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CVE Record

CVE-2026-27577: n8n: Expression Sandbox Escape Leads to RCE

n8n is an open source workflow automation platform. Prior to versions 2.10.1, 2.9.3, and 1.123.22, additional exploits in the expression evaluation of n8n have been identified and patched following CVE-2025-68613. An authenticated user with permission to create or modify workflows could abuse crafted expressions in workflow parameters to trigger unintended system command execution on the host running n8n. The issues have been fixed in n8n versions 2.10.1, 2.9.3, and 1.123.22. Users should upgrade to one of these versions or later to remediate all known vulnerabilities. If upgrading is not immediately possible, administrators should consider the following temporary mitigations. Limit workflow creation and editing permissions to fully trusted users only, and/or deploy n8n in a hardened environment with restricted operating system privileges and network access to reduce the impact of potential exploitation. These workarounds do not fully remediate the risk and should only be used as short-term mitigation measures.

CriticalCVSS 9.4Not KEV-listedUpdated
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Glexia's TakeAutomated analysiscritical

Security readout for executives and security teams

Plain-English summary

A low-privileged but authorized n8n workflow editor can use a malicious expression to run system commands on the n8n host. Successful abuse could expose data, alter workflows, disrupt service, and affect connected systems. The flaw is critical, but the supplied sources do not establish active exploitation.

Executive priority

Prioritize remediation immediately for affected deployments, especially those with multiple workflow editors or powerful host access. Require prompt version verification and upgrade ownership. Temporary permission and isolation controls are appropriate only while the upgrade is being completed. Escalate suspected command execution to incident response.

Technical view

CVE-2026-27577 is a CWE-94 expression-sandbox escape affecting n8n before 1.123.22, versions 2.0.0 through 2.9.2, and 2.10.0. Crafted expressions in workflow parameters can produce unintended host command execution without user interaction. The supplied CVSS 4.0 score is 9.4.

Likely exposure

Exposure exists where affected n8n versions allow authenticated users to create or modify workflows. Risk increases when those permissions extend beyond fully trusted users or the n8n host has broad operating-system privileges and network access. The bundle does not quantify deployment prevalence or identify specific exposed organizations.

Exploitation context

Exploitation requires authentication and workflow creation or editing permission; no victim interaction is required. Network reachability is reflected in the supplied CVSS vector. The bundle marks this CVE as absent from KEV and provides no cited evidence of active exploitation, public proof-of-concept availability, or observed attacks.

Researcher notes

This advisory describes additional expression-evaluation exploits identified after CVE-2025-68613. That history suggests earlier remediation alone may not cover these variants. The source bundle identifies two fixing commits, but it does not provide sufficient evidence here to characterize bypass mechanics, indicators, exploit reliability, or exploitation in the wild.

Mitigation direction

  • Upgrade to n8n 1.123.22, 2.9.3, 2.10.1, or a later applicable version.
  • Restrict workflow creation and editing to fully trusted users until upgrading.
  • Reduce the n8n host's operating-system privileges and network access.
  • Treat temporary restrictions as risk reduction, not complete remediation.

Validation and detection

  • Inventory every n8n deployment and record its exact installed version.
  • Confirm each deployment is on 1.123.22, 2.9.3, 2.10.1, or later.
  • Review which authenticated accounts can create or modify workflows.
  • Verify n8n runs with restricted host privileges and network access.
  • Review relevant workflow changes and host activity for unexpected command execution.
Prepared
Confidence
high
Sources
5

Public sources used

Generated from the cited source records. This long-tail analysis has not been individually reviewed by a named human.

Potential ATT&CK relevance

Conservative CVE-to-ATT&CK context

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ATT&CK lookup starting points

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cwe · medium confidence lookup

CWE-94: Code execution behavior lookup

Code execution and unsafe deserialization weaknesses often justify reviewing execution behavior and process telemetry. Open the exact CWE lookup page first, then review the ATT&CK searches from that MITRE weakness context. This is a Glexia lookup hint, not an official ATT&CK mapping.

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description · low confidence lookup

Execution behavior lookup

The CVE wording references code or command execution, so execution technique review may help defensive triage. This is a Glexia inferred lookup path, not an official MITRE, ATT&CK, or CVE Program mapping.

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description · low confidence lookup

Privilege behavior lookup

The CVE wording references privilege impact, so privilege escalation and authorization behavior review may help. This is a Glexia inferred lookup path, not an official MITRE, ATT&CK, or CVE Program mapping.

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cve · low confidence lookup

CVE-2026-27577 mapping review

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Vulnerability profileCVE Program record
Severity
Critical
CVSS
9.4 (4.0)
Known Exploited
No
Published

Vector: CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H

Official CVE source material

CNA and ADP enrichment extracted from CVE v5

These fields come from the CVE record and ADP containers, not from Glexia's Take. They preserve time-varying source decisions such as CISA SSVC, KEV status, CVSS metrics, and provider references.

1CVSS vectors
3Timeline events
1ADP providers
6Source links

SSVC decision data

CISA-ADPCISA Coordinator
Timestamp
Version
2.0.3
Exploitation: noneAutomatable: noTechnical Impact: total

CVSS vector scores

1 official score

We collect every scored CVSS vector available in the official CNA and ADP containers. When more than one version is present, the table keeps the source vectors side by side instead of collapsing them into the highest score.

ScoreVersionSeverityVectorExploitImpactSource
9.4CVSS 4.0CriticalCVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H——GitHub_M

Vulnerability scoring details

Base CVSS 4.0 score

9.4Critical
CVSS 4.0 vector shape for CVE-2026-27577Attack VectorAttack ComplexityAttack RequirementsPrivileges RequiredUser InteractionVS ConfidentialityVS IntegrityVS AvailabilitySS ConfidentialitySS IntegritySS Availability

Vector: CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H

Attack Vector
NetworkAdjacentLocalPhysical
Attack Complexity
LowHigh
Attack Requirements
NonePresent
Privileges Required
NoneLowHigh
User Interaction
NonePassiveActive
VS Confidentiality
HighLowNone
VS Integrity
HighLowNone
VS Availability
HighLowNone
SS Confidentiality
HighLowNone
SS Integrity
HighLowNone
SS Availability
HighLowNone

Vulnerability timeline

Timeline events are normalized from CVE metadata, CNA source timelines, ADP timelines, and KEV metadata when present.

  1. CVE reservedCVE Program

    The CVE ID was reserved by the assigning CNA.

  2. CVE publishedCVE Program

    The CVE record was published.

  3. CVE updatedCVE Program

    The CVE record metadata indicates this as the latest update time.

ADP provider summaries

CISA-ADPCISA ADP Vulnrichment
other:ssvc

Source materials

Affected products

Products and packages named in the record

VendorProductVersion / packageStatus
n8n-ion8n< 1.123.22, >= 2.0.0, < 2.9.3, >= 2.10.0, < 2.10.1Listed
Weakness

CWE details

CWE-94

CWE links open Glexia weakness intelligence pages with official CWE context, developer remediation guidance, and related CVE mappings.

CWE-94 · source CWE mapping

Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')

Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection') represents a recurring weakness pattern that can create exploitable paths when design, validation, or implementation controls are missing.

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