Security readout for executives and security teams
Plain-English summary
CVE-2021-4228 is a default hard-coded TLS certificate issue in Lanner IAC-AST2500A standard firmware 1.00.0. HTTPS may appear protected, but the shared certificate can let an attacker positioned between a user and device perform man-in-the-middle attacks, risking limited confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact.
Executive priority
Treat this as a targeted infrastructure hardening issue, not an emergency. Prioritize internet-exposed or poorly segmented management interfaces first, because the weakness can defeat HTTPS trust during administrative access.
Technical view
The vulnerability is CWE-321: use of a hard-coded cryptographic key/certificate. The affected product is Lanner Inc IAC-AST2500A standard firmware 1.00.0. CVSS 3.1 score is 5.8 with network attack vector, high attack complexity, no privileges required, and user interaction required.
Likely exposure
Exposure is most likely where affected Lanner IAC-AST2500A devices run standard firmware 1.00.0 and their HTTPS management path is reachable over shared, untrusted, or weakly segmented networks.
Exploitation context
The source bundle does not show CISA KEV listing or active exploitation evidence. Successful abuse requires attacker network positioning and user interaction, but the issue undermines trust in HTTPS for affected devices using the default certificate.
Researcher notes
Evidence is limited to the CVE record and Nozomi references. No affected versions beyond IAC-AST2500A standard firmware 1.00.0 are stated. No public patch details are included in the provided bundle, so remediation should be verified against vendor guidance.
Mitigation direction
- Inventory Lanner IAC-AST2500A devices and identify firmware versions.
- Check Lanner and Nozomi guidance for firmware or configuration remediation.
- Restrict management interfaces to trusted administrative networks.
- Avoid exposing affected management services to the internet.
- Replace default certificates where vendor-supported and operationally safe.
- Monitor for unusual management-session activity around affected devices.
Validation and detection
- Confirm whether any IAC-AST2500A devices run standard firmware 1.00.0.
- Review asset placement, especially BMC, OT, and IoT management networks.
- Verify HTTPS management access is limited to trusted administrators.
- Check whether default TLS certificate material remains in use.
- Document compensating controls if vendor remediation is unavailable.
Public sources used
Generated from the cited source records. This long-tail analysis has not been individually reviewed by a named human.
Conservative CVE-to-ATT&CK context
These mappings and lookup hints may be relevant to the vulnerability behavior, CWE, affected product, or exposure path. Glexia-inferred context is not an official MITRE, ATT&CK, CWE, or CVE Program mapping.
ATT&CK lookup starting points
Use these exact CWE pages and searches to review the Glexia ATT&CK library from this CVE's weakness and description context.
CWE-321: Exact CWE lookup
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Open ATT&CK lookupCVE-2021-4228 mapping review
Open the CVE-to-ATT&CK bridge for reviewed, inferred, or future official mappings tied to this CVE.
Open ATT&CK lookup- Severity
- Medium
- CVSS
- 5.8 (3.1)
- Known Exploited
- No
- Published
Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:L
CNA and ADP enrichment extracted from CVE v5
These fields come from the CVE record and ADP containers, not from Glexia's Take. They preserve time-varying source decisions such as CISA SSVC, KEV status, CVSS metrics, and provider references.
CVSS vector scores
1 official scoreWe collect every scored CVSS vector available in the official CNA and ADP containers. When more than one version is present, the table keeps the source vectors side by side instead of collapsing them into the highest score.
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:L1.63.7Primary CVE scoreVulnerability scoring details
Base CVSS 3.1 score
5.8MediumVector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:L
Source materials
Products and packages named in the record
CWE details
CWE links open Glexia weakness intelligence pages with official CWE context, developer remediation guidance, and related CVE mappings.
Use of Hard-coded Cryptographic Key
Use of Hard-coded Cryptographic Key represents a recurring weakness pattern that can create exploitable paths when design, validation, or implementation controls are missing.