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CVE Record

CVE-2025-22048: LoongArch: BPF: Don't override subprog's return value

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: LoongArch: BPF: Don't override subprog's return value The verifier test `calls: div by 0 in subprog` triggers a panic at the ld.bu instruction. The ld.bu insn is trying to load byte from memory address returned by the subprog. The subprog actually set the correct address at the a5 register (dedicated register for BPF return values). But at commit 73c359d1d356 ("LoongArch: BPF: Sign-extend return values") we also sign extended a5 to the a0 register (return value in LoongArch). For function call insn, we later propagate the a0 register back to a5 register. This is right for native calls but wrong for bpf2bpf calls which expect zero-extended return value in a5 register. So only move a0 to a5 for native calls (i.e. non-BPF_PSEUDO_CALL).

UnknownCVSS not scoredNot KEV-listedUpdated
Glexia's TakeAutomated analysisunknown

Security readout for executives and security teams

Plain-English summary

This is a Linux kernel bug in LoongArch BPF handling. A specific BPF subprogram return-value path can corrupt the expected return register behavior and trigger a kernel panic. The public sources do not provide CVSS, CWE, or exploitation evidence, so urgency depends mainly on whether LoongArch Linux kernels are present in your fleet.

Executive priority

Treat this as a targeted kernel maintenance issue, not a confirmed emergency. Prioritize if the organization operates LoongArch Linux systems. If no LoongArch assets exist, business exposure is likely low, based on the provided evidence.

Technical view

The bug is in LoongArch BPF return-value handling after sign-extension changes. For bpf2bpf calls, a zero-extended return value should remain in a5, but the path could propagate a0 back into a5, unlike native calls. The fix limits a0-to-a5 movement to native calls, excluding BPF_PSEUDO_CALL.

Likely exposure

Exposure appears limited to Linux systems running affected LoongArch kernel builds. The bundle does not indicate impact to other architectures. Organizations should map kernel versions and distro backports against the CVE record and referenced stable commits.

Exploitation context

The bundle provides no evidence of active exploitation, and KEV is false. The described trigger is a verifier test causing a panic at an ld.bu instruction. Exploitation prerequisites, required privileges, and practical impact are not established in the provided sources.

Researcher notes

Key uncertainty is impact. Sources show a kernel panic during verifier testing, but do not provide CVSS, CWE, exploitability analysis, or attacker prerequisites. Research should focus on affected LoongArch kernel ranges, BPF access requirements, and distro backport status.

Mitigation direction

  • Apply vendor Linux kernel updates that include the referenced stable fixes.
  • Check distro advisories for backported fixes before relying on version numbers alone.
  • Prioritize LoongArch hosts where BPF use is allowed or expected.
  • Reboot into the updated kernel after patch installation.
  • Avoid assuming an unsupported workaround; follow kernel or distro guidance.

Validation and detection

  • Inventory hosts by CPU architecture and running Linux kernel version.
  • Identify LoongArch systems and compare them with CVE-2025-22048 affected entries.
  • Verify the running kernel includes a referenced stable fix or distro backport.
  • Confirm update deployment actually changed the booted kernel.
  • Document any unpatched LoongArch systems and compensating controls.
Prepared
Confidence
medium
Sources
7

Generated from the cited source records. This long-tail analysis has not been individually reviewed by a named human.

Potential ATT&CK relevance

Conservative CVE-to-ATT&CK context

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CVE-2025-22048 mapping review

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Vulnerability profileCVE Program record
Severity
Unknown
CVSS
Not scored
Known Exploited
No
Published
Official CVE source material

CNA and ADP enrichment extracted from CVE v5

These fields come from the CVE record and ADP containers, not from Glexia's Take. They preserve time-varying source decisions such as CISA SSVC, KEV status, CVSS metrics, and provider references.

0CVSS vectors
3Timeline events
0ADP providers
6Source links

Vulnerability timeline

Timeline events are normalized from CVE metadata, CNA source timelines, ADP timelines, and KEV metadata when present.

  1. CVE reservedCVE Program

    The CVE ID was reserved by the assigning CNA.

  2. CVE publishedCVE Program

    The CVE record was published.

  3. CVE updatedCVE Program

    The CVE record metadata indicates this as the latest update time.

Affected products

Products and packages named in the record

VendorProductVersion / packageStatus
LinuxLinux0c8d50501bc13cacecc19caaddc10db372592a39, d5d83242a1d778ceb6d8b07c6b491cf7483ca112, 73c359d1d356cf10236ccd358bd55edab33e9424, 73c359d1d356cf10236ccd358bd55edab33e9424, 73c359d1d356cf10236ccd358bd55edab33e9424, 8382e92f90b601acf6d426121e6f4991502e767d, 3b75f627b73d96787a493e2f1187543ba9c056a4, 6.6.64, 6.12.2, 6.1.120, 6.11.11unaffected
LinuxLinux6.13, 0, 6.6.87, 6.12.23, 6.13.11, 6.14.2, 6.15affected
Weakness

CWE details

No CWE listed

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