Security readout for executives and security teams
Plain-English summary
CVE-2025-24991 is a Windows NTFS flaw that can expose sensitive information from a local system. Microsoft rates it medium, but CISA lists it in KEV, so organizations should treat it as actively exploited and prioritize patching affected Windows endpoints and servers.
Executive priority
Patch on an accelerated schedule. Although the CVSS score is medium, KEV listing means exploitation is known, and the vulnerability can disclose sensitive information from Windows systems.
Technical view
The issue is an out-of-bounds read in Windows NTFS, mapped to CWE-125. The provided CVSS vector is local attack, low complexity, no privileges, user interaction required, unchanged scope, high confidentiality impact, no integrity or availability impact.
Likely exposure
Exposure is broad across listed Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server 2008 through 2019 variants. Systems using affected NTFS components and missing Microsoft’s applicable update are the primary concern.
Exploitation context
CISA KEV status supports known exploitation. The bundle does not provide exploit mechanics, campaign details, affected file types, or indicators of compromise, so exploitation context beyond local information disclosure is incomplete.
Researcher notes
Do not infer remote exploitation or privilege escalation from the supplied data. The strongest evidence is MSRC’s advisory details, CVSS vector, CWE-125 classification, affected product list, and CISA KEV inclusion.
Mitigation direction
- Apply the Microsoft security update for CVE-2025-24991 from MSRC.
- Prioritize internet-managed laptops, shared workstations, and high-value Windows servers.
- Confirm legacy Windows Server 2008, 2012, and 2012 R2 coverage paths.
- Follow Microsoft guidance for any prerequisites or servicing-stack requirements.
Validation and detection
- Inventory affected Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server versions.
- Verify installed Microsoft updates against the CVE-2025-24991 MSRC entry.
- Check vulnerability scanner results for remaining unpatched NTFS exposure.
- Review CISA KEV due dates and internal patch SLA compliance.
Public sources used
Generated from the cited source records. This long-tail analysis has not been individually reviewed by a named human.
Conservative CVE-to-ATT&CK context
These mappings and lookup hints may be relevant to the vulnerability behavior, CWE, affected product, or exposure path. Glexia-inferred context is not an official MITRE, ATT&CK, CWE, or CVE Program mapping.
ATT&CK lookup starting points
Use these exact CWE pages and searches to review the Glexia ATT&CK library from this CVE's weakness and description context.
CWE-125: Exact CWE lookup
Use the exact CWE identifier as the starting point before reviewing related ATT&CK behavior. Open the exact CWE lookup page first, then review the ATT&CK searches from that MITRE weakness context. This is a Glexia lookup hint, not an official ATT&CK mapping.
Open ATT&CK lookupCVE-2025-24991 mapping review
Open the CVE-to-ATT&CK bridge for reviewed, inferred, or future official mappings tied to this CVE.
Open ATT&CK lookup- Severity
- Medium
- CVSS
- 5.5 (3.1)
- Known Exploited
- Yes
- Published
Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N/E:F/RL:O/RC:C
CNA and ADP enrichment extracted from CVE v5
These fields come from the CVE record and ADP containers, not from Glexia's Take. They preserve time-varying source decisions such as CISA SSVC, KEV status, CVSS metrics, and provider references.
CISA KEV status
CVSS vector scores
1 official scoreWe collect every scored CVSS vector available in the official CNA and ADP containers. When more than one version is present, the table keeps the source vectors side by side instead of collapsing them into the highest score.
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N/E:F/RL:O/RC:C1.83.6Primary CVE scoreVulnerability scoring details
Base CVSS 3.1 score
5.5MediumVector: CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N/E:F/RL:O/RC:C
Source materials
- CVE List V5 sourceCVE List V5
- Windows NTFS Information Disclosure VulnerabilityCVE reference · vendor-advisory, patch
- https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2025-24991CVE reference · government-resource
Products and packages named in the record
CWE details
CWE links open Glexia weakness intelligence pages with official CWE context, developer remediation guidance, and related CVE mappings.
Out-of-bounds Read
Out-of-bounds Read represents a recurring weakness pattern that can create exploitable paths when design, validation, or implementation controls are missing.