CVE-2024-43900: media: xc2028: avoid use-after-free in load_firmware_cb()
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
media: xc2028: avoid use-after-free in load_firmware_cb()
syzkaller reported use-after-free in load_firmware_cb() [1].
The reason is because the module allocated a struct tuner in tuner_probe(),
and then the module initialization failed, the struct tuner was released.
A worker which created during module initialization accesses this struct
tuner later, it caused use-after-free.
The process is as follows:
task-6504 worker_thread
tuner_probe <= alloc dvb_frontend [2]
...
request_firmware_nowait <= create a worker
...
tuner_remove <= free dvb_frontend
...
request_firmware_work_func <= the firmware is ready
load_firmware_cb <= but now the dvb_frontend has been freed
To fix the issue, check the dvd_frontend in load_firmware_cb(), if it is
null, report a warning and just return.
[1]:
==================================================================
BUG: KASAN: use-after-free in load_firmware_cb+0x1310/0x17a0
Read of size 8 at addr ffff8000d7ca2308 by task kworker/2:3/6504
Call trace:
load_firmware_cb+0x1310/0x17a0
request_firmware_work_func+0x128/0x220
process_one_work+0x770/0x1824
worker_thread+0x488/0xea0
kthread+0x300/0x430
ret_from_fork+0x10/0x20
Allocated by task 6504:
kzalloc
tuner_probe+0xb0/0x1430
i2c_device_probe+0x92c/0xaf0
really_probe+0x678/0xcd0
driver_probe_device+0x280/0x370
__device_attach_driver+0x220/0x330
bus_for_each_drv+0x134/0x1c0
__device_attach+0x1f4/0x410
device_initial_probe+0x20/0x30
bus_probe_device+0x184/0x200
device_add+0x924/0x12c0
device_register+0x24/0x30
i2c_new_device+0x4e0/0xc44
v4l2_i2c_new_subdev_board+0xbc/0x290
v4l2_i2c_new_subdev+0xc8/0x104
em28xx_v4l2_init+0x1dd0/0x3770
Freed by task 6504:
kfree+0x238/0x4e4
tuner_remove+0x144/0x1c0
i2c_device_remove+0xc8/0x290
__device_release_driver+0x314/0x5fc
device_release_driver+0x30/0x44
bus_remove_device+0x244/0x490
device_del+0x350/0x900
device_unregister+0x28/0xd0
i2c_unregister_device+0x174/0x1d0
v4l2_device_unregister+0x224/0x380
em28xx_v4l2_init+0x1d90/0x3770
The buggy address belongs to the object at ffff8000d7ca2000
which belongs to the cache kmalloc-2k of size 2048
The buggy address is located 776 bytes inside of
2048-byte region [ffff8000d7ca2000, ffff8000d7ca2800)
The buggy address belongs to the page:
page:ffff7fe00035f280 count:1 mapcount:0 mapping:ffff8000c001f000 index:0x0
flags: 0x7ff800000000100(slab)
raw: 07ff800000000100 ffff7fe00049d880 0000000300000003 ffff8000c001f000
raw: 0000000000000000 0000000080100010 00000001ffffffff 0000000000000000
page dumped because: kasan: bad access detected
Memory state around the buggy address:
ffff8000d7ca2200: fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb
ffff8000d7ca2280: fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb
>ffff8000d7ca2300: fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb
^
ffff8000d7ca2380: fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb
ffff8000d7ca2400: fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb
==================================================================
[2]
Actually, it is allocated for struct tuner, and dvb_frontend is inside.
Security readout for executives and security teams
Plain-English summary
CVE-2024-43900 is a Linux kernel memory-safety bug in the xc2028 media tuner driver. A failed device/module initialization can leave a background firmware worker using freed memory. Business risk is most relevant for systems using affected media tuner hardware or modules. No cited source indicates active exploitation.
Executive priority
Treat as a targeted kernel maintenance item, not an emergency based on current evidence. Prioritize patching exposed media-capable Linux endpoints and appliances, then include remaining Linux fleets in normal kernel update cycles.
Technical view
The flaw is a use-after-free in load_firmware_cb(). tuner_probe() allocates struct tuner, request_firmware_nowait() creates asynchronous work, tuner_remove() frees the object after initialization failure, and the worker later dereferences freed dvb_frontend data. The kernel fix checks whether the frontend pointer is null and returns with a warning.
Likely exposure
Exposure is likely limited to Linux systems with the affected xc2028 media tuner driver path enabled or hardware triggering it. General servers without media tuner devices are less likely exposed, but kernel configuration, loaded modules, and vendor backports should be checked.
Exploitation context
The issue was reported by syzkaller with KASAN evidence. The source bundle marks KEV as false and provides no public exploit or active exploitation claim. Practical exploitability is not established in the provided sources.
Researcher notes
Evidence is strong for the bug and fix path, but incomplete for CVSS, CWE, and exploitability. The CVE record’s version data is difficult to interpret without vendor-specific backport information, so validate against distribution advisories and commit inclusion.
Mitigation direction
Update to a vendor kernel containing the referenced stable Linux fixes.
Apply Debian LTS kernel updates if using affected Debian LTS packages.
If unable to update, check vendor guidance for supported temporary controls.
Prioritize assets with media capture, TV tuner, or relevant USB/I2C devices.
Validation and detection
Inventory kernels and map them to vendor advisories or stable fix commits.
Check whether xc2028-related media tuner modules are present or loaded.
Review package changelogs for CVE-2024-43900 or the stable commit references.
Confirm updated systems boot the patched kernel, not only install it.
Generated from the cited source records. This long-tail analysis has not been individually reviewed by a named human.
Potential ATT&CK relevance
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