LiveActive security incident?Get immediate response
CVE Record

CVE-2025-38398: spi: spi-qpic-snand: reallocate BAM transactions

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: spi: spi-qpic-snand: reallocate BAM transactions Using the mtd_nandbiterrs module for testing the driver occasionally results in weird things like below. 1. swiotlb mapping fails with the following message: [ 85.926216] qcom_snand 79b0000.spi: swiotlb buffer is full (sz: 4294967294 bytes), total 512 (slots), used 0 (slots) [ 85.932937] qcom_snand 79b0000.spi: failure in mapping desc [ 87.999314] qcom_snand 79b0000.spi: failure to write raw page [ 87.999352] mtd_nandbiterrs: error: write_oob failed (-110) Rebooting the board after this causes a panic due to a NULL pointer dereference. 2. If the swiotlb mapping does not fail, rebooting the board may result in a different panic due to a bad spinlock magic: [ 256.104459] BUG: spinlock bad magic on CPU#3, procd/2241 [ 256.104488] Unable to handle kernel paging request at virtual address ffffffff0000049b ... Investigating the issue revealed that these symptoms are results of memory corruption which is caused by out of bounds access within the driver. The driver uses a dynamically allocated structure for BAM transactions, which structure must have enough space for all possible variations of different flash operations initiated by the driver. The required space heavily depends on the actual number of 'codewords' which is calculated from the pagesize of the actual NAND chip. Although the qcom_nandc_alloc() function allocates memory for the BAM transactions during probe, but since the actual number of 'codewords' is not yet know the allocation is done for one 'codeword' only. Because of this, whenever the driver does a flash operation, and the number of the required transactions exceeds the size of the allocated arrays the driver accesses memory out of the allocated range. To avoid this, change the code to free the initially allocated BAM transactions memory, and allocate a new one once the actual number of 'codewords' required for a given NAND chip is known.

HighCVSS 7.8Not KEV-listedUpdated
Glexia's TakeAutomated analysishigh

Security readout for executives and security teams

Plain-English summary

A Linux Qualcomm SPI NAND driver can write beyond allocated memory during flash operations, corrupting kernel memory. Reported outcomes include write failures and kernel panics after reboot. Because successful abuse could compromise confidentiality, integrity, and availability, affected systems should be identified and updated promptly.

Executive priority

Treat as a high-priority platform issue for systems using the affected Qualcomm NAND driver. Validate exposure immediately and schedule vendor-supported updates promptly, especially where a crash, flash corruption, or local privilege compromise would disrupt critical services. Systems without the relevant driver and hardware are unlikely to be exposed.

Technical view

The qpic-snand driver initially sizes BAM transaction arrays for one codeword before the NAND geometry is known. Operations requiring additional transactions can access beyond those arrays, causing memory corruption. The resolution reallocates BAM transaction storage after the chip’s actual codeword count becomes known. CVSS 3.1 is 7.8 with local, low-privileged access required.

Likely exposure

Exposure is limited to Linux systems using the affected Qualcomm qpic-snand driver with applicable NAND hardware. The supplied record identifies affected 6.15-series and 6.16 data, but its version notation is ambiguous. Confirm exact vulnerable and fixed package versions with the system vendor or distribution.

Exploitation context

The supplied CVSS vector describes local exploitation requiring low privileges, low complexity, and no user interaction, with potential complete confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact. Testing reproduced memory corruption and kernel panics. The supplied record is not in KEV, and no evidence of active exploitation or a public exploit is provided.

Researcher notes

The demonstrated trigger involved mtd_nandbiterrs testing, but the root cause is undersized BAM transaction arrays during flash operations. The sources establish out-of-bounds access and memory corruption, not a proven privilege-escalation exploit. Exact affected release boundaries and exploitability under ordinary workloads remain insufficiently detailed in the supplied bundle.

Mitigation direction

  • Apply a vendor-supported kernel update containing the referenced stable fix.
  • Confirm distribution advisories because the supplied affected-version notation is ambiguous.
  • Prioritize appliances or systems using Qualcomm SPI NAND hardware.
  • Restrict local access and unnecessary low-privileged accounts until patched.

Validation and detection

  • Inventory kernel versions and determine whether the qpic-snand driver is present and used.
  • Verify the installed kernel contains either referenced stable correction or its vendor backport.
  • Review logs for qcom_snand mapping failures, raw-page write failures, or related kernel panics.
  • After updating, confirm normal NAND operations and successful reboot using approved operational tests.
Prepared
Confidence
high
Sources
4

Generated from the cited source records. This long-tail analysis has not been individually reviewed by a named human.

Potential ATT&CK relevance

Conservative CVE-to-ATT&CK context

These mappings and lookup hints may be relevant to the vulnerability behavior, CWE, affected product, or exposure path. Glexia-inferred context is not an official MITRE, ATT&CK, CWE, or CVE Program mapping.

ATT&CK lookup starting points

Use these exact CWE pages and searches to review the Glexia ATT&CK library from this CVE's weakness and description context.

cve · low confidence lookup

CVE-2025-38398 mapping review

Open the CVE-to-ATT&CK bridge for reviewed, inferred, or future official mappings tied to this CVE.

Open ATT&CK lookup
Vulnerability profileCVE Program record
Severity
High
CVSS
7.8 (3.1)
Known Exploited
No
Published

Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Official CVE source material

CNA and ADP enrichment extracted from CVE v5

These fields come from the CVE record and ADP containers, not from Glexia's Take. They preserve time-varying source decisions such as CISA SSVC, KEV status, CVSS metrics, and provider references.

1CVSS vectors
3Timeline events
0ADP providers
3Source links

CVSS vector scores

1 official score

We collect every scored CVSS vector available in the official CNA and ADP containers. When more than one version is present, the table keeps the source vectors side by side instead of collapsing them into the highest score.

ScoreVersionSeverityVectorExploitImpactSource
7.8CVSS 3.1HighCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H1.85.9Linux

Vulnerability scoring details

Base CVSS 3.1 score

7.8High
CVSS 3.1 vector shape for CVE-2025-38398Attack VectorAttack ComplexityPrivileges RequiredUser InteractionScopeConfidentiality ImpactIntegrity ImpactAvailability Impact

Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Attack Vector
NetworkAdjacentLocalPhysical
Attack Complexity
LowHigh
Privileges Required
NoneLowHigh
User Interaction
NoneRequired
Scope
ChangedUnchanged
Confidentiality Impact
HighLowNone
Integrity Impact
HighLowNone
Availability Impact
HighLowNone

Vulnerability timeline

Timeline events are normalized from CVE metadata, CNA source timelines, ADP timelines, and KEV metadata when present.

  1. CVE reservedCVE Program

    The CVE ID was reserved by the assigning CNA.

  2. CVE publishedCVE Program

    The CVE record was published.

  3. CVE updatedCVE Program

    The CVE record metadata indicates this as the latest update time.

Affected products

Products and packages named in the record

VendorProductVersion / packageStatus
LinuxLinux7304d1909080ef0c9da703500a97f46c98393fcd, 7304d1909080ef0c9da703500a97f46c98393fcdunaffected
LinuxLinux6.15, 0, 6.15.6, 6.16affected
Weakness

CWE details

No CWE listed

CWE links open Glexia weakness intelligence pages with official CWE context, developer remediation guidance, and related CVE mappings.