regional, or sensitive-information risk is material. Because ATT&CK provides no official detection for NICECURL, leadership should ask whether current SOC coverage can prove suspicious script execution, external module download, encrypted/web C2, and file deletion activity after compromise.

Technical view

ATT&CK identifies NICECURL as Windows malware and a VBScript-based backdoor used by APT42 to download additional modules. Related behaviors include Command and Scripting Interpreter, File Deletion, Web Protocols, Ingress Tool Transfer, and Asymmetric Cryptography. SOC and IR teams should validate whether Windows endpoint telemetry can connect script execution to outbound web communications, file creation or downloaded module activity, and later deletion or cleanup. Network detections should focus on suspicious web-protocol patterns rather than assuming cleartext content will be visible.

Likely telemetry

  • Windows endpoint process and script execution telemetry
  • Command-line and parent-child process context for script interpreter activity
  • File creation, modification, download, and deletion events
  • Proxy, firewall, DNS, and network flow logs for outbound web-protocol communications
  • TLS or encrypted-session metadata where available

Detection direction

  • No official ATT&CK detection is provided, so detections should be locally engineered and tested.
  • Correlate unusual Windows script execution with outbound web traffic and subsequent file writes or downloads.
  • Look for file deletion activity following suspicious script or module execution, while accounting for legitimate administrative scripts and cleanup jobs.
  • Tune against known enterprise VBScript use to reduce false positives; many environments still have legacy scripts that can resemble suspicious interpreter activity.
  • Validate whether encrypted or asymmetric-protected command-and-control would limit content inspection and require metadata-based analytics.

Mitigation priorities

  • Inventory and reduce unnecessary VBScript and script interpreter use on Windows systems.
  • Apply application control or execution policy controls where operationally feasible.
  • Enforce least privilege so downloaded modules have limited ability to execute or persist.
  • Use egress filtering, proxy logging, and approved web destinations to constrain unauthorized outbound command-and-control paths.
  • Preserve endpoint and network logs long enough to support incident reconstruction when file deletion is used for cleanup.
Analyst notes and limits

This take is based only on the supplied ATT&CK fields and relationships. NICECURL is tied to APT42 and to techniques for scripting, file deletion, web-protocol command-and-control, ingress tool transfer, and asymmetric cryptography. The object itself has no ATT&CK tactic list and no official detection text, so local telemetry validation is the key decision point.

The supplied ATT&CK object is sparse: no aliases, no official detection, no detailed procedure steps, and no indicators are provided. This summary does not assert current activity, customer exposure, specific infrastructure, or guaranteed detection coverage.

Official MITRE ATT&CK definition

NICECURL

NICECURL is a VBScript-based backdoor used by APT42 to download additional modules.[1]

View the same entry on attack.mitre.org (MITRE-hosted reference; in-page links above use the Glexia ATT&CK library.)

Glexia analysis

How security teams should use this page

Treat this object as behavior context, not an attribution claim. Validate the related groups, software, data sources, and mitigations against official ATT&CK relationships and your own telemetry before making control-coverage decisions.

ATT&CK relationship table

Techniques used

This mirrors the MITRE pattern of making group, software, campaign, and technique relationships scannable. Relationship notes come from mirrored ATT&CK relationship text when available.

5 rows
Domain ID Name Relationship / procedure
Enterprise T1070.004 File Deletion Sub-technique

NICECURL has a function to remove artifacts.CitationMandiant APT42-untangling

Enterprise T1059 Command and Scripting Interpreter

NICECURL has provided an arbitrary command execution interface.CitationMandiant APT42-untangling

Enterprise T1573.002 Asymmetric Cryptography Sub-technique

NICECURL has used HTTPS for C2 communications.CitationMandiant APT42-untangling

Enterprise T1105 Ingress Tool Transfer

NICECURL has the ability to download additional content onto an infected machine, e.g. by using `curl`.CitationMandiant APT42-untangling

Enterprise T1071.001 Web Protocols Sub-technique

NICECURL has used HTTPS for C2 communications.CitationMandiant APT42-untangling

Associated objects

Groups, software, and campaigns

Group Enterprise

G1044: APT42

APT42 is an Iranian-sponsored threat group that conducts cyber espionage and surveillance.[1] The group primarily focuses on targets in the Middle East region, but has targeted a variety of industries and countries since at least 2015.[1] APT42 starts cyber operations through spearphishing emails and/or the PINEFLOWER Android malware, then monitors and collects information from the compromised systems and devices.[1] Finally, APT42 exfiltrates data using native features and open-source tools.[2]

APT42 activities have been linked to Magic Hound by other commercial vendors. While there are behavior and software overlaps between Magic Hound and APT42, they appear to be distinct entities and are tracked as separate entities by their originating vendor.

Relationship explorer

All related ATT&CK context

Change history

Object version and sync metadata

The fields below describe the current mirrored snapshot. When Glexia retains multiple ATT&CK source imports, you can open the table to compare the same object across releases (hashes and MITRE timestamps). For MITRE’s own release notes and roadmap, see ATT&CK resources — Updates .

ATT&CK release
19.1
Object version
1.0
Created
Modified
Raw hash
bb78aa9a4a9a36c8...
Imported snapshots across ATT&CK releases (1)
Release Bundle imported Object version Modified Status Raw hash
19.1 1.0 Current bundle bb78aa9a4a9a…
Raw source

Mirrored ATT&CK source object

The raw object is retained through the mirrored ATT&CK source bundle and object hash. The raw endpoint returns the exact object from the mirrored bundle when available.

Source references

External references and citations

MITRE external references are preserved separately from Glexia analysis so citations remain traceable to their original source records.

  1. [1]
    Mandiant APT42-untangling

    Rozmann, O., et al. (2024, May 1). Uncharmed: Untangling Iran's APT42 Operations. Retrieved October 9, 2024.

    Open source URL
  2. [2]
    mitre-attack S1192
    Open source URL
Source and licensing

Source: MITRE ATT&CK®. © 2026 The MITRE Corporation. This work is reproduced and distributed with the permission of The MITRE Corporation. MITRE ATT&CK and ATT&CK are registered trademarks of The MITRE Corporation. Glexia is not affiliated with or endorsed by MITRE.