CVE-2024-26953: net: esp: fix bad handling of pages from page_pool
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
net: esp: fix bad handling of pages from page_pool
When the skb is reorganized during esp_output (!esp->inline), the pages
coming from the original skb fragments are supposed to be released back
to the system through put_page. But if the skb fragment pages are
originating from a page_pool, calling put_page on them will trigger a
page_pool leak which will eventually result in a crash.
This leak can be easily observed when using CONFIG_DEBUG_VM and doing
ipsec + gre (non offloaded) forwarding:
BUG: Bad page state in process ksoftirqd/16 pfn:1451b6
page:00000000de2b8d32 refcount:0 mapcount:0 mapping:0000000000000000 index:0x1451b6000 pfn:0x1451b6
flags: 0x200000000000000(node=0|zone=2)
page_type: 0xffffffff()
raw: 0200000000000000 dead000000000040 ffff88810d23c000 0000000000000000
raw: 00000001451b6000 0000000000000001 00000000ffffffff 0000000000000000
page dumped because: page_pool leak
Modules linked in: ip_gre gre mlx5_ib mlx5_core xt_conntrack xt_MASQUERADE nf_conntrack_netlink nfnetlink iptable_nat nf_nat xt_addrtype br_netfilter rpcrdma rdma_ucm ib_iser libiscsi scsi_transport_iscsi ib_umad rdma_cm ib_ipoib iw_cm ib_cm ib_uverbs ib_core overlay zram zsmalloc fuse [last unloaded: mlx5_core]
CPU: 16 PID: 96 Comm: ksoftirqd/16 Not tainted 6.8.0-rc4+ #22
Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (Q35 + ICH9, 2009), BIOS rel-1.13.0-0-gf21b5a4aeb02-prebuilt.qemu.org 04/01/2014
Call Trace:
<TASK>
dump_stack_lvl+0x36/0x50
bad_page+0x70/0xf0
free_unref_page_prepare+0x27a/0x460
free_unref_page+0x38/0x120
esp_ssg_unref.isra.0+0x15f/0x200
esp_output_tail+0x66d/0x780
esp_xmit+0x2c5/0x360
validate_xmit_xfrm+0x313/0x370
? validate_xmit_skb+0x1d/0x330
validate_xmit_skb_list+0x4c/0x70
sch_direct_xmit+0x23e/0x350
__dev_queue_xmit+0x337/0xba0
? nf_hook_slow+0x3f/0xd0
ip_finish_output2+0x25e/0x580
iptunnel_xmit+0x19b/0x240
ip_tunnel_xmit+0x5fb/0xb60
ipgre_xmit+0x14d/0x280 [ip_gre]
dev_hard_start_xmit+0xc3/0x1c0
__dev_queue_xmit+0x208/0xba0
? nf_hook_slow+0x3f/0xd0
ip_finish_output2+0x1ca/0x580
ip_sublist_rcv_finish+0x32/0x40
ip_sublist_rcv+0x1b2/0x1f0
? ip_rcv_finish_core.constprop.0+0x460/0x460
ip_list_rcv+0x103/0x130
__netif_receive_skb_list_core+0x181/0x1e0
netif_receive_skb_list_internal+0x1b3/0x2c0
napi_gro_receive+0xc8/0x200
gro_cell_poll+0x52/0x90
__napi_poll+0x25/0x1a0
net_rx_action+0x28e/0x300
__do_softirq+0xc3/0x276
? sort_range+0x20/0x20
run_ksoftirqd+0x1e/0x30
smpboot_thread_fn+0xa6/0x130
kthread+0xcd/0x100
? kthread_complete_and_exit+0x20/0x20
ret_from_fork+0x31/0x50
? kthread_complete_and_exit+0x20/0x20
ret_from_fork_asm+0x11/0x20
</TASK>
The suggested fix is to introduce a new wrapper (skb_page_unref) that
covers page refcounting for page_pool pages as well.
Security readout for executives and security teams
Plain-English summary
A Linux networking flaw can mishandle packet memory during certain non-offloaded IPsec and GRE forwarding. Pages may not return correctly to their memory pool, eventually producing a bad page state and crashing the system. The primary demonstrated business impact is loss of availability on affected network infrastructure.
Executive priority
Treat this as urgent for network gateways matching the documented traffic path because a crash could interrupt critical connectivity. Do not assume every Linux server is equally exposed. Prioritize asset identification, vendor package verification, controlled updates, and post-update monitoring.
Technical view
During non-inline ESP output, skb reorganization releases original fragment pages using ordinary page reference handling. For fragments originating from page_pool, this causes a page_pool leak and eventual kernel crash. The documented correction introduces skb_page_unref so page_pool-backed fragments receive appropriate reference handling.
Likely exposure
Exposure is most plausible on affected Linux kernels performing non-offloaded IPsec plus GRE forwarding where skb fragment pages originate from page_pool. Systems not using this packet-processing path may be less exposed. The supplied version information lacks clear range semantics, so downstream kernel packages and backports require individual verification.
Exploitation context
The supplied record is not in CISA KEV and provides no evidence of active exploitation. Its CVSS vector describes network reachability without privileges or user interaction, but the source only demonstrates the fault through a specific forwarding workload. Malicious remote triggering is therefore not established by this bundle.
Researcher notes
The bundle lists versions and commit hashes without explicit affected-range syntax, limiting precise version conclusions. Determine exposure through distribution advisories, package changelogs, or fix-commit ancestry. No CWE is supplied, and the evidence demonstrates an availability failure rather than proven confidentiality or integrity impact.
Mitigation direction
Update to a vendor-supported kernel containing the applicable referenced stable fix, then reboot affected systems.
Prioritize gateways performing non-offloaded IPsec and GRE forwarding.
Check distribution or Linux vendor guidance for exact corrected package versions.
If updating is delayed, seek vendor-supported temporary mitigations for the affected forwarding path.
Validation and detection
Inventory kernel builds and identify systems performing non-offloaded IPsec and GRE forwarding.
Verify each deployed kernel package includes the applicable referenced stable fix.
Review kernel logs for “page_pool leak,” “Bad page state,” and related crashes.
After updating, retest representative forwarding and monitor kernel stability.
Generated from the cited source records. This long-tail analysis has not been individually reviewed by a named human.
Potential ATT&CK relevance
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