Security readout for executives and security teams
Plain-English summary
A malicious network user may be able to make a Samba Active Directory Domain Controller run unintended operating-system commands. The flaw occurs when attacker-controlled NetBIOS names in WINS registration traffic reach a configured WINS hook without safe validation. Successful exploitation could compromise confidentiality, integrity, and availability under the Samba process identity.
Executive priority
Urgent for organizations operating Samba domain controllers with WINS hook functionality. Immediately establish whether the configuration exists and is reachable, then follow vendor remediation guidance. Systems without the hook or vendor-confirmed unaffected packages have lower immediate urgency, but their status should be documented because the supplied version boundaries are incomplete.
Technical view
CVE-2025-10230 is a CWE-78 command-injection flaw in Samba’s front-end WINS hook handling. Unsanitized NetBIOS names from registration packets are inserted into a shell command. The supplied CVSS 3.1 score is 10.0, reflecting unauthenticated, low-complexity, network-reachable remote code execution with changed scope and high impact.
Likely exposure
Exposure appears limited to Samba Active Directory Domain Controllers using the WINS hook and reachable by attackers able to send WINS registration packets. The supplied affected-version data is ambiguous and marks listed Red Hat products unaffected, so configuration and vendor package status must be verified rather than inferred from version alone.
Exploitation context
The source bundle does not identify CVE-2025-10230 as CISA KEV and provides no cited evidence of active exploitation. Nevertheless, the described unauthenticated network path, low complexity, and command-execution impact make vulnerable, reachable configurations high-value targets. Treat exploit availability and observed attacks as unconfirmed.
Researcher notes
The core condition is attacker-controlled NetBIOS registration data crossing a shell-command boundary in WINS hook processing. The bundle lists versions 0, 4.22.0, and 4.23.0 without a clear affected range, while all enumerated Red Hat products are marked unaffected. No definitive fixed release, patch identifier, or exploitation evidence is supplied.
Mitigation direction
- Inventory Samba Active Directory Domain Controllers and identify systems configured with a WINS hook.
- Check Samba and operating-system vendor guidance for confirmed affected versions, patches, and supported mitigations.
- Disable unnecessary WINS hook functionality where operationally safe and supported by vendor guidance.
- Restrict WINS registration traffic to trusted networks while preserving required domain services.
- Prioritize remediation for reachable domain controllers because compromise could affect identity infrastructure.
Validation and detection
- Confirm each Samba version, package origin, and vendor-specific vulnerability status.
- Review Samba configuration for enabled WINS service and hook directives.
- Verify whether untrusted networks can reach the WINS registration service.
- After remediation, confirm the hook is disabled or the vendor-fixed package is installed.
- Review relevant Samba and system logs for unexpected hook execution or child processes.
Generated from the cited source records. This long-tail analysis has not been individually reviewed by a named human.
Conservative CVE-to-ATT&CK context
These mappings and lookup hints may be relevant to the vulnerability behavior, CWE, affected product, or exposure path. Glexia-inferred context is not an official MITRE, ATT&CK, CWE, or CVE Program mapping.
ATT&CK lookup starting points
Use these exact CWE pages and searches to review the Glexia ATT&CK library from this CVE's weakness and description context.
CWE-78: Command execution behavior lookup
Command injection weaknesses can lead defenders to review execution techniques and command interpreter telemetry. Open the exact CWE lookup page first, then review the ATT&CK searches from that MITRE weakness context. This is a Glexia lookup hint, not an official ATT&CK mapping.
Open ATT&CK lookupExecution behavior lookup
The CVE wording references code or command execution, so execution technique review may help defensive triage. This is a Glexia inferred lookup path, not an official MITRE, ATT&CK, or CVE Program mapping.
Open ATT&CK lookupContainer behavior lookup
The affected technology mentions containers, so container-specific ATT&CK technique review may help. This is a Glexia inferred lookup path, not an official MITRE, ATT&CK, or CVE Program mapping.
Open ATT&CK lookupCVE-2025-10230 mapping review
Open the CVE-to-ATT&CK bridge for reviewed, inferred, or future official mappings tied to this CVE.
Open ATT&CK lookup- Severity
- Critical
- CVSS
- 10 (3.1)
- Known Exploited
- No
- Published
Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
CNA and ADP enrichment extracted from CVE v5
These fields come from the CVE record and ADP containers, not from Glexia's Take. They preserve time-varying source decisions such as CISA SSVC, KEV status, CVSS metrics, and provider references.
SSVC decision data
CVSS vector scores
1 official scoreWe collect every scored CVSS vector available in the official CNA and ADP containers. When more than one version is present, the table keeps the source vectors side by side instead of collapsing them into the highest score.
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H3.96redhatVulnerability scoring details
Base CVSS 3.1 score
10CriticalVector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
Vulnerability timeline
Timeline events are normalized from CVE metadata, CNA source timelines, ADP timelines, and KEV metadata when present.
- Source timelineredhat
Reported to Red Hat.
- CVE reservedCVE Program
The CVE ID was reserved by the assigning CNA.
- Source timelineredhat
Made public.
- CVE publishedCVE Program
The CVE record was published.
- CVE updatedCVE Program
The CVE record metadata indicates this as the latest update time.
ADP provider summaries
Source materials
- CVE List V5 sourceCVE List V5
- https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-10230CVE reference, redhat · vdb-entry, x_refsource_REDHAT
- RHBZ#2394377CVE reference, redhat · issue-tracking, x_refsource_REDHAT
- https://www.samba.org/samba/history/security.htmlCVE reference, redhat
- https://www.vicarius.io/vsociety/posts/cve-2025-10230-detect-samba-vulnerabilityCVE reference, CVE
- https://www.vicarius.io/vsociety/posts/cve-2025-10230-mitigate-samba-vulnerabilityCVE reference, CVE
Products and packages named in the record
CWE details
CWE links open Glexia weakness intelligence pages with official CWE context, developer remediation guidance, and related CVE mappings.
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command represents a recurring weakness pattern that can create exploitable paths when design, validation, or implementation controls are missing.