CWE-1429: Missing Security-Relevant Feedback for… | Glexia
CWE-1429 (Missing Security-Relevant Feedback for Unexecuted Operations in Hardware Interface) weakness overview with consequences, detection methods, mitigations,…
Glexia's Take · Automated analysis
CWE-1429: Missing Security-Relevant Feedback for Unexecuted Operations in Hardware Interface
Missing Security-Relevant Feedback for Unexecuted Operations in Hardware Interface represents a recurring weakness pattern that can create exploitable paths when design, validation, or implementation controls are missing.
Executive Impact
- Confidentiality: Read Memory Read Files or Directories: Critical data may be exposed if operations are unexecuted or discarded silently, allowing attackers to exploit the lack of feedback.
- Integrity: Modify Memory Modify Files or Directories: Operations may proceed based on incorrect assumptions, potentially causing data corruption or incorrect system behavior. In integrity-sensitive contexts, failing to signal that an operation did not occur as expected can mask errors that disrupt data consistency. Without feedback, the mitigation measures that should ensure updates have been performed cannot be verified, leaving the system vulnerable to both accidental and malicious data alterations.
- Availability: DoS: Resource Consumption (Memory) DoS: Crash, Exit, or Restart: Unhandled discarded operations can lead to resource exhaustion, triggering system crashes or denial of service. For availability, consistent feedback is crucial. Without proper notification of discarded operations, administrators or other authorized entities might miss early warning signs of resource imbalances. This delayed detection could allow a DoS condition to develop, compromising the system's ability to serve legitimate requests and maintain continuous operations.
Developer Pattern
CWE-1429 is the kind of defect developers can usually prevent with explicit validation, safer framework defaults, and tests that exercise hostile input or unsafe state transitions.
Automation confidence
high confidence from CWE-1429, 4.20.
Generated from the cited source records. This long-tail analysis has not been individually reviewed by a named human.
Official CWE Definition
CWE-1429: Missing Security-Relevant Feedback for Unexecuted Operations in Hardware Interface
The product has a hardware interface that silently discards operations in situations for which feedback would be security-relevant, such as the timely detection of failures or attacks.
While some systems intentionally withhold feedback as a security measure, this approach must be strictly controlled to ensure it does not obscure operational failures that require prompt detection and remediation. Without these essential confirmations, failures go undetected, increasing the risk of data loss, security vulnerabilities, and overall system instability. Even when withholding feedback is an intentional part of a security policy designed, for example, to prevent attackers from gleaning sensitive internal details, the absence of expected feedback becomes a critical weakness when it masks operational failures that require prompt detection and remediation. For instance, certain encryption algorithms always return ciphertext regardless of errors to prevent attackers from gaining insight into internal state details. However, if such an algorithm fails to generate the expected ciphertext and provides no error feedback, the system cannot distinguish between a legitimate output and a malfunction. This can lead to undetected cryptographic failures, potentially compromising data security and system reliability. Without proper notification, a critical failure might remain hidden, undermining both the reliability and security of the process. Therefore, this weakness captures issues across various hardware interfaces where operations are discarded without any feedback, error handling, or logging. Such omissions can lead to data loss, security vulnerabilities, and system instability, with potential impacts ranging from minor to catastrophic. For some kinds of hardware products, some errors may be correctly identified and subsequently discarded, and the lack of feedback may have been an intentional design decision. However, this could result in a weakness if system operators or other authorized entities are not provided feedback about security-critical operations or failures that could prevent the operators from detecting and responding to an attack. For example: In a System-on-Chip (SoC) platform, write operations to reserved memory addresses might be correctly identified as invalid and subsequently discarded. However, if no feedback is provided to system operators, they may misinterpret the device's state, failing to recognize conditions that could lead to broader failures or security vulnerabilities. For example, if an attacker attempts unauthorized writes to protected regions, the system may silently discard these writes without alerting security mechanisms. This lack of feedback could obscure intrusion attempts or misconfigurations, increasing the risk of unnoticed system compromise Microcontroller Interrupt Systems: When interrupts are silently ignored due to priority conflicts or internal errors without notifying higher-level control, it becomes challenging to diagnose system failures or detect potential security breaches in a timely manner. Network Interface Controllers: Dropping packets - perhaps due to buffer overflows - without any error feedback can not only cause data loss but may also contribute to exploitable timing discrepancies that reveal sensitive internal processing details.
Developer And Remediation Guidance
How teams prevent and detect this weakness
Causes
- This code creates an interrupt handler. If the interrupt's priority is lower than the currently active one, the interrupt is discarded without any feedback, perhaps due to resource constraints. The omission of feedback for the dropped lower-priority interrupt can cause developers to misinterpret the state of the system, leading to incorrect assumptions and potential system failures, such as missed sensor readings. Attackers might leverage this lack of visibility to induce conditions that lead to timing side-channels. For example, an attacker could intentionally flood the system with high-priority interrupts, forcing the system to discard lower-priority interrupts consistently. If these discarded interrupts correspond to processes executing critical security functions (e.g., cryptographic key handling), an attacker might measure system timing variations to infer when and how those functions are executing. This creates a timing side channel that could be used to extract sensitive information. Moreover, since these lower-priority interrupts are not reported, the system remains unaware that critical tasks such as sensor data collection or maintenance routines, are being starved of execution. Over time, this can lead to functional failures or watchdog time resets in real-time systems. One way to address this problem could be to use structured logging to provide visibility into discarded interrupts. This allows administrators, developers, or other authorized entities to track missed interrupts and optimize the system.
- Consider a SoC design with these component IPs: IP 1. Execution Core <--> IP 2 SoC Fabric (NoC, tile etc. ) <--> IP 3 Memory Controller <--> External/ internal memory. The Core executes operations that trigger transactions that traverse the HW fabric links to read/write to the final memory module. There can be unexpected errors in each link. For adding reliability and redundance, features like ECCs are used in these transactions. Error correction capabilities have to define how many error bits can be detected and which errors can be corrected, and which are uncorrectable errors. In design, often the severity level and response on different errors is allowed to be configured by system firmware modules like BIOS. For system security, if an uncorrectable error occurs but is not reported to the execution core and handled before the core attempts to consume the data that is read/written through the corrupted transactions, then this could enable silent data corruption (SDC) attacks. In the case of confidential compute technologies where system firmware is not a trusted component, error handling controls can be misconfigured to trigger this weakness and attack the assets protected by confidential compute.
Remediation
- Architecture and Design: Incorporate logging and feedback mechanisms during the design phase to ensure proper handling of discarded operations.
- Implementation: Developers should ensure that every critical operation includes proper logging or error feedback mechanisms.
Detection
- Automated Static Analysis - Source Code: Scans code for missing error handling or feedback mechanisms.
- Manual Static Analysis - Source Code: Experts manually inspect the code for unhandled operations.
Mappings
Related CVEs, CWEs, and ATT&CK context
Related CWEs
ATT&CK Relevance
ATT&CK relevance is shown only when reviewed or responsibly inferred.