CVE-2024-27012: netfilter: nf_tables: restore set elements when delete set fails
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
netfilter: nf_tables: restore set elements when delete set fails
From abort path, nft_mapelem_activate() needs to restore refcounters to
the original state. Currently, it uses the set->ops->walk() to iterate
over these set elements. The existing set iterator skips inactive
elements in the next generation, this does not work from the abort path
to restore the original state since it has to skip active elements
instead (not inactive ones).
This patch moves the check for inactive elements to the set iterator
callback, then it reverses the logic for the .activate case which
needs to skip active elements.
Toggle next generation bit for elements when delete set command is
invoked and call nft_clear() from .activate (abort) path to restore the
next generation bit.
The splat below shows an object in mappings memleak:
[43929.457523] ------------[ cut here ]------------
[43929.457532] WARNING: CPU: 0 PID: 1139 at include/net/netfilter/nf_tables.h:1237 nft_setelem_data_deactivate+0xe4/0xf0 [nf_tables]
[...]
[43929.458014] RIP: 0010:nft_setelem_data_deactivate+0xe4/0xf0 [nf_tables]
[43929.458076] Code: 83 f8 01 77 ab 49 8d 7c 24 08 e8 37 5e d0 de 49 8b 6c 24 08 48 8d 7d 50 e8 e9 5c d0 de 8b 45 50 8d 50 ff 89 55 50 85 c0 75 86 <0f> 0b eb 82 0f 0b eb b3 0f 1f 40 00 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90
[43929.458081] RSP: 0018:ffff888140f9f4b0 EFLAGS: 00010246
[43929.458086] RAX: 0000000000000000 RBX: ffff8881434f5288 RCX: dffffc0000000000
[43929.458090] RDX: 00000000ffffffff RSI: ffffffffa26d28a7 RDI: ffff88810ecc9550
[43929.458093] RBP: ffff88810ecc9500 R08: 0000000000000001 R09: ffffed10281f3e8f
[43929.458096] R10: 0000000000000003 R11: ffff0000ffff0000 R12: ffff8881434f52a0
[43929.458100] R13: ffff888140f9f5f4 R14: ffff888151c7a800 R15: 0000000000000002
[43929.458103] FS: 00007f0c687c4740(0000) GS:ffff888390800000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000
[43929.458107] CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033
[43929.458111] CR2: 00007f58dbe5b008 CR3: 0000000123602005 CR4: 00000000001706f0
[43929.458114] Call Trace:
[43929.458118] <TASK>
[43929.458121] ? __warn+0x9f/0x1a0
[43929.458127] ? nft_setelem_data_deactivate+0xe4/0xf0 [nf_tables]
[43929.458188] ? report_bug+0x1b1/0x1e0
[43929.458196] ? handle_bug+0x3c/0x70
[43929.458200] ? exc_invalid_op+0x17/0x40
[43929.458211] ? nft_setelem_data_deactivate+0xd7/0xf0 [nf_tables]
[43929.458271] ? nft_setelem_data_deactivate+0xe4/0xf0 [nf_tables]
[43929.458332] nft_mapelem_deactivate+0x24/0x30 [nf_tables]
[43929.458392] nft_rhash_walk+0xdd/0x180 [nf_tables]
[43929.458453] ? __pfx_nft_rhash_walk+0x10/0x10 [nf_tables]
[43929.458512] ? rb_insert_color+0x2e/0x280
[43929.458520] nft_map_deactivate+0xdc/0x1e0 [nf_tables]
[43929.458582] ? __pfx_nft_map_deactivate+0x10/0x10 [nf_tables]
[43929.458642] ? __pfx_nft_mapelem_deactivate+0x10/0x10 [nf_tables]
[43929.458701] ? __rcu_read_unlock+0x46/0x70
[43929.458709] nft_delset+0xff/0x110 [nf_tables]
[43929.458769] nft_flush_table+0x16f/0x460 [nf_tables]
[43929.458830] nf_tables_deltable+0x501/0x580 [nf_tables]
Security readout for executives and security teams
Plain-English summary
CVE-2024-27012 is a Linux kernel nf_tables bug where a failed set deletion can leave internal set elements in the wrong state. The public record shows a kernel warning and object mapping memory leak. No CVSS score, CWE, or KEV active-exploitation listing is provided in the source bundle.
Executive priority
Schedule remediation through the normal kernel patch process, with higher priority for shared, exposed, or security-sensitive Linux systems. Current evidence is incomplete for business-impact scoring because the public bundle lacks CVSS, CWE, exploitation claims, and clear attacker impact.
Technical view
The nf_tables abort path used set->ops->walk() in a way that skipped the wrong generation of elements. nft_mapelem_activate() could fail to restore original refcounts after delete-set failure. The fix changes iterator callback logic, reverses activation filtering, toggles the next-generation bit on delete, and clears it during abort restoration.
Likely exposure
Exposure is Linux systems running affected kernel builds with nf_tables present. The bundle names Linux kernel 6.4, 6.1.176, 6.8.8, and 6.9 as affected, while other listed stable versions and commits are marked unaffected. Distro kernel package mapping must be verified separately.
Exploitation context
The source bundle does not claim active exploitation and marks KEV false. It also does not provide exploitability details, prerequisites, or attacker impact. Treat this as a kernel maintenance vulnerability requiring vendor tracking, not as confirmed in-the-wild activity.
Researcher notes
The record is precise about the faulty abort-path state restoration but sparse on security impact. Avoid assuming privilege escalation or denial of service without additional vendor evidence. Useful follow-up is correlating the referenced stable commits with distribution kernel changelogs and local kernel configuration.
Mitigation direction
Check the running kernel against vendor advisories for CVE-2024-27012.
Apply the relevant stable kernel or distribution kernel update.
Prioritize hosts using nftables or netfilter-heavy workloads.
Track Fedora and Linux stable announcements for package-specific fixes.
If patch timing is blocked, follow vendor guidance for interim controls.
Validation and detection
Inventory Linux kernel versions across servers, containers hosts, and appliances.
Confirm whether nf_tables support is enabled or loaded.
Map distro package versions to the listed Linux stable fixes.
Review kernel logs for nf_tables warnings resembling the source trace.
Verify updated hosts boot into the remediated kernel.
Generated from the cited source records. This long-tail analysis has not been individually reviewed by a named human.
Potential ATT&CK relevance
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CVE-2024-27012 mapping review
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