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CVE Record

CVE-2026-23224: erofs: fix UAF issue for file-backed mounts w/ directio option

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: erofs: fix UAF issue for file-backed mounts w/ directio option [ 9.269940][ T3222] Call trace: [ 9.269948][ T3222] ext4_file_read_iter+0xac/0x108 [ 9.269979][ T3222] vfs_iocb_iter_read+0xac/0x198 [ 9.269993][ T3222] erofs_fileio_rq_submit+0x12c/0x180 [ 9.270008][ T3222] erofs_fileio_submit_bio+0x14/0x24 [ 9.270030][ T3222] z_erofs_runqueue+0x834/0x8ac [ 9.270054][ T3222] z_erofs_read_folio+0x120/0x220 [ 9.270083][ T3222] filemap_read_folio+0x60/0x120 [ 9.270102][ T3222] filemap_fault+0xcac/0x1060 [ 9.270119][ T3222] do_pte_missing+0x2d8/0x1554 [ 9.270131][ T3222] handle_mm_fault+0x5ec/0x70c [ 9.270142][ T3222] do_page_fault+0x178/0x88c [ 9.270167][ T3222] do_translation_fault+0x38/0x54 [ 9.270183][ T3222] do_mem_abort+0x54/0xac [ 9.270208][ T3222] el0_da+0x44/0x7c [ 9.270227][ T3222] el0t_64_sync_handler+0x5c/0xf4 [ 9.270253][ T3222] el0t_64_sync+0x1bc/0x1c0 EROFS may encounter above panic when enabling file-backed mount w/ directio mount option, the root cause is it may suffer UAF in below race condition: - z_erofs_read_folio wq s_dio_done_wq - z_erofs_runqueue - erofs_fileio_submit_bio - erofs_fileio_rq_submit - vfs_iocb_iter_read - ext4_file_read_iter - ext4_dio_read_iter - iomap_dio_rw : bio was submitted and return -EIOCBQUEUED - dio_aio_complete_work - dio_complete - dio->iocb->ki_complete (erofs_fileio_ki_complete()) - kfree(rq) : it frees iocb, iocb.ki_filp can be UAF in file_accessed(). - file_accessed : access NULL file point Introduce a reference count in struct erofs_fileio_rq, and initialize it as two, both erofs_fileio_ki_complete() and erofs_fileio_rq_submit() will decrease reference count, the last one decreasing the reference count to zero will free rq.

HighCVSS 7.8Not KEV-listedUpdated
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Glexia's TakeAutomated analysishigh

Security readout for executives and security teams

Plain-English summary

A Linux kernel bug in EROFS can trigger use-after-free memory access when file-backed mounts use the directio option. The CVSS score is high because local authenticated access could lead to serious confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact. The supplied sources describe kernel panic behavior and stable kernel fixes, but no active exploitation evidence.

Executive priority

Prioritize patching where Linux hosts allow local users, shared workloads, or services to create or mount EROFS file-backed images. Treat as high urgency for affected fleets, but do not assume internet-exposed remote compromise from the supplied evidence.

Technical view

The race occurs between EROFS file-backed direct I/O request submission and asynchronous completion. The completion path can free the request while the submit path still uses iocb-related state, causing UAF. The kernel fix adds reference counting to erofs_fileio_rq so the request is freed only after both paths release it.

Likely exposure

Exposure is most likely on Linux systems running affected kernels where EROFS file-backed mounts with the directio mount option are used or permitted. Environments that do not use EROFS, file-backed mounts, or directio are less likely exposed based on the supplied description.

Exploitation context

CISA KEV status is false in the supplied bundle, and no cited source states active exploitation. The CVSS vector indicates local access with low privileges, no user interaction, and high potential impact. The source evidence describes a race condition and panic, not public exploitation.

Researcher notes

Key constraints are EROFS, file-backed mounts, and directio. Validate vendor backports rather than relying only on upstream version strings. The affected version data in the bundle is not enough to map every distribution kernel precisely.

Mitigation direction

  • Apply vendor kernel updates or stable Linux fixes for CVE-2026-23224.
  • Avoid EROFS file-backed mounts with directio until patched, if operationally feasible.
  • Restrict users or services able to mount or manage filesystem images.
  • Monitor Linux distribution advisories for backported fixed kernel packages.

Validation and detection

  • Inventory Linux kernel versions across systems using EROFS.
  • Check mount configuration and runtime mounts for erofs with directio.
  • Confirm the running kernel includes a vendor fix or referenced stable commits.
  • Review crash logs for matching EROFS direct I/O call traces.
Prepared
Confidence
high
Sources
6

Public sources used

Generated from the cited source records. This long-tail analysis has not been individually reviewed by a named human.

Potential ATT&CK relevance

Conservative CVE-to-ATT&CK context

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CVE-2026-23224 mapping review

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Vulnerability profileCVE Program record
Severity
High
CVSS
7.8 (3.1)
Known Exploited
No
Published

Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Official CVE source material

CNA and ADP enrichment extracted from CVE v5

These fields come from the CVE record and ADP containers, not from Glexia's Take. They preserve time-varying source decisions such as CISA SSVC, KEV status, CVSS metrics, and provider references.

1CVSS vectors
3Timeline events
0ADP providers
5Source links

CVSS vector scores

1 official score

We collect every scored CVSS vector available in the official CNA and ADP containers. When more than one version is present, the table keeps the source vectors side by side instead of collapsing them into the highest score.

ScoreVersionSeverityVectorExploitImpactSource
7.8CVSS 3.1HighCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H1.85.9Linux

Vulnerability scoring details

Base CVSS 3.1 score

7.8High
CVSS 3.1 vector shape for CVE-2026-23224Attack VectorAttack ComplexityPrivileges RequiredUser InteractionScopeConfidentiality ImpactIntegrity ImpactAvailability Impact

Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Attack Vector
NetworkAdjacentLocalPhysical
Attack Complexity
LowHigh
Privileges Required
NoneLowHigh
User Interaction
NoneRequired
Scope
ChangedUnchanged
Confidentiality Impact
HighLowNone
Integrity Impact
HighLowNone
Availability Impact
HighLowNone

Vulnerability timeline

Timeline events are normalized from CVE metadata, CNA source timelines, ADP timelines, and KEV metadata when present.

  1. CVE reservedCVE Program

    The CVE ID was reserved by the assigning CNA.

  2. CVE publishedCVE Program

    The CVE record was published.

  3. CVE updatedCVE Program

    The CVE record metadata indicates this as the latest update time.

Source materials

Affected products

Products and packages named in the record

VendorProductVersion / packageStatus
LinuxLinuxfb176750266a3d7f42ebdcf28e8ba40350b27847, fb176750266a3d7f42ebdcf28e8ba40350b27847, fb176750266a3d7f42ebdcf28e8ba40350b27847, fb176750266a3d7f42ebdcf28e8ba40350b27847unaffected
LinuxLinux6.12, 0, 6.12.72, 6.18.11, 6.19.1, 7.0affected
Weakness

CWE details

No CWE listed

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