Security readout for executives and security teams
Plain-English summary
CVE-2025-51628 is an IDOR flaw in Agenzia Impresa Eccobook’s PdfHandler. An unauthenticated attacker could read confidential documents by manipulating a document identifier. The business risk is unauthorized disclosure of sensitive files, not system takeover. Public sources do not indicate active exploitation or an available vendor patch.
Executive priority
Treat as high priority for any Eccobook instance handling confidential documents. Prioritize exposure reduction and vendor confirmation because no official fix is identified in the provided sources.
Technical view
The issue is CWE-639 authorization bypass through user-controlled key. Eccobook v2.81.1 and below are described as affected. The CVSS 3.1 score is 7.5: network exploitable, low complexity, no privileges, no user interaction, with high confidentiality impact and no integrity or availability impact.
Likely exposure
Organizations using internet-accessible Agenzia Impresa Eccobook, especially PdfHandler functionality, may be exposed. Risk is highest where confidential documents are stored and identifiers are predictable or accessible. The CVE metadata’s affected product fields are incomplete, so confirm product/version details directly in your environment.
Exploitation context
A public disclosure reference exists, but CISA KEV status is false in the provided bundle. There is no cited evidence of active exploitation. The flaw is attractive because it requires no authentication and targets document confidentiality.
Researcher notes
The core issue is IDOR on DocumentoId in PdfHandler, mapped to CWE-639. Avoid relying solely on CPE data because the CVE affected fields are not populated. Public disclosure exists, but source evidence does not establish exploitation in the wild.
Mitigation direction
- Identify all Eccobook deployments and confirm whether versions are 2.81.1 or below.
- Restrict public access to Eccobook until vendor guidance is confirmed.
- Contact Agenzia Impresa or support channels for patched versions or official mitigations.
- Review access controls around PdfHandler and document retrieval paths.
- Monitor logs for unusual document access patterns or sequential identifier probing.
Validation and detection
- Inventory Eccobook versions and exposed application endpoints.
- Confirm whether PdfHandler is reachable without authentication.
- Review application authorization checks for document access by identifier.
- Check logs for unauthenticated requests involving DocumentoId parameters.
- Validate remediation against vendor guidance when available.
Public sources used
Generated from the cited source records. This long-tail analysis has not been individually reviewed by a named human.
Conservative CVE-to-ATT&CK context
These mappings and lookup hints may be relevant to the vulnerability behavior, CWE, affected product, or exposure path. Glexia-inferred context is not an official MITRE, ATT&CK, CWE, or CVE Program mapping.
ATT&CK lookup starting points
Use these exact CWE pages and searches to review the Glexia ATT&CK library from this CVE's weakness and description context.
CWE-639: Exact CWE lookup
Use the exact CWE identifier as the starting point before reviewing related ATT&CK behavior. Open the exact CWE lookup page first, then review the ATT&CK searches from that MITRE weakness context. This is a Glexia lookup hint, not an official ATT&CK mapping.
Open ATT&CK lookupCVE-2025-51628 mapping review
Open the CVE-to-ATT&CK bridge for reviewed, inferred, or future official mappings tied to this CVE.
Open ATT&CK lookup- Severity
- High
- CVSS
- 7.5 (3.1)
- Known Exploited
- No
- Published
Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
CNA and ADP enrichment extracted from CVE v5
These fields come from the CVE record and ADP containers, not from Glexia's Take. They preserve time-varying source decisions such as CISA SSVC, KEV status, CVSS metrics, and provider references.
SSVC decision data
CVSS vector scores
1 official scoreWe collect every scored CVSS vector available in the official CNA and ADP containers. When more than one version is present, the table keeps the source vectors side by side instead of collapsing them into the highest score.
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N3.93.6CISA-ADPVulnerability scoring details
Base CVSS 3.1 score
7.5HighVector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
Vulnerability timeline
Timeline events are normalized from CVE metadata, CNA source timelines, ADP timelines, and KEV metadata when present.
- CVE reservedCVE Program
The CVE ID was reserved by the assigning CNA.
- CVE publishedCVE Program
The CVE record was published.
- CVE updatedCVE Program
The CVE record metadata indicates this as the latest update time.
ADP provider summaries
Source materials
- CVE List V5 sourceCVE List V5
- https://github.com/CapgeminiCisRedTeam/Disclosure/blob/main/CVE%20PoC/CVE-2025-51628%20%7C%20Eccobook.mdCVE reference, mitre
Products and packages named in the record
CWE details
CWE links open Glexia weakness intelligence pages with official CWE context, developer remediation guidance, and related CVE mappings.
Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key represents a recurring weakness pattern that can create exploitable paths when design, validation, or implementation controls are missing.