Security readout for executives and security teams
Plain-English summary
CVE-2026-28461 is a high-severity availability issue in OpenClaw before 2026.3.1. An unauthenticated remote attacker can make the Zalo webhook accumulate memory by varying query strings, potentially causing instability or out-of-memory service disruption.
Executive priority
Prioritize remediation for internet-reachable OpenClaw systems using Zalo integration. The issue is availability-focused, but unauthenticated remote triggering makes service disruption plausible without valid credentials.
Technical view
The flaw is CWE-770: allocation of resources without limits. The vulnerable Zalo webhook appears to retain in-memory keys derived from changing query strings, causing unbounded memory growth. CVSS 4.0 is 8.7 with network attack vector, low complexity, no privileges, no user interaction, and high availability impact.
Likely exposure
Organizations may be exposed if they run OpenClaw earlier than 2026.3.1 and the Zalo webhook endpoint is reachable from untrusted networks. The provided CVE data does not identify affected CPEs or deployment prevalence.
Exploitation context
The source bundle describes unauthenticated remote triggering through repeated requests with varied query parameters. KEV is false, and the provided sources do not state active exploitation in the wild.
Researcher notes
Evidence is limited to the CVE record and advisory metadata in the bundle. Do not infer confidentiality or integrity impact; the stated impact is high availability loss through unbounded memory growth.
Mitigation direction
- Upgrade OpenClaw to 2026.3.1 or later where applicable.
- Review the GitHub advisory for vendor-confirmed remediation guidance.
- Restrict webhook exposure to required trusted paths where operationally feasible.
- Monitor memory pressure and restart instability until remediation is complete.
Validation and detection
- Inventory OpenClaw deployments and confirm running versions.
- Identify whether the Zalo webhook endpoint is enabled and externally reachable.
- Review logs for abnormal query-string variation against the webhook.
- Check runtime memory trends for unexplained growth or crashes.
Public sources used
Generated from the cited source records. This long-tail analysis has not been individually reviewed by a named human.
Conservative CVE-to-ATT&CK context
These mappings and lookup hints may be relevant to the vulnerability behavior, CWE, affected product, or exposure path. Glexia-inferred context is not an official MITRE, ATT&CK, CWE, or CVE Program mapping.
ATT&CK lookup starting points
Use these exact CWE pages and searches to review the Glexia ATT&CK library from this CVE's weakness and description context.
CWE-770: Exact CWE lookup
Use the exact CWE identifier as the starting point before reviewing related ATT&CK behavior. Open the exact CWE lookup page first, then review the ATT&CK searches from that MITRE weakness context. This is a Glexia lookup hint, not an official ATT&CK mapping.
Open ATT&CK lookupCVE-2026-28461 mapping review
Open the CVE-to-ATT&CK bridge for reviewed, inferred, or future official mappings tied to this CVE.
Open ATT&CK lookup- Severity
- High
- CVSS
- 8.7 (4.0)
- Known Exploited
- No
- Published
Vector: CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
CNA and ADP enrichment extracted from CVE v5
These fields come from the CVE record and ADP containers, not from Glexia's Take. They preserve time-varying source decisions such as CISA SSVC, KEV status, CVSS metrics, and provider references.
SSVC decision data
CVSS vector scores
2 official scoresWe collect every scored CVSS vector available in the official CNA and ADP containers. When more than one version is present, the table keeps the source vectors side by side instead of collapsing them into the highest score.
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N——VulnCheckCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H3.93.6VulnCheckVulnerability scoring details
Base CVSS 4.0 score
8.7HighVector: CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
Base CVSS 3.1 score
7.5HighVector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
Vulnerability timeline
Timeline events are normalized from CVE metadata, CNA source timelines, ADP timelines, and KEV metadata when present.
- CVE reservedCVE Program
The CVE ID was reserved by the assigning CNA.
- CVE publishedCVE Program
The CVE record was published.
- CVE updatedCVE Program
The CVE record metadata indicates this as the latest update time.
ADP provider summaries
Source materials
- CVE List V5 sourceCVE List V5
- GitHub Security Advisory (GHSA-wr6m-jg37-68xh)CVE reference, VulnCheck · vendor-advisory
- VulnCheck Advisory: OpenClaw < 2026.3.1 - Unbounded Memory Growth in Zalo Webhook via Query String Key ChurnCVE reference, VulnCheck · third-party-advisory
Products and packages named in the record
CWE details
CWE links open Glexia weakness intelligence pages with official CWE context, developer remediation guidance, and related CVE mappings.
Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling
Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling represents a recurring weakness pattern that can create exploitable paths when design, validation, or implementation controls are missing.