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CVE Record

CVE-2025-39704: LoongArch: KVM: Fix stack protector issue in send_ipi_data()

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: LoongArch: KVM: Fix stack protector issue in send_ipi_data() Function kvm_io_bus_read() is called in function send_ipi_data(), buffer size of parameter *val should be at least 8 bytes. Since some emulation functions like loongarch_ipi_readl() and kvm_eiointc_read() will write the buffer *val with 8 bytes signed extension regardless parameter len. Otherwise there will be buffer overflow issue when CONFIG_STACKPROTECTOR is enabled. The bug report is shown as follows: Kernel panic - not syncing: stack-protector: Kernel stack is corrupted in: send_ipi_data+0x194/0x1a0 [kvm] CPU: 11 UID: 107 PID: 2692 Comm: CPU 0/KVM Not tainted 6.17.0-rc1+ #102 PREEMPT(full) Stack : 9000000005901568 0000000000000000 9000000003af371c 900000013c68c000 900000013c68f850 900000013c68f858 0000000000000000 900000013c68f998 900000013c68f990 900000013c68f990 900000013c68f6c0 fffffffffffdb058 fffffffffffdb0e0 900000013c68f858 911e1d4d39cf0ec2 9000000105657a00 0000000000000001 fffffffffffffffe 0000000000000578 282049464555206e 6f73676e6f6f4c20 0000000000000001 00000000086b4000 0000000000000000 0000000000000000 0000000000000000 9000000005709968 90000000058f9000 900000013c68fa68 900000013c68fab4 90000000029279f0 900000010153f940 900000010001f360 0000000000000000 9000000003af3734 000000004390000c 00000000000000b0 0000000000000004 0000000000000000 0000000000071c1d ... Call Trace: [<9000000003af3734>] show_stack+0x5c/0x180 [<9000000003aed168>] dump_stack_lvl+0x6c/0x9c [<9000000003ad0ab0>] vpanic+0x108/0x2c4 [<9000000003ad0ca8>] panic+0x3c/0x40 [<9000000004eb0a1c>] __stack_chk_fail+0x14/0x18 [<ffff8000023473f8>] send_ipi_data+0x190/0x1a0 [kvm] [<ffff8000023313e4>] __kvm_io_bus_write+0xa4/0xe8 [kvm] [<ffff80000233147c>] kvm_io_bus_write+0x54/0x90 [kvm] [<ffff80000233f9f8>] kvm_emu_iocsr+0x180/0x310 [kvm] [<ffff80000233fe08>] kvm_handle_gspr+0x280/0x478 [kvm] [<ffff8000023443e8>] kvm_handle_exit+0xc0/0x130 [kvm]

HighCVSS 8.8Not KEV-listedUpdated
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Glexia's TakeAutomated analysishigh

Security readout for executives and security teams

Plain-English summary

A stack buffer overflow in Linux KVM on LoongArch systems can corrupt the host kernel stack and cause a panic. The supplied CVSS assessment also indicates possible confidentiality and integrity impact. Organizations not using LoongArch KVM are unlikely to be exposed.

Executive priority

Treat as high priority for LoongArch KVM infrastructure, especially where less-trusted users or guests operate. Scope first: conventional x86 and Arm systems are not identified as affected. Expedite vendor-confirmed kernel updates, but do not characterize this as actively exploited based on the supplied evidence.

Technical view

send_ipi_data() supplies an undersized buffer to kvm_io_bus_read(). LoongArch IPI and EIOINTC emulation functions may write eight bytes regardless of the requested length, overflowing the stack when CONFIG_STACKPROTECTOR is enabled. The supplied trace shows stack corruption detected during KVM guest execution.

Likely exposure

Exposure is limited to affected Linux kernels on LoongArch systems using KVM. The bundle identifies versions 6.13, 6.16.4, and 6.17 as affected, but its version data is ambiguous and should be confirmed against distribution advisories and the referenced fixes.

Exploitation context

The supplied record is not in CISA KEV and provides no evidence of active exploitation or a public exploit. Its CVSS vector describes a local, low-privilege, low-complexity path without user interaction. The demonstrated result is a host kernel panic; broader impact is scored but not demonstrated here.

Researcher notes

The defect is an eight-byte write into an inadequately sized stack buffer along the LoongArch KVM I/O-bus path. Stack protection turns observed corruption into a panic. Two stable-kernel commits are cited as fixes. The bundle does not establish exploitability beyond the crash or clarify all affected and fixed release boundaries.

Mitigation direction

  • Update to a vendor-supported kernel containing one of the referenced fixes.
  • Confirm fixed package versions with the relevant Linux distribution or kernel vendor.
  • Prioritize LoongArch virtualization hosts running KVM and affected kernel versions.
  • Where updating is delayed, consider suspending untrusted KVM workloads on exposed LoongArch hosts.

Validation and detection

  • Inventory LoongArch hosts, deployed kernel versions, and active KVM usage.
  • Check whether CONFIG_STACKPROTECTOR is enabled in each relevant kernel build.
  • Verify deployed source or package changelogs include the referenced fixing commit.
  • Review kernel logs for stack-protector failures mentioning send_ipi_data or KVM panics.
  • Recheck affected-version boundaries against current vendor guidance.
Prepared
Confidence
medium
Sources
4

Public sources used

Generated from the cited source records. This long-tail analysis has not been individually reviewed by a named human.

Potential ATT&CK relevance

Conservative CVE-to-ATT&CK context

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CVE-2025-39704 mapping review

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Vulnerability profileCVE Program record
Severity
High
CVSS
8.8 (3.1)
Known Exploited
No
Published

Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

Official CVE source material

CNA and ADP enrichment extracted from CVE v5

These fields come from the CVE record and ADP containers, not from Glexia's Take. They preserve time-varying source decisions such as CISA SSVC, KEV status, CVSS metrics, and provider references.

1CVSS vectors
3Timeline events
0ADP providers
3Source links

CVSS vector scores

1 official score

We collect every scored CVSS vector available in the official CNA and ADP containers. When more than one version is present, the table keeps the source vectors side by side instead of collapsing them into the highest score.

ScoreVersionSeverityVectorExploitImpactSource
8.8CVSS 3.1HighCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H26Linux

Vulnerability scoring details

Base CVSS 3.1 score

8.8High
CVSS 3.1 vector shape for CVE-2025-39704Attack VectorAttack ComplexityPrivileges RequiredUser InteractionScopeConfidentiality ImpactIntegrity ImpactAvailability Impact

Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

Attack Vector
NetworkAdjacentLocalPhysical
Attack Complexity
LowHigh
Privileges Required
NoneLowHigh
User Interaction
NoneRequired
Scope
ChangedUnchanged
Confidentiality Impact
HighLowNone
Integrity Impact
HighLowNone
Availability Impact
HighLowNone

Vulnerability timeline

Timeline events are normalized from CVE metadata, CNA source timelines, ADP timelines, and KEV metadata when present.

  1. CVE reservedCVE Program

    The CVE ID was reserved by the assigning CNA.

  2. CVE publishedCVE Program

    The CVE record was published.

  3. CVE updatedCVE Program

    The CVE record metadata indicates this as the latest update time.

Source materials

Affected products

Products and packages named in the record

VendorProductVersion / packageStatus
LinuxLinuxdaee2f9cae5510ba1bd9eed6b0cf0ca8dc276118, daee2f9cae5510ba1bd9eed6b0cf0ca8dc276118unaffected
LinuxLinux6.13, 0, 6.16.4, 6.17affected
Weakness

CWE details

No CWE listed

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