Security readout for executives and security teams
Plain-English summary
Invoice Ninja versions 5.8.56 through 5.11.23 can let a logged-in user misuse PDF rendering to make the server fetch internal network resources or read files available to the application user. The main business risk is exposure of sensitive internal data, not service disruption.
Executive priority
Treat this as a near-term remediation item for any internet-accessible or multi-user Invoice Ninja deployment. The issue can expose confidential internal data, but current bundle evidence does not support emergency active-exploitation handling.
Technical view
This is an authenticated SSRF in Invoice Ninja PDF rendering, tracked as CWE-918. CVSS 3.1 is 7.7 high: network reachable, low complexity, low privileges, no user interaction, scope changed, and high confidentiality impact. Integrity and availability impacts are not identified in the source bundle.
Likely exposure
Organizations running self-hosted Invoice Ninja versions 5.8.56 through 5.11.23 are the likely exposure group. Risk is higher where authenticated users can trigger PDF generation and the server can reach internal services, metadata endpoints, or sensitive local files.
Exploitation context
The bundle does not show CISA KEV listing or cited evidence of active exploitation. Exploitation requires authenticated access, but no user interaction. The available evidence supports data exposure through server-side requests and arbitrary file read as the application user.
Researcher notes
Evidence is strong for the vulnerability class, affected range, CVSS, and patch references. The bundle is incomplete on fixed release naming, real-world exploitation, and detailed detection indicators, so avoid assuming exploit prevalence or specific remediations beyond vendor updates.
Mitigation direction
- Upgrade Invoice Ninja beyond the affected 5.8.56 through 5.11.23 range using vendor guidance.
- Review the referenced Invoice Ninja patch commit and comparison before accepting remediation as complete.
- Restrict outbound network access from the Invoice Ninja application host where operationally possible.
- Limit PDF rendering access to trusted authenticated users until remediation is verified.
- Monitor for unusual PDF generation followed by unexpected outbound requests or file access.
Validation and detection
- Inventory all Invoice Ninja deployments and record exact application versions.
- Confirm no production instance runs versions 5.8.56 through 5.11.23.
- Check whether authenticated users can trigger PDF rendering workflows.
- Review application, web, and egress logs for unusual PDF rendering activity.
- Verify the vendor patch or fixed release is present after upgrade.
Public sources used
Generated from the cited source records. This long-tail analysis has not been individually reviewed by a named human.
Conservative CVE-to-ATT&CK context
These mappings and lookup hints may be relevant to the vulnerability behavior, CWE, affected product, or exposure path. Glexia-inferred context is not an official MITRE, ATT&CK, CWE, or CVE Program mapping.
ATT&CK lookup starting points
Use these exact CWE pages and searches to review the Glexia ATT&CK library from this CVE's weakness and description context.
CWE-918: Information exposure and cloud metadata lookup
Information exposure and SSRF weaknesses can make discovery, cloud metadata, and credential material review relevant. Open the exact CWE lookup page first, then review the ATT&CK searches from that MITRE weakness context. This is a Glexia lookup hint, not an official ATT&CK mapping.
Open ATT&CK lookupCloud metadata behavior lookup
The CVE wording references SSRF or metadata access, so cloud discovery and credential material review may help. This is a Glexia inferred lookup path, not an official MITRE, ATT&CK, or CVE Program mapping.
Open ATT&CK lookupFile access behavior lookup
The CVE wording references file access or upload behavior, so file telemetry and web shell review may help. This is a Glexia inferred lookup path, not an official MITRE, ATT&CK, or CVE Program mapping.
Open ATT&CK lookupCVE-2025-0474 mapping review
Open the CVE-to-ATT&CK bridge for reviewed, inferred, or future official mappings tied to this CVE.
Open ATT&CK lookup- Severity
- High
- CVSS
- 7.7 (3.1)
- Known Exploited
- No
- Published
Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N
CNA and ADP enrichment extracted from CVE v5
These fields come from the CVE record and ADP containers, not from Glexia's Take. They preserve time-varying source decisions such as CISA SSVC, KEV status, CVSS metrics, and provider references.
SSVC decision data
CVSS vector scores
1 official scoreWe collect every scored CVSS vector available in the official CNA and ADP containers. When more than one version is present, the table keeps the source vectors side by side instead of collapsing them into the highest score.
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N3.14VulnCheckVulnerability scoring details
Base CVSS 3.1 score
7.7HighVector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N
Vulnerability timeline
Timeline events are normalized from CVE metadata, CNA source timelines, ADP timelines, and KEV metadata when present.
- CVE reservedCVE Program
The CVE ID was reserved by the assigning CNA.
- CVE publishedCVE Program
The CVE record was published.
- CVE updatedCVE Program
The CVE record metadata indicates this as the latest update time.
ADP provider summaries
Source materials
- CVE List V5 sourceCVE List V5
- https://github.com/invoiceninja/invoiceninja/commit/2a9bf353b432d7060e85487b617151ecbc36247dCVE reference, VulnCheck · patch
- https://vulncheck.com/advisories/invoice-ninja-ssrfCVE reference, VulnCheck · third-party-advisory
- https://github.com/invoiceninja/invoiceninja/compare/97ae948618230c1812f3223b80bf22dcb0382dc5..435780932fe19063001d79ba518815df62773d71CVE reference, VulnCheck · patch
Products and packages named in the record
CWE details
CWE links open Glexia weakness intelligence pages with official CWE context, developer remediation guidance, and related CVE mappings.
Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF)
Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) represents a recurring weakness pattern that can create exploitable paths when design, validation, or implementation controls are missing.