Security readout for executives and security teams
Plain-English summary
This Linux kernel issue is a local memory safety bug in the NVMe target code. A low-privileged local user may be able to read unintended stack memory or disrupt availability on affected systems. It is important for shared Linux hosts and systems exposing NVMe target functionality.
Executive priority
Treat as high priority for Linux fleets with shared local access or NVMe target use. It is not supported as internet-exploited from the provided evidence, but confidentiality and availability impacts justify timely patching.
Technical view
nvmet_ctrl_state_show() iterates past the sparse csts_state_names[] array, causing a potential out-of-bounds stack read. The CVE maps this to CWE-125 with local attack vector, low complexity, low privileges, high confidentiality impact, and high availability impact.
Likely exposure
Exposure is limited to affected Linux kernel builds, especially systems using or enabling the NVMe target subsystem. The provided version data is incomplete and should be validated against vendor kernel advisories and the referenced upstream stable fixes.
Exploitation context
The source bundle does not show CISA KEV listing or any cited evidence of active exploitation. CVSS indicates exploitation requires local access with low privileges and no user interaction. No remote exploitation evidence is provided.
Researcher notes
The strongest evidence is the upstream Linux fix description and CVSS vector. Affected version data in the bundle is sparse and duplicated, so precise exposure requires vendor package mapping. Avoid assuming exploit availability or broader product impact.
Mitigation direction
- Apply vendor kernel updates containing the referenced stable Linux fixes.
- Check distribution advisories for exact fixed kernel package versions.
- Prioritize shared hosts and systems with NVMe target functionality enabled.
- Restrict unnecessary local user access until patched.
- Follow vendor guidance if backported fixes use different version numbers.
Validation and detection
- Inventory Linux kernel versions across affected hosts.
- Identify systems using or loading NVMe target functionality.
- Compare installed kernels with vendor advisories and referenced stable commits.
- Confirm patched kernels are booted, not only installed.
- Monitor vendor security notes for corrected affected-version ranges.
Public sources used
Generated from the cited source records. This long-tail analysis has not been individually reviewed by a named human.
Conservative CVE-to-ATT&CK context
These mappings and lookup hints may be relevant to the vulnerability behavior, CWE, affected product, or exposure path. Glexia-inferred context is not an official MITRE, ATT&CK, CWE, or CVE Program mapping.
ATT&CK lookup starting points
Use these exact CWE pages and searches to review the Glexia ATT&CK library from this CVE's weakness and description context.
CWE-125: Exact CWE lookup
Use the exact CWE identifier as the starting point before reviewing related ATT&CK behavior. Open the exact CWE lookup page first, then review the ATT&CK searches from that MITRE weakness context. This is a Glexia lookup hint, not an official ATT&CK mapping.
Open ATT&CK lookupCVE-2025-39778 mapping review
Open the CVE-to-ATT&CK bridge for reviewed, inferred, or future official mappings tied to this CVE.
Open ATT&CK lookup- Severity
- High
- CVSS
- 7.1 (3.1)
- Known Exploited
- No
- Published
Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:H
CNA and ADP enrichment extracted from CVE v5
These fields come from the CVE record and ADP containers, not from Glexia's Take. They preserve time-varying source decisions such as CISA SSVC, KEV status, CVSS metrics, and provider references.
SSVC decision data
CVSS vector scores
1 official scoreWe collect every scored CVSS vector available in the official CNA and ADP containers. When more than one version is present, the table keeps the source vectors side by side instead of collapsing them into the highest score.
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:H1.85.2CISA-ADPVulnerability scoring details
Base CVSS 3.1 score
7.1HighVector: CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:H
Vulnerability timeline
Timeline events are normalized from CVE metadata, CNA source timelines, ADP timelines, and KEV metadata when present.
- CVE reservedCVE Program
The CVE ID was reserved by the assigning CNA.
- CVE publishedCVE Program
The CVE record was published.
- CVE updatedCVE Program
The CVE record metadata indicates this as the latest update time.
ADP provider summaries
Source materials
- CVE List V5 sourceCVE List V5
- https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1adc93a525fdee8e2b311e6d5fd93eb69714ca05CVE reference, Linux
- https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8fbf37a3577b4d64c150cafde338eee17b2f2ea4CVE reference, Linux
- https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/0cc0efc58d6c741b2868d4af24874d7fec28a575CVE reference, Linux
- https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/107a23185d990e3df6638d9a84c835f963fe30a6CVE reference, Linux
Products and packages named in the record
CWE details
CWE links open Glexia weakness intelligence pages with official CWE context, developer remediation guidance, and related CVE mappings.
Out-of-bounds Read
Out-of-bounds Read represents a recurring weakness pattern that can create exploitable paths when design, validation, or implementation controls are missing.