Security readout for executives and security teams
Plain-English summary
Kopia versions before 0.23.0 can allow unauthenticated remote code execution when its HTTP server is run in an unsafe no-password mode. This matters because Kopia handles backups; compromise could expose, alter, or destroy backup data and the host running the service.
Executive priority
Treat this as urgent for any exposed Kopia backup service. Prioritize internet-facing or broadly reachable instances first, because the vulnerable configuration can permit full host compromise without credentials.
Technical view
The issue combines missing authentication with command injection. An unauthenticated request can submit SFTP storage configuration that reaches Kopia storage creation logic. With external SSH enabled, attacker-controlled SSH options can cause the underlying ssh invocation to run unintended commands. Sources list CWE-306 and CWE-78.
Likely exposure
Exposure is most likely where Kopia <0.23.0 runs an HTTP server using --without-password, especially with --insecure or network reachability beyond localhost. Systems not running the HTTP server in that mode are not shown as affected by the provided sources.
Exploitation context
The provided bundle does not show CISA KEV listing or confirmed active exploitation. The CVSS 9.8 rating reflects unauthenticated network exploitation with high confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact when the unsafe server mode is present.
Researcher notes
Key boundaries are version <0.23.0 and HTTP server operation with no password. The source bundle identifies the vulnerable request path and storage configuration flow, but validation should avoid live exploit attempts and focus on configuration, version, and exposure evidence.
Mitigation direction
- Upgrade Kopia to version 0.23.0 or later.
- Remove --without-password from any Kopia HTTP server configuration.
- Avoid --insecure unless vendor guidance explicitly requires it.
- Restrict Kopia HTTP server access to trusted hosts or localhost.
- Review the Kopia advisory and release notes for vendor-specific guidance.
Validation and detection
- Inventory Kopia installations and record exact versions.
- Review service definitions, scripts, and containers for --without-password and --insecure.
- Confirm Kopia HTTP endpoints are not exposed to untrusted networks.
- Check logs for unexpected unauthenticated repository existence requests.
- Verify upgraded hosts report Kopia 0.23.0 or later.
Public sources used
Generated from the cited source records. This long-tail analysis has not been individually reviewed by a named human.
Conservative CVE-to-ATT&CK context
These mappings and lookup hints may be relevant to the vulnerability behavior, CWE, affected product, or exposure path. Glexia-inferred context is not an official MITRE, ATT&CK, CWE, or CVE Program mapping.
ATT&CK lookup starting points
Use these exact CWE pages and searches to review the Glexia ATT&CK library from this CVE's weakness and description context.
CWE-306: Credential and account abuse lookup
Authentication and credential weaknesses can make valid-account abuse and credential telemetry useful review starting points. Open the exact CWE lookup page first, then review the ATT&CK searches from that MITRE weakness context. This is a Glexia lookup hint, not an official ATT&CK mapping.
Open ATT&CK lookupCWE-78: Command execution behavior lookup
Command injection weaknesses can lead defenders to review execution techniques and command interpreter telemetry. Open the exact CWE lookup page first, then review the ATT&CK searches from that MITRE weakness context. This is a Glexia lookup hint, not an official ATT&CK mapping.
Open ATT&CK lookupExecution behavior lookup
The CVE wording references code or command execution, so execution technique review may help defensive triage. This is a Glexia inferred lookup path, not an official MITRE, ATT&CK, or CVE Program mapping.
Open ATT&CK lookupCredential and access behavior lookup
The CVE wording references authentication or credential exposure, so valid-account and credential-access review may help. This is a Glexia inferred lookup path, not an official MITRE, ATT&CK, or CVE Program mapping.
Open ATT&CK lookupCVE-2026-45695 mapping review
Open the CVE-to-ATT&CK bridge for reviewed, inferred, or future official mappings tied to this CVE.
Open ATT&CK lookup- Severity
- Critical
- CVSS
- 9.8 (3.1)
- Known Exploited
- No
- Published
Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
CNA and ADP enrichment extracted from CVE v5
These fields come from the CVE record and ADP containers, not from Glexia's Take. They preserve time-varying source decisions such as CISA SSVC, KEV status, CVSS metrics, and provider references.
SSVC decision data
CVSS vector scores
1 official scoreWe collect every scored CVSS vector available in the official CNA and ADP containers. When more than one version is present, the table keeps the source vectors side by side instead of collapsing them into the highest score.
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H3.95.9GitHub_MVulnerability scoring details
Base CVSS 3.1 score
9.8CriticalVector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Vulnerability timeline
Timeline events are normalized from CVE metadata, CNA source timelines, ADP timelines, and KEV metadata when present.
- CVE reservedCVE Program
The CVE ID was reserved by the assigning CNA.
- CVE publishedCVE Program
The CVE record was published.
- CVE updatedCVE Program
The CVE record metadata indicates this as the latest update time.
ADP provider summaries
Source materials
- CVE List V5 sourceCVE List V5
- https://github.com/kopia/kopia/security/advisories/GHSA-2q4c-3mrw-63c3CVE reference, GitHub_M · x_refsource_CONFIRM
- https://github.com/kopia/kopia/pull/5354CVE reference, GitHub_M · x_refsource_MISC
- https://github.com/kopia/kopia/commit/c26c6a1b9734c5089217986ffa5cd19f8a6b8900CVE reference, GitHub_M · x_refsource_MISC
- https://github.com/kopia/kopia/releases/tag/v0.23.0CVE reference, GitHub_M · x_refsource_MISC
Products and packages named in the record
CWE details
CWE links open Glexia weakness intelligence pages with official CWE context, developer remediation guidance, and related CVE mappings.
Missing Authentication for Critical Function
Missing Authentication for Critical Function represents a recurring weakness pattern that can create exploitable paths when design, validation, or implementation controls are missing.
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection') represents a recurring weakness pattern that can create exploitable paths when design, validation, or implementation controls are missing.