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CVE Record

CVE-2026-44005: vm2: Sandbox escape

vm2 is an open source vm/sandbox for Node.js. From 3.9.6 to 3.10.5, vm2's bridge exposes mutable proxies for real host-realm intrinsic prototypes and then forwards sandbox writes into the underlying host objects with otherReflectSet() and otherReflectDefineProperty(), which lets attacker-controlled JavaScript running in a default VM or inherited NodeVM mutate shared host Object.prototype, Array.prototype, and Function.prototype from inside the sandbox This vulnerability is fixed in 3.11.0.

CriticalCVSS 10Not KEV-listedUpdated
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Glexia's TakeAutomated analysiscritical

Security readout for executives and security teams

Plain-English summary

Applications using vulnerable vm2 versions to run attacker-controlled JavaScript may allow that code to alter shared Node.js host behavior. This can undermine sandbox isolation, corrupt application state, or disrupt service. The supplied CVSS rating is 10.0, making exposed deployments urgent to identify and remediate.

Executive priority

Treat as an immediate remediation priority wherever untrusted JavaScript reaches an affected vm2 sandbox. Rapidly inventory exposure, restrict risky execution paths, and upgrade. Systems bundling vm2 without processing attacker-controlled code remain affected by version but may have lower practical exposure; validate rather than assume safety.

Technical view

In vm2 3.9.6 through 3.10.5, bridge-created mutable proxies expose host-realm intrinsic prototypes. Sandbox writes are forwarded to host objects, enabling prototype mutation of Object, Array, and Function. This crosses the intended sandbox boundary and can affect host integrity and availability. Version 3.11.0 contains the stated fix.

Likely exposure

Exposure requires vm2 versions 3.9.6 through 3.10.5 and execution of attacker-controlled JavaScript in a default VM or inherited NodeVM. Risk is greatest where untrusted users, tenants, automation, or uploaded content can submit code for sandboxed execution. The sources do not quantify affected deployments.

Exploitation context

The supplied record marks this CVE as absent from KEV and provides no evidence of active exploitation. The network-based CVSS vector assumes low complexity, no privileges, and no user interaction, but actual reachability depends on whether an application accepts untrusted JavaScript and passes it to vm2.

Researcher notes

The core issue is host prototype mutation through bridge proxies and forwarded property writes, mapped to prototype pollution, improper isolation, and code-injection-related CWEs. The supplied impact emphasizes host integrity and availability rather than confidentiality. No exploit status, indicators of compromise, or additional fixed branches are established by the provided bundle.

Mitigation direction

  • Upgrade vm2 to version 3.11.0 or later.
  • Prioritize services that execute externally supplied or tenant-controlled JavaScript.
  • Restrict untrusted code execution until affected services are upgraded.
  • Review applicable Red Hat guidance for packaged downstream components.

Validation and detection

  • Inventory direct and transitive vm2 dependencies and resolve deployed versions.
  • Confirm no production instance runs vm2 3.9.6 through 3.10.5.
  • Identify every pathway that submits untrusted JavaScript to VM or inherited NodeVM.
  • Run existing isolation and regression tests after upgrading to vm2 3.11.0 or later.
  • Check logs and monitoring for unexplained application state changes or service disruption.
Prepared
Confidence
high
Sources
5

Public sources used

Generated from the cited source records. This long-tail analysis has not been individually reviewed by a named human.

Potential ATT&CK relevance

Conservative CVE-to-ATT&CK context

These mappings and lookup hints may be relevant to the vulnerability behavior, CWE, affected product, or exposure path. Glexia-inferred context is not an official MITRE, ATT&CK, CWE, or CVE Program mapping.

ATT&CK lookup starting points

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cwe · low confidence lookup

CWE-1321: Exact CWE lookup

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cwe · low confidence lookup

CWE-653: Exact CWE lookup

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cwe · medium confidence lookup

CWE-94: Code execution behavior lookup

Code execution and unsafe deserialization weaknesses often justify reviewing execution behavior and process telemetry. Open the exact CWE lookup page first, then review the ATT&CK searches from that MITRE weakness context. This is a Glexia lookup hint, not an official ATT&CK mapping.

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description · low confidence lookup

Privilege behavior lookup

The CVE wording references privilege impact, so privilege escalation and authorization behavior review may help. This is a Glexia inferred lookup path, not an official MITRE, ATT&CK, or CVE Program mapping.

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cve · low confidence lookup

CVE-2026-44005 mapping review

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Vulnerability profileCVE Program record
Severity
Critical
CVSS
10 (3.1)
Known Exploited
No
Published

Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:H/A:H

Official CVE source material

CNA and ADP enrichment extracted from CVE v5

These fields come from the CVE record and ADP containers, not from Glexia's Take. They preserve time-varying source decisions such as CISA SSVC, KEV status, CVSS metrics, and provider references.

2CVSS vectors
5Timeline events
2ADP providers
6Source links

SSVC decision data

CISA-ADPCISA Coordinator
Timestamp
Version
2.0.3
Exploitation: pocAutomatable: yesTechnical Impact: total

CVSS vector scores

2 official scores

We collect every scored CVSS vector available in the official CNA and ADP containers. When more than one version is present, the table keeps the source vectors side by side instead of collapsing them into the highest score.

ScoreVersionSeverityVectorExploitImpactSource
10CVSS 3.1CriticalCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:H/A:H3.95.8GitHub_M
9.8CVSS 3.1CriticalCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H3.95.9redhat-SADP

Vulnerability scoring details

Base CVSS 3.1 score

10Critical
CVSS 3.1 vector shape for CVE-2026-44005Attack VectorAttack ComplexityPrivileges RequiredUser InteractionScopeConfidentiality ImpactIntegrity ImpactAvailability Impact

Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:H/A:H

Attack Vector
NetworkAdjacentLocalPhysical
Attack Complexity
LowHigh
Privileges Required
NoneLowHigh
User Interaction
NoneRequired
Scope
ChangedUnchanged
Confidentiality Impact
HighLowNone
Integrity Impact
HighLowNone
Availability Impact
HighLowNone

Vulnerability timeline

Timeline events are normalized from CVE metadata, CNA source timelines, ADP timelines, and KEV metadata when present.

  1. CVE reservedCVE Program

    The CVE ID was reserved by the assigning CNA.

  2. ADP timelineredhat-SADP

    Made public.

  3. CVE publishedCVE Program

    The CVE record was published.

  4. ADP timelineredhat-SADP

    Reported to Red Hat.

  5. CVE updatedCVE Program

    The CVE record metadata indicates this as the latest update time.

ADP provider summaries

CISA-ADPCISA ADP Vulnrichment
other:ssvc
redhat-SADPvm2: vm2: Sandbox Escape leading to Arbitrary Code Execution
other:Red Hat severity ratingcvssV3_1
  • 2026-05-13T18:02:09.031Z: Reported to Red Hat.
  • 2026-05-13T17:40:41.578Z: Made public.

Source materials

Affected products

Products and packages named in the record

VendorProductVersion / packageStatus
patriksimekvm2>= 3.9.6, < 3.11.0Listed
Weakness

CWE details

CWE-1321CWE-653CWE-94

CWE links open Glexia weakness intelligence pages with official CWE context, developer remediation guidance, and related CVE mappings.