CVE-2021-47387: cpufreq: schedutil: Use kobject release() method to free sugov_tunables
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
cpufreq: schedutil: Use kobject release() method to free sugov_tunables
The struct sugov_tunables is protected by the kobject, so we can't free
it directly. Otherwise we would get a call trace like this:
ODEBUG: free active (active state 0) object type: timer_list hint: delayed_work_timer_fn+0x0/0x30
WARNING: CPU: 3 PID: 720 at lib/debugobjects.c:505 debug_print_object+0xb8/0x100
Modules linked in:
CPU: 3 PID: 720 Comm: a.sh Tainted: G W 5.14.0-rc1-next-20210715-yocto-standard+ #507
Hardware name: Marvell OcteonTX CN96XX board (DT)
pstate: 40400009 (nZcv daif +PAN -UAO -TCO BTYPE=--)
pc : debug_print_object+0xb8/0x100
lr : debug_print_object+0xb8/0x100
sp : ffff80001ecaf910
x29: ffff80001ecaf910 x28: ffff00011b10b8d0 x27: ffff800011043d80
x26: ffff00011a8f0000 x25: ffff800013cb3ff0 x24: 0000000000000000
x23: ffff80001142aa68 x22: ffff800011043d80 x21: ffff00010de46f20
x20: ffff800013c0c520 x19: ffff800011d8f5b0 x18: 0000000000000010
x17: 6e6968207473696c x16: 5f72656d6974203a x15: 6570797420746365
x14: 6a626f2029302065 x13: 303378302f307830 x12: 2b6e665f72656d69
x11: ffff8000124b1560 x10: ffff800012331520 x9 : ffff8000100ca6b0
x8 : 000000000017ffe8 x7 : c0000000fffeffff x6 : 0000000000000001
x5 : ffff800011d8c000 x4 : ffff800011d8c740 x3 : 0000000000000000
x2 : ffff0001108301c0 x1 : ab3c90eedf9c0f00 x0 : 0000000000000000
Call trace:
debug_print_object+0xb8/0x100
__debug_check_no_obj_freed+0x1c0/0x230
debug_check_no_obj_freed+0x20/0x88
slab_free_freelist_hook+0x154/0x1c8
kfree+0x114/0x5d0
sugov_exit+0xbc/0xc0
cpufreq_exit_governor+0x44/0x90
cpufreq_set_policy+0x268/0x4a8
store_scaling_governor+0xe0/0x128
store+0xc0/0xf0
sysfs_kf_write+0x54/0x80
kernfs_fop_write_iter+0x128/0x1c0
new_sync_write+0xf0/0x190
vfs_write+0x2d4/0x478
ksys_write+0x74/0x100
__arm64_sys_write+0x24/0x30
invoke_syscall.constprop.0+0x54/0xe0
do_el0_svc+0x64/0x158
el0_svc+0x2c/0xb0
el0t_64_sync_handler+0xb0/0xb8
el0t_64_sync+0x198/0x19c
irq event stamp: 5518
hardirqs last enabled at (5517): [<ffff8000100cbd7c>] console_unlock+0x554/0x6c8
hardirqs last disabled at (5518): [<ffff800010fc0638>] el1_dbg+0x28/0xa0
softirqs last enabled at (5504): [<ffff8000100106e0>] __do_softirq+0x4d0/0x6c0
softirqs last disabled at (5483): [<ffff800010049548>] irq_exit+0x1b0/0x1b8
So split the original sugov_tunables_free() into two functions,
sugov_clear_global_tunables() is just used to clear the global_tunables
and the new sugov_tunables_free() is used as kobj_type::release to
release the sugov_tunables safely.
Security readout for executives and security teams
Plain-English summary
This is a Linux kernel memory-management flaw in the CPU frequency scheduler governor. Under certain governor change behavior, the kernel could free an object before its kobject lifecycle had safely completed. Business urgency depends on whether affected kernels are deployed; the provided sources do not show remote exposure, active exploitation, or a CVSS score.
Executive priority
Track and patch through normal kernel maintenance unless vendor guidance rates it higher for your environment. Escalate priority for internet-facing appliances, shared hosts, or embedded fleets where kernel updates are slow and local access boundaries matter.
Technical view
The schedutil cpufreq governor freed sugov_tunables directly even though it was protected by a kobject. The kernel fix splits global tunable cleanup from object freeing and uses kobj_type::release so sugov_tunables is released only when safe. The source trace shows debugobjects detecting an active timer/list object during governor policy changes.
Likely exposure
Exposure is most likely on Linux systems running affected kernel versions or downstream builds carrying the vulnerable cpufreq schedutil code. The evidence points to local kernel behavior involving CPU frequency governor changes through sysfs, not a remotely reachable service.
Exploitation context
The provided bundle does not cite active exploitation, and KEV is false. No exploit path, privilege requirement, or impact rating is provided. Treat this as a kernel stability and memory-safety issue until vendor advisories or distribution backports clarify practical exploitability.
Researcher notes
The core issue is lifetime management: sugov_tunables must be freed by the kobject release path. The source evidence includes a debugobjects warning during store_scaling_governor and stable commits for multiple kernel branches, but no CVSS, CWE, exploit status, or distribution-specific advisories.
Mitigation direction
Identify Linux kernel versions and vendor backport status across affected systems.
Apply kernel updates containing the referenced stable fixes when available from your distribution.
Check vendor guidance if using appliance, embedded, or custom kernels.
Prioritize systems where CPU frequency governors are changeable in production.
Validation and detection
Confirm deployed kernel versions against vendor advisories and CVE metadata.
Verify whether schedutil cpufreq support is enabled on target systems.
Review change history for kernel updates containing the referenced stable commits.
Check logs for related kernel warnings during cpufreq governor changes.
Generated from the cited source records. This long-tail analysis has not been individually reviewed by a named human.
Potential ATT&CK relevance
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CVE-2021-47387 mapping review
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