CVE-2024-40912: wifi: mac80211: Fix deadlock in ieee80211_sta_ps_deliver_wakeup()
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
wifi: mac80211: Fix deadlock in ieee80211_sta_ps_deliver_wakeup()
The ieee80211_sta_ps_deliver_wakeup() function takes sta->ps_lock to
synchronizes with ieee80211_tx_h_unicast_ps_buf() which is called from
softirq context. However using only spin_lock() to get sta->ps_lock in
ieee80211_sta_ps_deliver_wakeup() does not prevent softirq to execute
on this same CPU, to run ieee80211_tx_h_unicast_ps_buf() and try to
take this same lock ending in deadlock. Below is an example of rcu stall
that arises in such situation.
rcu: INFO: rcu_sched self-detected stall on CPU
rcu: 2-....: (42413413 ticks this GP) idle=b154/1/0x4000000000000000 softirq=1763/1765 fqs=21206996
rcu: (t=42586894 jiffies g=2057 q=362405 ncpus=4)
CPU: 2 PID: 719 Comm: wpa_supplicant Tainted: G W 6.4.0-02158-g1b062f552873 #742
Hardware name: RPT (r1) (DT)
pstate: 00000005 (nzcv daif -PAN -UAO -TCO -DIT -SSBS BTYPE=--)
pc : queued_spin_lock_slowpath+0x58/0x2d0
lr : invoke_tx_handlers_early+0x5b4/0x5c0
sp : ffff00001ef64660
x29: ffff00001ef64660 x28: ffff000009bc1070 x27: ffff000009bc0ad8
x26: ffff000009bc0900 x25: ffff00001ef647a8 x24: 0000000000000000
x23: ffff000009bc0900 x22: ffff000009bc0900 x21: ffff00000ac0e000
x20: ffff00000a279e00 x19: ffff00001ef646e8 x18: 0000000000000000
x17: ffff800016468000 x16: ffff00001ef608c0 x15: 0010533c93f64f80
x14: 0010395c9faa3946 x13: 0000000000000000 x12: 00000000fa83b2da
x11: 000000012edeceea x10: ffff0000010fbe00 x9 : 0000000000895440
x8 : 000000000010533c x7 : ffff00000ad8b740 x6 : ffff00000c350880
x5 : 0000000000000007 x4 : 0000000000000001 x3 : 0000000000000000
x2 : 0000000000000000 x1 : 0000000000000001 x0 : ffff00000ac0e0e8
Call trace:
queued_spin_lock_slowpath+0x58/0x2d0
ieee80211_tx+0x80/0x12c
ieee80211_tx_pending+0x110/0x278
tasklet_action_common.constprop.0+0x10c/0x144
tasklet_action+0x20/0x28
_stext+0x11c/0x284
____do_softirq+0xc/0x14
call_on_irq_stack+0x24/0x34
do_softirq_own_stack+0x18/0x20
do_softirq+0x74/0x7c
__local_bh_enable_ip+0xa0/0xa4
_ieee80211_wake_txqs+0x3b0/0x4b8
__ieee80211_wake_queue+0x12c/0x168
ieee80211_add_pending_skbs+0xec/0x138
ieee80211_sta_ps_deliver_wakeup+0x2a4/0x480
ieee80211_mps_sta_status_update.part.0+0xd8/0x11c
ieee80211_mps_sta_status_update+0x18/0x24
sta_apply_parameters+0x3bc/0x4c0
ieee80211_change_station+0x1b8/0x2dc
nl80211_set_station+0x444/0x49c
genl_family_rcv_msg_doit.isra.0+0xa4/0xfc
genl_rcv_msg+0x1b0/0x244
netlink_rcv_skb+0x38/0x10c
genl_rcv+0x34/0x48
netlink_unicast+0x254/0x2bc
netlink_sendmsg+0x190/0x3b4
____sys_sendmsg+0x1e8/0x218
___sys_sendmsg+0x68/0x8c
__sys_sendmsg+0x44/0x84
__arm64_sys_sendmsg+0x20/0x28
do_el0_svc+0x6c/0xe8
el0_svc+0x14/0x48
el0t_64_sync_handler+0xb0/0xb4
el0t_64_sync+0x14c/0x150
Using spin_lock_bh()/spin_unlock_bh() instead prevents softirq to raise
on the same CPU that is holding the lock.
Security readout for executives and security teams
Plain-English summary
CVE-2024-40912 is a Linux kernel Wi-Fi mac80211 locking bug. Under power-save wakeup handling, the kernel can deadlock itself and trigger RCU stalls, disrupting wireless networking or the host. The sources do not provide CVSS, privilege requirements, or active exploitation evidence, so urgency depends on whether affected Linux kernels with mac80211 Wi-Fi are deployed.
Executive priority
Treat this as an availability risk for Linux Wi-Fi and embedded/OT environments. It is not marked as exploited in KEV, and severity data is missing, but deadlocks in kernel networking can cause operational disruption. Prioritize patch verification where wireless Linux systems support business or plant operations.
Technical view
The bug is in ieee80211_sta_ps_deliver_wakeup(): it used spin_lock while synchronizing with softirq-context ieee80211_tx_h_unicast_ps_buf(). A softirq on the same CPU could attempt the same sta->ps_lock, causing deadlock. The upstream fix uses spin_lock_bh()/spin_unlock_bh() to block softirqs while holding the lock.
Likely exposure
Exposure is most relevant to Linux systems using affected kernel versions with mac80211-based Wi-Fi. The bundle lists Linux 3.14 through 6.10 and several stable commits as affected context, with Debian LTS and Siemens advisories referenced. Systems without Wi-Fi/mac80211 use are less likely to be exposed.
Exploitation context
The provided bundle does not show active exploitation, KEV inclusion, proof-of-concept availability, or attacker prerequisites. The described outcome is a kernel deadlock/RCU stall, indicating availability impact rather than confirmed code execution or data exposure.
Researcher notes
Evidence supports a local kernel synchronization flaw in mac80211 power-save wakeup handling. The source bundle includes the failure trace and fix rationale but lacks CVSS, CWE, exploitability details, and confirmed affected downstream products beyond referenced advisories. Avoid assuming remote triggerability without vendor or researcher evidence.
Mitigation direction
Apply Linux kernel stable updates containing the referenced mac80211 fix.
Check Debian, Siemens, or other vendor advisories for supported package updates.
Prioritize systems using Wi-Fi, embedded Linux, or operational technology appliances.
Where patching is delayed, assess whether affected Wi-Fi functionality can be reduced.
Track vendor guidance because no standalone workaround is named in the bundle.
Validation and detection
Inventory Linux kernel versions across Wi-Fi-capable systems and appliances.
Confirm whether mac80211-based wireless drivers are enabled or loaded.
Compare deployed kernels against vendor fixed releases and referenced stable commits.
Review logs for RCU stalls or deadlock symptoms around wireless power-save activity.
Verify patched systems include the spin_lock_bh locking change.
Generated from the cited source records. This long-tail analysis has not been individually reviewed by a named human.
Potential ATT&CK relevance
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