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CVE Record

CVE-2026-59694: Unbounded access list in mpp Tempo fee-payer inflates gas cost per payment

Improper Validation of Specified Quantity in Input in ZenHive mpp allows an unauthenticated remote client to inflate the fee-payer's gas cost per payment by a large multiplier, degrading the sponsor's operating margin. When the mpp Elixir library is configured as fee payer (fee_payer: true), MPP.Tempo.Transaction.cosign_fee_payer/3 re-signs the client-supplied base fields of the 0x76 AASigned envelope verbatim, including the EIP-2930 access list, without validating its length or contents. EIP-2930 access list entries incur intrinsic gas (~2,400 gas per address, plus 1,900 gas per storage key) charged before any opcode executes, regardless of whether the listed addresses are ever touched. A malicious client submits a valid transferWithMemo call alongside a large number of fabricated access-list entries. The server co-signs and broadcasts the transaction. The intended transfer executes normally, but the fee-payer wallet pays a large multiple of the expected gas cost with no corresponding on-chain work. At the maintainer's default of 137 access-list entries (fitting within Bandit's 10,000-byte per-header-field limit) and 100 Gwei max_fee_per_gas, per-payment gas cost rises from ~51,287 to ~380,087 gas, a 7.4x multiplier. Sustained abuse destroys the sponsor's operating margin on low-cost payments and, over time, drains the fee-payer wallet. This issue affects mpp: from 0.2.0 before 0.6.0.

HighCVSS 8.3Not KEV-listedUpdated
Glexia's TakeAutomated analysishigh

Security readout for executives and security teams

Plain-English summary

This flaw lets an unauthenticated client make a ZenHive mpp fee-payer service pay much higher blockchain gas fees for otherwise normal payments. The attacker does not need to steal funds directly; the business impact is margin loss and potential draining of the sponsor wallet over sustained abuse.

Executive priority

Prioritize remediation for any fee-sponsored payment service because abuse can convert normal transaction volume into direct operating losses. Treat as high urgency if a funded fee-payer wallet is internet-facing.

Technical view

In mpp versions 0.2.0 before 0.6.0, when fee_payer is enabled, cosign_fee_payer/3 re-signs client-supplied EIP-2930 access lists without validating length or contents. Intrinsic gas for fabricated access-list entries is charged before execution, inflating the fee-payer’s cost while the intended transfer still succeeds.

Likely exposure

Exposure is limited to deployments using ZenHive mpp versions 0.2.0 through before 0.6.0 with fee_payer: true and remote clients able to submit payments.

Exploitation context

The source bundle reports network, low-complexity, unauthenticated abuse with high integrity impact and low availability impact. CISA KEV is false, and the provided sources do not state active exploitation.

Researcher notes

The issue is an input quantity validation failure, CWE-1284. The advisory describes a default 137-entry access list fitting Bandit header limits and a 7.4x gas multiplier at 100 Gwei. Do not assume broader product impact beyond ZenHive mpp.

Mitigation direction

  • Upgrade ZenHive mpp to version 0.6.0 or later.
  • Review the vendor advisory and patch commit before deploying changes.
  • Disable fee_payer mode if not operationally required.
  • Monitor fee-payer wallets for abnormal gas cost increases.

Validation and detection

  • Inventory services using the ZenHive mpp Elixir library.
  • Confirm installed mpp versions are not 0.2.0 through before 0.6.0.
  • Check whether fee_payer: true is enabled in production configuration.
  • Review recent transactions for unusually large access lists or gas multipliers.
Prepared
Confidence
high
Sources
5

Generated from the cited source records. This long-tail analysis has not been individually reviewed by a named human.

Potential ATT&CK relevance

Conservative CVE-to-ATT&CK context

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ATT&CK lookup starting points

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cwe · low confidence lookup

CWE-1284: Exact CWE lookup

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Open ATT&CK lookup
cve · low confidence lookup

CVE-2026-59694 mapping review

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Open ATT&CK lookup
Vulnerability profileCVE Program record
Severity
High
CVSS
8.3 (4.0)
Known Exploited
No
Published

Vector: CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

Official CVE source material

CNA and ADP enrichment extracted from CVE v5

These fields come from the CVE record and ADP containers, not from Glexia's Take. They preserve time-varying source decisions such as CISA SSVC, KEV status, CVSS metrics, and provider references.

1CVSS vectors
3Timeline events
1ADP providers
5Source links

SSVC decision data

CISA-ADPCISA Coordinator
Timestamp
Version
2.0.3
Exploitation: pocAutomatable: noTechnical Impact: partial

CVSS vector scores

1 official score

We collect every scored CVSS vector available in the official CNA and ADP containers. When more than one version is present, the table keeps the source vectors side by side instead of collapsing them into the highest score.

ScoreVersionSeverityVectorExploitImpactSource
8.3CVSS 4.0HighCVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:NEEF

Vulnerability scoring details

Base CVSS 4.0 score

8.3High
CVSS 4.0 vector shape for CVE-2026-59694Attack VectorAttack ComplexityAttack RequirementsPrivileges RequiredUser InteractionVS ConfidentialityVS IntegrityVS AvailabilitySS ConfidentialitySS IntegritySS Availability

Vector: CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

Attack Vector
NetworkAdjacentLocalPhysical
Attack Complexity
LowHigh
Attack Requirements
NonePresent
Privileges Required
NoneLowHigh
User Interaction
NonePassiveActive
VS Confidentiality
HighLowNone
VS Integrity
HighLowNone
VS Availability
HighLowNone
SS Confidentiality
HighLowNone
SS Integrity
HighLowNone
SS Availability
HighLowNone

Vulnerability timeline

Timeline events are normalized from CVE metadata, CNA source timelines, ADP timelines, and KEV metadata when present.

  1. CVE reservedCVE Program

    The CVE ID was reserved by the assigning CNA.

  2. CVE publishedCVE Program

    The CVE record was published.

  3. CVE updatedCVE Program

    The CVE record metadata indicates this as the latest update time.

ADP provider summaries

CISA-ADPCISA ADP Vulnrichment
other:ssvc
Affected products

Products and packages named in the record

VendorProductVersion / packageStatus
ZenHivemppmpp, 0.2.0unaffected
ZenHivemppZenHive/mpp, d29d54e507918db00a5b65d90136b73166c017d7unaffected
Weakness

CWE details

CWE links open Glexia weakness intelligence pages with official CWE context, developer remediation guidance, and related CVE mappings.

CWE-1284 · source CWE mapping

Improper Validation of Specified Quantity in Input

Improper Validation of Specified Quantity in Input represents a recurring weakness pattern that can create exploitable paths when design, validation, or implementation controls are missing.