Security readout for executives and security teams
Plain-English summary
A vulnerable Sinatra application could make a victim download a file from a trusted site when response filenames are built from user input. The issue requires user interaction, but the impact is rated high because the downloaded content may be trusted by the user or their environment.
Executive priority
Treat as a high-priority dependency upgrade for externally reachable Sinatra services. Urgency is greatest where the application offers file downloads or reflects user-controlled filenames.
Technical view
Sinatra 2.0 before 2.2.3 and 3.0 before 3.0.4 are affected by a reflected file download weakness involving Content-Disposition filenames derived from user-supplied input. The CVSS 3.1 score is 8.8, with network attack vector, low complexity, no privileges, and user interaction required.
Likely exposure
Exposure is likely in Ruby applications using affected Sinatra versions, especially routes that generate downloads or set Content-Disposition using request parameters or other user-controlled values.
Exploitation context
The bundle does not show CISA KEV listing or cited evidence of active exploitation. Public references describe the RFD attack class, and the CVSS vector indicates remote reachability with required user interaction.
Researcher notes
Focus review on response header generation, attachment helpers, and parameters used as filenames. Evidence supports affected version ranges and patched releases, but the bundle does not provide exploit telemetry.
Mitigation direction
- Upgrade Sinatra to 2.2.3, 3.0.4, or later supported releases.
- Apply Debian ruby-sinatra security updates where using Debian packages.
- Audit download routes that derive filenames from user-controlled input.
- Follow Sinatra advisory guidance for safe Content-Disposition handling.
- Check vendor guidance before relying on local workarounds.
Validation and detection
- Inventory Gemfile.lock and deployed package metadata for Sinatra versions.
- Search application routes for Content-Disposition or attachment filename generation.
- Confirm no user input directly controls download filenames.
- Run dependency scanning against GHSA and CVE identifiers.
- Verify patched versions are deployed, not only updated in source control.
Public sources used
Generated from the cited source records. This long-tail analysis has not been individually reviewed by a named human.
Conservative CVE-to-ATT&CK context
These mappings and lookup hints may be relevant to the vulnerability behavior, CWE, affected product, or exposure path. Glexia-inferred context is not an official MITRE, ATT&CK, CWE, or CVE Program mapping.
ATT&CK lookup starting points
Use these exact CWE pages and searches to review the Glexia ATT&CK library from this CVE's weakness and description context.
CWE-494: Exact CWE lookup
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Open ATT&CK lookupCVE-2022-45442 mapping review
Open the CVE-to-ATT&CK bridge for reviewed, inferred, or future official mappings tied to this CVE.
Open ATT&CK lookup- Severity
- High
- CVSS
- 8.8 (3.1)
- Known Exploited
- No
- Published
Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
CNA and ADP enrichment extracted from CVE v5
These fields come from the CVE record and ADP containers, not from Glexia's Take. They preserve time-varying source decisions such as CISA SSVC, KEV status, CVSS metrics, and provider references.
CVSS vector scores
1 official scoreWe collect every scored CVSS vector available in the official CNA and ADP containers. When more than one version is present, the table keeps the source vectors side by side instead of collapsing them into the highest score.
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H2.85.9Primary CVE scoreVulnerability scoring details
Base CVSS 3.1 score
8.8HighVector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Source materials
- CVE List V5 sourceCVE List V5
- https://github.com/sinatra/sinatra/security/advisories/GHSA-2x8x-jmrp-phxwCVE reference
- https://github.com/sinatra/sinatra/commit/ea8fc9495a350f7551b39e3025bfcd06f49f363bCVE reference
- https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-8x94-hmjh-97hqCVE reference
- https://www.blackhat.com/docs/eu-14/materials/eu-14-Hafif-Reflected-File-Download-A-New-Web-Attack-Vector.pdfCVE reference
- [debian-lts-announce] 20230110 [SECURITY] [DLA 3264-1] ruby-sinatra security updateCVE reference · mailing-list
- https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2024/09/msg00020.htmlCVE reference
Products and packages named in the record
CWE details
CWE links open Glexia weakness intelligence pages with official CWE context, developer remediation guidance, and related CVE mappings.
Download of Code Without Integrity Check
Download of Code Without Integrity Check represents a recurring weakness pattern that can create exploitable paths when design, validation, or implementation controls are missing.