LiveActive security incident?Get immediate response
CVE Record

CVE-2023-54180: btrfs: handle case when repair happens with dev-replace

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: btrfs: handle case when repair happens with dev-replace [BUG] There is a bug report that a BUG_ON() in btrfs_repair_io_failure() (originally repair_io_failure() in v6.0 kernel) got triggered when replacing a unreliable disk: BTRFS warning (device sda1): csum failed root 257 ino 2397453 off 39624704 csum 0xb0d18c75 expected csum 0x4dae9c5e mirror 3 kernel BUG at fs/btrfs/extent_io.c:2380! invalid opcode: 0000 [#1] PREEMPT SMP NOPTI CPU: 9 PID: 3614331 Comm: kworker/u257:2 Tainted: G OE 6.0.0-5-amd64 #1 Debian 6.0.10-2 Hardware name: Micro-Star International Co., Ltd. MS-7C60/TRX40 PRO WIFI (MS-7C60), BIOS 2.70 07/01/2021 Workqueue: btrfs-endio btrfs_end_bio_work [btrfs] RIP: 0010:repair_io_failure+0x24a/0x260 [btrfs] Call Trace: <TASK> clean_io_failure+0x14d/0x180 [btrfs] end_bio_extent_readpage+0x412/0x6e0 [btrfs] ? __switch_to+0x106/0x420 process_one_work+0x1c7/0x380 worker_thread+0x4d/0x380 ? rescuer_thread+0x3a0/0x3a0 kthread+0xe9/0x110 ? kthread_complete_and_exit+0x20/0x20 ret_from_fork+0x22/0x30 [CAUSE] Before the BUG_ON(), we got some read errors from the replace target first, note the mirror number (3, which is beyond RAID1 duplication, thus it's read from the replace target device). Then at the BUG_ON() location, we are trying to writeback the repaired sectors back the failed device. The check looks like this: ret = btrfs_map_block(fs_info, BTRFS_MAP_WRITE, logical, &map_length, &bioc, mirror_num); if (ret) goto out_counter_dec; BUG_ON(mirror_num != bioc->mirror_num); But inside btrfs_map_block(), we can modify bioc->mirror_num especially for dev-replace: if (dev_replace_is_ongoing && mirror_num == map->num_stripes + 1 && !need_full_stripe(op) && dev_replace->tgtdev != NULL) { ret = get_extra_mirror_from_replace(fs_info, logical, *length, dev_replace->srcdev->devid, &mirror_num, &physical_to_patch_in_first_stripe); patch_the_first_stripe_for_dev_replace = 1; } Thus if we're repairing the replace target device, we're going to trigger that BUG_ON(). But in reality, the read failure from the replace target device may be that, our replace hasn't reached the range we're reading, thus we're reading garbage, but with replace running, the range would be properly filled later. Thus in that case, we don't need to do anything but let the replace routine to handle it. [FIX] Instead of a BUG_ON(), just skip the repair if we're repairing the device replace target device.

UnknownCVSS not scoredNot KEV-listedUpdated
Glexia's TakeAutomated analysismoderate

Security readout for executives and security teams

Plain-English summary

This is a Linux kernel Btrfs crash bug during device replacement. If Btrfs tries to repair a read/checksum failure from the replacement target device, an internal assertion can trigger a kernel BUG instead of safely skipping that repair path.

Executive priority

Treat this as a targeted infrastructure reliability issue. Prioritize storage servers, backup systems, NAS hosts, and workstations using Btrfs replacement operations. It is not presented as internet-exploitable in the supplied evidence.

Technical view

The Btrfs repair path calls btrfs_map_block() during dev-replace. That function may change the mirror number for the replacement target, but the caller enforced BUG_ON(mirror_num != bioc->mirror_num). The fix replaces the crash condition by skipping repair when the failing mirror is the device-replace target.

Likely exposure

Exposure is likely limited to Linux systems using Btrfs with device replacement active, especially where the replacement target has unread or not-yet-copied ranges. Non-Btrfs systems are not implicated by the provided sources.

Exploitation context

The bundle does not cite active exploitation, and KEV is false. The known trigger is operational: Btrfs device replacement plus read or checksum failure on the replacement target. Evidence supports denial-of-service risk through kernel BUG, not remote code execution.

Researcher notes

The CVE data lacks CVSS, CWE, and detailed distro package ranges. The affected-version metadata is simplified, so validate against upstream commits and vendor backports. The root cause is assertion misuse around dev-replace mirror remapping.

Mitigation direction

  • Update to a vendor kernel containing the referenced Btrfs stable fixes.
  • Check distribution advisories for backported fixes before relying on upstream version numbers.
  • Avoid risky Btrfs device-replace operations on unpatched systems where practical.
  • Ensure recent backups before replacing unreliable disks on affected Btrfs hosts.

Validation and detection

  • Identify Linux hosts using Btrfs filesystems and device replacement workflows.
  • Record running kernel versions and compare them with vendor fixed-package guidance.
  • Review kernel logs for Btrfs checksum failures and device-replace activity.
  • Confirm patched kernels include the upstream commits referenced for this CVE.
Prepared
Confidence
medium
Sources
5

Generated from the cited source records. This long-tail analysis has not been individually reviewed by a named human.

Potential ATT&CK relevance

Conservative CVE-to-ATT&CK context

These mappings and lookup hints may be relevant to the vulnerability behavior, CWE, affected product, or exposure path. Glexia-inferred context is not an official MITRE, ATT&CK, CWE, or CVE Program mapping.

ATT&CK lookup starting points

Use these exact CWE pages and searches to review the Glexia ATT&CK library from this CVE's weakness and description context.

cve · low confidence lookup

CVE-2023-54180 mapping review

Open the CVE-to-ATT&CK bridge for reviewed, inferred, or future official mappings tied to this CVE.

Open ATT&CK lookup
Vulnerability profileCVE Program record
Severity
Unknown
CVSS
Not scored
Known Exploited
No
Published
Official CVE source material

CNA and ADP enrichment extracted from CVE v5

These fields come from the CVE record and ADP containers, not from Glexia's Take. They preserve time-varying source decisions such as CISA SSVC, KEV status, CVSS metrics, and provider references.

0CVSS vectors
3Timeline events
0ADP providers
4Source links

Vulnerability timeline

Timeline events are normalized from CVE metadata, CNA source timelines, ADP timelines, and KEV metadata when present.

  1. CVE reservedCVE Program

    The CVE ID was reserved by the assigning CNA.

  2. CVE publishedCVE Program

    The CVE record was published.

  3. CVE updatedCVE Program

    The CVE record metadata indicates this as the latest update time.

Affected products

Products and packages named in the record

VendorProductVersion / packageStatus
LinuxLinuxad6d620e2a5704f6bf3a39c92a75aad962c51cb3, ad6d620e2a5704f6bf3a39c92a75aad962c51cb3, ad6d620e2a5704f6bf3a39c92a75aad962c51cb3unaffected
LinuxLinux3.8, 0, 6.0.19, 6.1.5, 6.2affected
Weakness

CWE details

No CWE listed

CWE links open Glexia weakness intelligence pages with official CWE context, developer remediation guidance, and related CVE mappings.