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CVE Record

CVE-2025-38580: ext4: fix inode use after free in ext4_end_io_rsv_work()

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ext4: fix inode use after free in ext4_end_io_rsv_work() In ext4_io_end_defer_completion(), check if io_end->list_vec is empty to avoid adding an io_end that requires no conversion to the i_rsv_conversion_list, which in turn prevents starting an unnecessary worker. An ext4_emergency_state() check is also added to avoid attempting to abort the journal in an emergency state. Additionally, ext4_put_io_end_defer() is refactored to call ext4_io_end_defer_completion() directly instead of being open-coded. This also prevents starting an unnecessary worker when EXT4_IO_END_FAILED is set but data_err=abort is not enabled. This ensures that the check in ext4_put_io_end_defer() is consistent with the check in ext4_end_bio(). Otherwise, we might add an io_end to the i_rsv_conversion_list and then call ext4_finish_bio(), after which the inode could be freed before ext4_end_io_rsv_work() is called, triggering a use-after-free issue.

HighCVSS 7.8Not KEV-listedUpdated
Glexia's TakeAutomated analysishigh

Security readout for executives and security teams

Plain-English summary

A Linux ext4 filesystem flaw can leave background work referencing an inode after it has been freed. This kernel use-after-free could affect system stability and security. The assigned CVSS 7.8 score rates potential confidentiality, integrity, and availability impacts as high, but the supplied sources do not document successful exploitation.

Executive priority

Treat this as a high-priority kernel maintenance issue, especially on shared Linux systems using ext4. It is not currently supported as an emergency internet-wide exploitation event. Accelerate vendor-confirmed updates while avoiding unsupported version assumptions from the ambiguous upstream range data.

Technical view

An unnecessary deferred completion worker can be queued when no extent conversion is required. After ext4_finish_bio() runs, the inode may be freed before ext4_end_io_rsv_work() accesses it. The fixes align completion checks, avoid workers for empty or certain failed operations, and avoid journal abort attempts during emergency state.

Likely exposure

Exposure applies to systems running affected Linux kernel releases where ext4 is used. The CVSS vector indicates a local, low-privileged attack surface rather than direct remote exposure. The supplied affected-version data is ambiguous, so distribution-specific kernel builds must be checked against vendor guidance and the referenced fixes.

Exploitation context

This CVE is not listed as KEV, and the supplied sources provide no evidence of active exploitation or a public exploit. CVSS indicates local access, low complexity, low privileges, and no user interaction. Those metrics describe assessed conditions, not proof that exploitation is practical.

Researcher notes

The vulnerable lifecycle involves deferred I/O completion, i_rsv_conversion_list, ext4_finish_bio(), and later worker access to a freed inode. Review should focus on whether downstream kernels contain equivalent fixes. The source bundle does not identify a CWE, triggering workload, observed attack chain, or distribution-specific fixed package versions.

Mitigation direction

  • Apply a vendor-supported kernel update containing the applicable stable fix, then reboot into the updated kernel.
  • Use distribution guidance to identify the correct fixed kernel for each release and support channel.
  • Prioritize multi-user or untrusted-workload systems that use ext4 filesystems.

Validation and detection

  • Inventory running kernel versions and identify systems using ext4 filesystems.
  • Compare vendor kernel changelogs with the three referenced stable fixes.
  • Confirm the updated kernel is active after reboot, not merely installed.
  • Review kernel logs for ext4 errors, crashes, or use-after-free reports.
Prepared
Confidence
medium
Sources
5

Generated from the cited source records. This long-tail analysis has not been individually reviewed by a named human.

Potential ATT&CK relevance

Conservative CVE-to-ATT&CK context

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CVE-2025-38580 mapping review

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Vulnerability profileCVE Program record
Severity
High
CVSS
7.8 (3.1)
Known Exploited
No
Published

Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Official CVE source material

CNA and ADP enrichment extracted from CVE v5

These fields come from the CVE record and ADP containers, not from Glexia's Take. They preserve time-varying source decisions such as CISA SSVC, KEV status, CVSS metrics, and provider references.

1CVSS vectors
3Timeline events
0ADP providers
4Source links

CVSS vector scores

1 official score

We collect every scored CVSS vector available in the official CNA and ADP containers. When more than one version is present, the table keeps the source vectors side by side instead of collapsing them into the highest score.

ScoreVersionSeverityVectorExploitImpactSource
7.8CVSS 3.1HighCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H1.85.9Linux

Vulnerability scoring details

Base CVSS 3.1 score

7.8High
CVSS 3.1 vector shape for CVE-2025-38580Attack VectorAttack ComplexityPrivileges RequiredUser InteractionScopeConfidentiality ImpactIntegrity ImpactAvailability Impact

Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Attack Vector
NetworkAdjacentLocalPhysical
Attack Complexity
LowHigh
Privileges Required
NoneLowHigh
User Interaction
NoneRequired
Scope
ChangedUnchanged
Confidentiality Impact
HighLowNone
Integrity Impact
HighLowNone
Availability Impact
HighLowNone

Vulnerability timeline

Timeline events are normalized from CVE metadata, CNA source timelines, ADP timelines, and KEV metadata when present.

  1. CVE reservedCVE Program

    The CVE ID was reserved by the assigning CNA.

  2. CVE publishedCVE Program

    The CVE record was published.

  3. CVE updatedCVE Program

    The CVE record metadata indicates this as the latest update time.

Affected products

Products and packages named in the record

VendorProductVersion / packageStatus
LinuxLinuxce51afb8cc5e1867ea0dfdf5e92ddbe31a1fad5d, ce51afb8cc5e1867ea0dfdf5e92ddbe31a1fad5d, ce51afb8cc5e1867ea0dfdf5e92ddbe31a1fad5dunaffected
LinuxLinux6.15, 0, 6.15.10, 6.16.1, 6.17affected
Weakness

CWE details

No CWE listed

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