In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
mlxsw: spectrum_acl_erp: Fix object nesting warning
ACLs in Spectrum-2 and newer ASICs can reside in the algorithmic TCAM
(A-TCAM) or in the ordinary circuit TCAM (C-TCAM). The former can
contain more ACLs (i.e., tc filters), but the number of masks in each
region (i.e., tc chain) is limited.
In order to mitigate the effects of the above limitation, the device
allows filters to share a single mask if their masks only differ in up
to 8 consecutive bits. For example, dst_ip/25 can be represented using
dst_ip/24 with a delta of 1 bit. The C-TCAM does not have a limit on the
number of masks being used (and therefore does not support mask
aggregation), but can contain a limited number of filters.
The driver uses the "objagg" library to perform the mask aggregation by
passing it objects that consist of the filter's mask and whether the
filter is to be inserted into the A-TCAM or the C-TCAM since filters in
different TCAMs cannot share a mask.
The set of created objects is dependent on the insertion order of the
filters and is not necessarily optimal. Therefore, the driver will
periodically ask the library to compute a more optimal set ("hints") by
looking at all the existing objects.
When the library asks the driver whether two objects can be aggregated
the driver only compares the provided masks and ignores the A-TCAM /
C-TCAM indication. This is the right thing to do since the goal is to
move as many filters as possible to the A-TCAM. The driver also forbids
two identical masks from being aggregated since this can only happen if
one was intentionally put in the C-TCAM to avoid a conflict in the
A-TCAM.
The above can result in the following set of hints:
H1: {mask X, A-TCAM} -> H2: {mask Y, A-TCAM} // X is Y + delta
H3: {mask Y, C-TCAM} -> H4: {mask Z, A-TCAM} // Y is Z + delta
After getting the hints from the library the driver will start migrating
filters from one region to another while consulting the computed hints
and instructing the device to perform a lookup in both regions during
the transition.
Assuming a filter with mask X is being migrated into the A-TCAM in the
new region, the hints lookup will return H1. Since H2 is the parent of
H1, the library will try to find the object associated with it and
create it if necessary in which case another hints lookup (recursive)
will be performed. This hints lookup for {mask Y, A-TCAM} will either
return H2 or H3 since the driver passes the library an object comparison
function that ignores the A-TCAM / C-TCAM indication.
This can eventually lead to nested objects which are not supported by
the library [1].
Fix by removing the object comparison function from both the driver and
the library as the driver was the only user. That way the lookup will
only return exact matches.
I do not have a reliable reproducer that can reproduce the issue in a
timely manner, but before the fix the issue would reproduce in several
minutes and with the fix it does not reproduce in over an hour.
Note that the current usefulness of the hints is limited because they
include the C-TCAM indication and represent aggregation that cannot
actually happen. This will be addressed in net-next.
[1]
WARNING: CPU: 0 PID: 153 at lib/objagg.c:170 objagg_obj_parent_assign+0xb5/0xd0
Modules linked in:
CPU: 0 PID: 153 Comm: kworker/0:18 Not tainted 6.9.0-rc6-custom-g70fbc2c1c38b #42
Hardware name: Mellanox Technologies Ltd. MSN3700C/VMOD0008, BIOS 5.11 10/10/2018
Workqueue: mlxsw_core mlxsw_sp_acl_tcam_vregion_rehash_work
RIP: 0010:objagg_obj_parent_assign+0xb5/0xd0
[...]
Call Trace:
<TASK>
__objagg_obj_get+0x2bb/0x580
objagg_obj_get+0xe/0x80
mlxsw_sp_acl_erp_mask_get+0xb5/0xf0
mlxsw_sp_acl_atcam_entry_add+0xe8/0x3c0
mlxsw_sp_acl_tcam_entry_create+0x5e/0xa0
mlxsw_sp_acl_tcam_vchunk_migrate_one+0x16b/0x270
mlxsw_sp_acl_tcam_vregion_rehash_work+0xbe/0x510
process_one_work+0x151/0x370
Security readout for executives and security teams
Plain-English summary
CVE-2024-43880 is a Linux kernel driver issue in mlxsw ACL handling for Mellanox/NVIDIA Spectrum-2 and newer switch ASICs. Under specific ACL mask aggregation conditions, the driver can create unsupported nested objects and trigger a kernel warning. Business exposure appears narrow, but the real impact is not fully described in the sources.
Executive priority
Treat this as targeted infrastructure hygiene, not a broad emergency. Prioritize kernel updates for Linux-based switching platforms or appliances using Spectrum ASICs. Severity and impact are not quantified in the supplied sources, so exposure validation matters before escalating business risk.
Technical view
The mlxsw spectrum_acl_erp logic used objagg hint lookups that ignored A-TCAM versus C-TCAM placement. During ACL region migration, recursive hint lookup could match the wrong object and create unsupported nested parent relationships in objagg. The fix removes the comparison function so lookups require exact object matches.
Likely exposure
Most relevant to Linux systems acting as switches or network appliances using the mlxsw driver with Spectrum-2 or newer ASICs and tc ACL filters. General Linux servers without this hardware and driver path are unlikely to be exposed based on the provided sources.
Exploitation context
The bundle does not show KEV listing, public exploitation, exploit code, or a reliable reproducer. The upstream text says reproduction was unreliable but occurred within minutes before the fix in the author's test environment.
Researcher notes
Key evidence is the upstream kernel description and stable fix references. The issue is logic-specific to mlxsw ACL ERP mask aggregation and objagg hint lookup behavior. Sources do not provide CVSS, CWE, confirmed crash impact, privilege requirements, or active exploitation evidence.
Mitigation direction
Update to a vendor Linux kernel containing the referenced stable fixes.
Apply Debian LTS kernel updates where the cited Debian advisories apply.
For custom kernels, review and backport the matching stable commit for the maintained branch.
Prioritize affected network appliances over general-purpose Linux hosts.
Monitor vendor advisories for any clarified impact or operational workaround.
Validation and detection
Inventory Linux systems using mlxsw with Spectrum-2 or newer ASICs.
Confirm whether tc ACL filters are deployed on those systems.
Compare running kernel versions against vendor fixed releases or referenced stable commits.
Review kernel logs for objagg or mlxsw ACL rehash warnings.
Document non-exposure for systems without the mlxsw hardware path.
Generated from the cited source records. This long-tail analysis has not been individually reviewed by a named human.
Potential ATT&CK relevance
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