CVE-2022-49513: cpufreq: governor: Use kobject release() method to free dbs_data
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
cpufreq: governor: Use kobject release() method to free dbs_data
The struct dbs_data embeds a struct gov_attr_set and
the struct gov_attr_set embeds a kobject. Since every kobject must have
a release() method and we can't use kfree() to free it directly,
so introduce cpufreq_dbs_data_release() to release the dbs_data via
the kobject::release() method. This fixes the calltrace like below:
ODEBUG: free active (active state 0) object type: timer_list hint: delayed_work_timer_fn+0x0/0x34
WARNING: CPU: 12 PID: 810 at lib/debugobjects.c:505 debug_print_object+0xb8/0x100
Modules linked in:
CPU: 12 PID: 810 Comm: sh Not tainted 5.16.0-next-20220120-yocto-standard+ #536
Hardware name: Marvell OcteonTX CN96XX board (DT)
pstate: 60400009 (nZCv daif +PAN -UAO -TCO -DIT -SSBS BTYPE=--)
pc : debug_print_object+0xb8/0x100
lr : debug_print_object+0xb8/0x100
sp : ffff80001dfcf9a0
x29: ffff80001dfcf9a0 x28: 0000000000000001 x27: ffff0001464f0000
x26: 0000000000000000 x25: ffff8000090e3f00 x24: ffff80000af60210
x23: ffff8000094dfb78 x22: ffff8000090e3f00 x21: ffff0001080b7118
x20: ffff80000aeb2430 x19: ffff800009e8f5e0 x18: 0000000000000000
x17: 0000000000000002 x16: 00004d62e58be040 x15: 013590470523aff8
x14: ffff8000090e1828 x13: 0000000001359047 x12: 00000000f5257d14
x11: 0000000000040591 x10: 0000000066c1ffea x9 : ffff8000080d15e0
x8 : ffff80000a1765a8 x7 : 0000000000000000 x6 : 0000000000000001
x5 : ffff800009e8c000 x4 : ffff800009e8c760 x3 : 0000000000000000
x2 : 0000000000000000 x1 : 0000000000000000 x0 : ffff0001474ed040
Call trace:
debug_print_object+0xb8/0x100
__debug_check_no_obj_freed+0x1d0/0x25c
debug_check_no_obj_freed+0x24/0xa0
kfree+0x11c/0x440
cpufreq_dbs_governor_exit+0xa8/0xac
cpufreq_exit_governor+0x44/0x90
cpufreq_set_policy+0x29c/0x570
store_scaling_governor+0x110/0x154
store+0xb0/0xe0
sysfs_kf_write+0x58/0x84
kernfs_fop_write_iter+0x12c/0x1c0
new_sync_write+0xf0/0x18c
vfs_write+0x1cc/0x220
ksys_write+0x74/0x100
__arm64_sys_write+0x28/0x3c
invoke_syscall.constprop.0+0x58/0xf0
do_el0_svc+0x70/0x170
el0_svc+0x54/0x190
el0t_64_sync_handler+0xa4/0x130
el0t_64_sync+0x1a0/0x1a4
irq event stamp: 189006
hardirqs last enabled at (189005): [<ffff8000080849d0>] finish_task_switch.isra.0+0xe0/0x2c0
hardirqs last disabled at (189006): [<ffff8000090667a4>] el1_dbg+0x24/0xa0
softirqs last enabled at (188966): [<ffff8000080106d0>] __do_softirq+0x4b0/0x6a0
softirqs last disabled at (188957): [<ffff80000804a618>] __irq_exit_rcu+0x108/0x1a4
[ rjw: Because can be freed by the gov_attr_set_put() in
cpufreq_dbs_governor_exit() now, it is also necessary to put the
invocation of the governor ->exit() callback into the new
cpufreq_dbs_data_release() function. ]
Security readout for executives and security teams
Plain-English summary
This Linux kernel issue is a memory-lifecycle bug in the CPU frequency governor code. The kernel freed an object directly instead of through the required kobject release path, producing a warning and unsafe cleanup behavior. The public data does not provide a CVSS score, confirmed exploitation, or a complete product matrix.
Executive priority
Treat this as a kernel maintenance and exposure-confirmation item, not an emergency based on current evidence. Escalate priority for shared systems, appliances, or hosts where untrusted users can influence CPU frequency governor settings.
Technical view
The affected code embeds a kobject inside gov_attr_set, which is embedded in dbs_data. Direct kfree() of dbs_data violates kobject lifetime rules. The fix adds cpufreq_dbs_data_release() and moves governor exit handling into the kobject release path, addressing the reported debugobjects call trace during scaling_governor writes.
Likely exposure
Exposure is limited to Linux systems running affected kernel versions or downstream builds without the referenced cpufreq governor fix. The bundle identifies Linux kernel impact, but distribution-specific backports and appliance exposure are not established in the provided evidence.
Exploitation context
The source bundle does not report active exploitation, KEV listing, exploit availability, or remote attack details. The call trace shows local sysfs interaction with CPU frequency governor settings, but the evidence is insufficient to claim practical exploitability or impact beyond the described kernel cleanup fault.
Researcher notes
The key issue is kobject ownership and release ordering in cpufreq governor data structures. The source evidence supports an upstream fix but lacks CVSS, CWE, exploit status, and downstream package mapping. Avoid over-scoping beyond Linux kernel builds missing the cited fix.
Mitigation direction
Update to a vendor kernel that includes the referenced cpufreq governor fix.
Check Linux distribution advisories for backport status and fixed package versions.
Prioritize systems where untrusted local users can change CPU frequency governor settings.
Avoid inventing local workarounds; follow vendor guidance where patching is delayed.
Validation and detection
Inventory Linux kernel versions and distribution build identifiers across affected systems.
Confirm whether vendor kernels include the referenced upstream stable commits.
Review kernel logs for matching debugobjects or cpufreq governor cleanup warnings.
Verify CPU frequency governor interfaces are not writable by untrusted users.
Generated from the cited source records. This long-tail analysis has not been individually reviewed by a named human.
Potential ATT&CK relevance
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CVE-2022-49513 mapping review
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3Timeline events
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CVE reservedCVE Program
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CVE publishedCVE Program
The CVE record was published.
Feb 26, 2025, 02:13 UTC (UTC+00:00)
CVE updatedCVE Program
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