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CVE Record

CVE-2026-33939: Handlebars.js has Denial of Service via Malformed Decorator Syntax in Template Compilation

Handlebars provides the power necessary to let users build semantic templates. In versions 4.0.0 through 4.7.8, when a Handlebars template contains decorator syntax referencing an unregistered decorator (e.g. `{{*n}}`), the compiled template calls `lookupProperty(decorators, "n")`, which returns `undefined`. The runtime then immediately invokes the result as a function, causing an unhandled `TypeError: ... is not a function` that crashes the Node.js process. Any application that compiles user-supplied templates without wrapping the call in a `try/catch` is vulnerable to a single-request Denial of Service. Version 4.7.9 fixes the issue. Some workarounds are available. Wrap compilation and rendering in `try/catch`. Validate template input before passing it to `compile()`; reject templates containing decorator syntax (`{{*...}}`) if decorators are not used in your application. Use the pre-compilation workflow; compile templates at build time and serve only pre-compiled templates; do not call `compile()` at request time.

HighCVSS 7.5Not KEV-listedUpdated
Glexia's TakeAutomated analysishigh

Security readout for executives and security teams

Plain-English summary

Affected applications can crash when they process a malformed, user-controlled Handlebars template. One request may interrupt the Node.js service, creating an availability risk without exposing or altering data. Risk is concentrated in services compiling untrusted templates during requests.

Executive priority

Prioritize remediation for internet-facing or business-critical services that compile user-controlled templates. Patch promptly and add containment immediately where upgrades require testing. Lower priority is reasonable only after confirming templates are trusted, precompiled, and never compiled from request data.

Technical view

Handlebars.js 4.0.0 through 4.7.8 may retrieve an undefined decorator and invoke it as a function, producing an unhandled TypeError. Applications that compile user-supplied templates without exception handling can suffer process termination. Version 4.7.9 fixes the flaw.

Likely exposure

Exposure requires an affected Handlebars.js version and a path where untrusted template content reaches runtime compilation. Services using only trusted, build-time precompiled templates are less likely to be exposed. Internet-facing template editors, rendering APIs, or similar inputs warrant urgent review.

Exploitation context

The CVSS 3.1 score is 7.5 because exploitation can be remote, unauthenticated, low-complexity, and availability-damaging. The supplied record does not identify confirmed active exploitation, and the CVE is not listed as KEV. Public proof-of-concept status is not established by the bundle.

Researcher notes

The issue maps to CWE-248 and CWE-754: an uncaught exception and inadequate handling of exceptional conditions. Impact described in the bundle is denial of service, not confidentiality or integrity compromise. Validate application-level exception boundaries because package presence alone does not establish reachability.

Mitigation direction

  • Upgrade Handlebars.js to version 4.7.9 or later.
  • Wrap template compilation and rendering in exception handling.
  • Reject decorator syntax when the application does not use decorators.
  • Prefer build-time precompilation and avoid compiling templates during requests.

Validation and detection

  • Inventory deployed Handlebars.js versions, including transitive dependencies.
  • Identify every request path that compiles user-controlled or partially controlled templates.
  • Verify malformed templates return controlled errors without terminating the Node.js process.
  • Confirm production deployments use version 4.7.9 or an applicable vendor-provided update.
  • Review monitoring for TypeError crashes and unexpected Node.js process restarts.
Prepared
Confidence
high
Sources
5

Generated from the cited source records. This long-tail analysis has not been individually reviewed by a named human.

Potential ATT&CK relevance

Conservative CVE-to-ATT&CK context

These mappings and lookup hints may be relevant to the vulnerability behavior, CWE, affected product, or exposure path. Glexia-inferred context is not an official MITRE, ATT&CK, CWE, or CVE Program mapping.

ATT&CK lookup starting points

Use these exact CWE pages and searches to review the Glexia ATT&CK library from this CVE's weakness and description context.

cwe · low confidence lookup

CWE-248: Exact CWE lookup

Use the exact CWE identifier as the starting point before reviewing related ATT&CK behavior. Open the exact CWE lookup page first, then review the ATT&CK searches from that MITRE weakness context. This is a Glexia lookup hint, not an official ATT&CK mapping.

Open ATT&CK lookup
cwe · low confidence lookup

CWE-754: Exact CWE lookup

Use the exact CWE identifier as the starting point before reviewing related ATT&CK behavior. Open the exact CWE lookup page first, then review the ATT&CK searches from that MITRE weakness context. This is a Glexia lookup hint, not an official ATT&CK mapping.

Open ATT&CK lookup
cve · low confidence lookup

CVE-2026-33939 mapping review

Open the CVE-to-ATT&CK bridge for reviewed, inferred, or future official mappings tied to this CVE.

Open ATT&CK lookup
Vulnerability profileCVE Program record
Severity
High
CVSS
7.5 (3.1)
Known Exploited
No
Published

Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

Official CVE source material

CNA and ADP enrichment extracted from CVE v5

These fields come from the CVE record and ADP containers, not from Glexia's Take. They preserve time-varying source decisions such as CISA SSVC, KEV status, CVSS metrics, and provider references.

2CVSS vectors
5Timeline events
2ADP providers
9Source links

SSVC decision data

CISA-ADPCISA Coordinator
Timestamp
Version
2.0.3
Exploitation: pocAutomatable: yesTechnical Impact: partial

CVSS vector scores

2 official scores

We collect every scored CVSS vector available in the official CNA and ADP containers. When more than one version is present, the table keeps the source vectors side by side instead of collapsing them into the highest score.

ScoreVersionSeverityVectorExploitImpactSource
7.5CVSS 3.1HighCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H3.93.6GitHub_M
7.5CVSS 3.1HighCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H3.93.6redhat-SADP

Vulnerability scoring details

Base CVSS 3.1 score

7.5High
CVSS 3.1 vector shape for CVE-2026-33939Attack VectorAttack ComplexityPrivileges RequiredUser InteractionScopeConfidentiality ImpactIntegrity ImpactAvailability Impact

Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

Attack Vector
NetworkAdjacentLocalPhysical
Attack Complexity
LowHigh
Privileges Required
NoneLowHigh
User Interaction
NoneRequired
Scope
ChangedUnchanged
Confidentiality Impact
HighLowNone
Integrity Impact
HighLowNone
Availability Impact
HighLowNone

Vulnerability timeline

Timeline events are normalized from CVE metadata, CNA source timelines, ADP timelines, and KEV metadata when present.

  1. CVE reservedCVE Program

    The CVE ID was reserved by the assigning CNA.

  2. ADP timelineredhat-SADP

    Made public.

  3. CVE publishedCVE Program

    The CVE record was published.

  4. ADP timelineredhat-SADP

    Reported to Red Hat.

  5. CVE updatedCVE Program

    The CVE record metadata indicates this as the latest update time.

ADP provider summaries

CISA-ADPCISA ADP Vulnrichment
other:ssvc
redhat-SADPhandlebars.js: Handlebars.js: Denial of Service via malformed decorator syntax in template compilation
other:Red Hat severity ratingcvssV3_1
  • 2026-03-27T22:01:36.296Z: Reported to Red Hat.
  • 2026-03-27T21:08:24.664Z: Made public.

Source materials

Affected products

Products and packages named in the record

VendorProductVersion / packageStatus
handlebars-langhandlebars.js>= 4.0.0, < 4.7.9Listed
Weakness

CWE details

CWE links open Glexia weakness intelligence pages with official CWE context, developer remediation guidance, and related CVE mappings.

CWE-248 · source CWE mapping

Uncaught Exception

Uncaught Exception represents a recurring weakness pattern that can create exploitable paths when design, validation, or implementation controls are missing.

CWE-754 · source CWE mapping

Improper Check for Unusual or Exceptional Conditions

Improper Check for Unusual or Exceptional Conditions represents a recurring weakness pattern that can create exploitable paths when design, validation, or implementation controls are missing.