CVE-2024-26895: wifi: wilc1000: prevent use-after-free on vif when cleaning up all interfaces
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
wifi: wilc1000: prevent use-after-free on vif when cleaning up all interfaces
wilc_netdev_cleanup currently triggers a KASAN warning, which can be
observed on interface registration error path, or simply by
removing the module/unbinding device from driver:
echo spi0.1 > /sys/bus/spi/drivers/wilc1000_spi/unbind
==================================================================
BUG: KASAN: slab-use-after-free in wilc_netdev_cleanup+0x508/0x5cc
Read of size 4 at addr c54d1ce8 by task sh/86
CPU: 0 PID: 86 Comm: sh Not tainted 6.8.0-rc1+ #117
Hardware name: Atmel SAMA5
unwind_backtrace from show_stack+0x18/0x1c
show_stack from dump_stack_lvl+0x34/0x58
dump_stack_lvl from print_report+0x154/0x500
print_report from kasan_report+0xac/0xd8
kasan_report from wilc_netdev_cleanup+0x508/0x5cc
wilc_netdev_cleanup from wilc_bus_remove+0xc8/0xec
wilc_bus_remove from spi_remove+0x8c/0xac
spi_remove from device_release_driver_internal+0x434/0x5f8
device_release_driver_internal from unbind_store+0xbc/0x108
unbind_store from kernfs_fop_write_iter+0x398/0x584
kernfs_fop_write_iter from vfs_write+0x728/0xf88
vfs_write from ksys_write+0x110/0x1e4
ksys_write from ret_fast_syscall+0x0/0x1c
[...]
Allocated by task 1:
kasan_save_track+0x30/0x5c
__kasan_kmalloc+0x8c/0x94
__kmalloc_node+0x1cc/0x3e4
kvmalloc_node+0x48/0x180
alloc_netdev_mqs+0x68/0x11dc
alloc_etherdev_mqs+0x28/0x34
wilc_netdev_ifc_init+0x34/0x8ec
wilc_cfg80211_init+0x690/0x910
wilc_bus_probe+0xe0/0x4a0
spi_probe+0x158/0x1b0
really_probe+0x270/0xdf4
__driver_probe_device+0x1dc/0x580
driver_probe_device+0x60/0x140
__driver_attach+0x228/0x5d4
bus_for_each_dev+0x13c/0x1a8
bus_add_driver+0x2a0/0x608
driver_register+0x24c/0x578
do_one_initcall+0x180/0x310
kernel_init_freeable+0x424/0x484
kernel_init+0x20/0x148
ret_from_fork+0x14/0x28
Freed by task 86:
kasan_save_track+0x30/0x5c
kasan_save_free_info+0x38/0x58
__kasan_slab_free+0xe4/0x140
kfree+0xb0/0x238
device_release+0xc0/0x2a8
kobject_put+0x1d4/0x46c
netdev_run_todo+0x8fc/0x11d0
wilc_netdev_cleanup+0x1e4/0x5cc
wilc_bus_remove+0xc8/0xec
spi_remove+0x8c/0xac
device_release_driver_internal+0x434/0x5f8
unbind_store+0xbc/0x108
kernfs_fop_write_iter+0x398/0x584
vfs_write+0x728/0xf88
ksys_write+0x110/0x1e4
ret_fast_syscall+0x0/0x1c
[...]
David Mosberger-Tan initial investigation [1] showed that this
use-after-free is due to netdevice unregistration during vif list
traversal. When unregistering a net device, since the needs_free_netdev has
been set to true during registration, the netdevice object is also freed,
and as a consequence, the corresponding vif object too, since it is
attached to it as private netdevice data. The next occurrence of the loop
then tries to access freed vif pointer to the list to move forward in the
list.
Fix this use-after-free thanks to two mechanisms:
- navigate in the list with list_for_each_entry_safe, which allows to
safely modify the list as we go through each element. For each element,
remove it from the list with list_del_rcu
- make sure to wait for RCU grace period end after each vif removal to make
sure it is safe to free the corresponding vif too (through
unregister_netdev)
Since we are in a RCU "modifier" path (not a "reader" path), and because
such path is expected not to be concurrent to any other modifier (we are
using the vif_mutex lock), we do not need to use RCU list API, that's why
we can benefit from list_for_each_entry_safe.
[1] https://lore.kernel.org/linux-wireless/ab077dbe58b1ea5de0a3b2ca21f275a07af967d2.camel@egauge.net/
Security readout for executives and security teams
Plain-English summary
A Linux Wi-Fi driver cleanup flaw can access memory after it has been freed when WILC1000 interfaces are removed or registration fails. This may crash or corrupt an affected system. The supplied CVSS score is 7.8, but exposure is limited to systems using the relevant driver and cleanup path.
Executive priority
Treat as a high-priority targeted kernel update for affected WILC1000-based systems, not an estate-wide emergency without exposure evidence. Quickly identify embedded products using this Wi-Fi chipset, then follow supported vendor updates. Escalate systems where local access or repeated driver removal is plausible.
Technical view
The wilc1000 driver traversed its virtual-interface list while unregistering network devices, which also freed associated interface objects. A later loop iteration could dereference a freed pointer. The kernel fix safely traverses and removes list entries, then waits for an RCU grace period before freeing each interface.
Likely exposure
Most relevant to Linux systems containing and using the WILC1000 Wi-Fi driver, particularly embedded devices. The fault is observable during interface-registration failure, module removal, or device unbinding. The supplied affected-version data spans Linux 5.5 through listed stable releases, but exact distribution exposure requires vendor mapping.
Exploitation context
The supplied CVSS vector describes local, low-privilege attack conditions with no user interaction and potentially high confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact. However, the bundle provides no demonstrated privilege escalation or reliable exploitation. It is not in KEV, and no cited evidence establishes active exploitation.
Researcher notes
The failure is a slab use-after-free in wilc_netdev_cleanup caused by unregister_netdev freeing netdevice-private vif data during list traversal. The fix combines safe traversal, list removal, and RCU synchronization. The sources establish the bug and remediation design, but do not establish exploit reliability, weaponization, or observed attacks.
Mitigation direction
Install a vendor-supported kernel containing the applicable stable wilc1000 fix.
Consult distribution or device-vendor guidance for exact fixed package versions.
Prioritize embedded systems where WILC1000 hardware and driver lifecycle operations are present.
Restrict unnecessary local access and administrative device-management capabilities until patched.
Validation and detection
Inventory kernel versions and determine whether the wilc1000 driver is present or loaded.
Confirm whether devices use WILC1000 Wi-Fi hardware through asset and platform records.
Map vendor kernel packages to the referenced stable fixes, accounting for backports.
Review kernel logs for wilc_netdev_cleanup, KASAN, or use-after-free reports.
After updating, verify the vendor package includes the relevant fix.
Generated from the cited source records. This long-tail analysis has not been individually reviewed by a named human.
Potential ATT&CK relevance
Conservative CVE-to-ATT&CK context
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