T1183: Image File Execution Options Injection
Image File Execution Options (IFEO) enable a developer to attach a debugger to an application. When a process is created, a debugger present in an application’s IFEO will be prepended to the application’s name, effectively launching the new process under the debugger (e.g., “C:\dbg\ntsd.exe -g notepad.exe”). [1]
IFEOs can be set directly via the Registry or in Global Flags via the GFlags tool. [2] IFEOs are represented as Debugger values in the Registry under HKLM\SOFTWARE{\Wow6432Node}\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Image File Execution Options\ where is the binary on which the debugger is attached. [1]
IFEOs can also enable an arbitrary monitor program to be launched when a specified program silently exits (i.e. is prematurely terminated by itself or a second, non kernel-mode process). [3] [4] Similar to debuggers, silent exit monitoring can be enabled through GFlags and/or by directly modifying IEFO and silent process exit Registry values in HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\SilentProcessExit\. [3] [4]
An example where the evil.exe process is started when notepad.exe exits: [4]
* reg add "HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Image File Execution Options\notepad.exe" /v GlobalFlag /t REG_DWORD /d 512 * reg add "HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\SilentProcessExit\notepad.exe" /v ReportingMode /t REG_DWORD /d 1 * reg add "HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\SilentProcessExit\notepad.exe" /v MonitorProcess /d "C:\temp\evil.exe"
Similar to Process Injection, these values may be abused to obtain persistence and privilege escalation by causing a malicious executable to be loaded and run in the context of separate processes on the computer. [5] Installing IFEO mechanisms may also provide Persistence via continuous invocation.
Malware may also use IFEO for Defense Evasion by registering invalid debuggers that redirect and effectively disable various system and security applications. [6] [7]
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Image File Execution Options Injection
Image File Execution Options (IFEO) enable a developer to attach a debugger to an application. When a process is created, a debugger present in an application’s IFEO will be prepended to the application’s name, effectively launching the new process under the debugger (e.g., “C:\dbg\ntsd.exe -g notepad.exe”). [1]
IFEOs can be set directly via the Registry or in Global Flags via the GFlags tool. [2] IFEOs are represented as Debugger values in the Registry under HKLM\SOFTWARE{\Wow6432Node}\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Image File Execution Options\ where is the binary on which the debugger is attached. [1]
IFEOs can also enable an arbitrary monitor program to be launched when a specified program silently exits (i.e. is prematurely terminated by itself or a second, non kernel-mode process). [3] [4] Similar to debuggers, silent exit monitoring can be enabled through GFlags and/or by directly modifying IEFO and silent process exit Registry values in HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\SilentProcessExit\. [3] [4]
An example where the evil.exe process is started when notepad.exe exits: [4]
* reg add "HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Image File Execution Options\notepad.exe" /v GlobalFlag /t REG_DWORD /d 512 * reg add "HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\SilentProcessExit\notepad.exe" /v ReportingMode /t REG_DWORD /d 1 * reg add "HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\SilentProcessExit\notepad.exe" /v MonitorProcess /d "C:\temp\evil.exe"
Similar to Process Injection, these values may be abused to obtain persistence and privilege escalation by causing a malicious executable to be loaded and run in the context of separate processes on the computer. [5] Installing IFEO mechanisms may also provide Persistence via continuous invocation.
Malware may also use IFEO for Defense Evasion by registering invalid debuggers that redirect and effectively disable various system and security applications. [6] [7]
How security teams should use this page
Treat this object as behavior context, not an attribution claim. Validate the related groups, software, data sources, and mitigations against official ATT&CK relationships and your own telemetry before making control-coverage decisions.
Related techniques
This mirrors the MITRE pattern of making group, software, campaign, and technique relationships scannable. Relationship notes come from mirrored ATT&CK relationship text when available.
| Domain | ID | Name | Relationship / procedure |
|---|---|---|---|
| Enterprise | T1546.012 | Image File Execution Options InjectionSub-technique | This object revoked by Image File Execution Options Injection. |
All related ATT&CK context
Object version and sync metadata
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Imported snapshots across ATT&CK releases(1)
| Release | Bundle imported | Object version | Modified | Status | Raw hash |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 19.1 | 1.1 | Current bundleRevoked | f1237b88d50a… |
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External references and citations
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- [1]Microsoft Dev Blog IFEO Mar 2010
Shanbhag, M. (2010, March 24). Image File Execution Options (IFEO). Retrieved December 18, 2017.
Open source URL - [2]Microsoft GFlags Mar 2017
Microsoft. (2017, May 23). GFlags Overview. Retrieved December 18, 2017.
Open source URL - [3]Microsoft Silent Process Exit NOV 2017
Marshall, D. & Griffin, S. (2017, November 28). Monitoring Silent Process Exit. Retrieved June 27, 2018.
Open source URL - [4]Oddvar Moe IFEO APR 2018
Moe, O. (2018, April 10). Persistence using GlobalFlags in Image File Execution Options - Hidden from Autoruns.exe. Retrieved June 27, 2018.
Open source URL - [5]Elastic Process Injection July 2017
Hosseini, A. (2017, July 18). Ten Process Injection Techniques: A Technical Survey Of Common And Trending Process Injection Techniques. Retrieved December 7, 2017.
Open source URL - [6]FSecure Hupigon
FSecure. (n.d.). Backdoor - W32/Hupigon.EMV - Threat Description. Retrieved December 18, 2017.
Open source URL - [7]Symantec Ushedix June 2008
Symantec. (2008, June 28). Trojan.Ushedix. Retrieved December 18, 2017.
Open source URL - [8]Elastic Process Injection July 2017
Hosseini, A. (2017, July 18). Ten Process Injection Techniques: A Technical Survey Of Common And Trending Process Injection Techniques. Retrieved December 7, 2017.
Open source URL - [9]Elastic Process Injection July 2017
Hosseini, A. (2017, July 18). Ten Process Injection Techniques: A Technical Survey Of Common And Trending Process Injection Techniques. Retrieved December 7, 2017.
Open source URL - [10]FSecure Hupigon
FSecure. (n.d.). Backdoor - W32/Hupigon.EMV - Threat Description. Retrieved December 18, 2017.
Open source URL - [11]FSecure Hupigon
FSecure. (n.d.). Backdoor - W32/Hupigon.EMV - Threat Description. Retrieved December 18, 2017.
Open source URL - [12]Microsoft Dev Blog IFEO Mar 2010
Shanbhag, M. (2010, March 24). Image File Execution Options (IFEO). Retrieved December 18, 2017.
Open source URL - [13]Microsoft Dev Blog IFEO Mar 2010
Shanbhag, M. (2010, March 24). Image File Execution Options (IFEO). Retrieved December 18, 2017.
Open source URL - [14]Microsoft GFlags Mar 2017
Microsoft. (2017, May 23). GFlags Overview. Retrieved December 18, 2017.
Open source URL - [15]Microsoft GFlags Mar 2017
Microsoft. (2017, May 23). GFlags Overview. Retrieved December 18, 2017.
Open source URL - [16]Microsoft Silent Process Exit NOV 2017
Marshall, D. & Griffin, S. (2017, November 28). Monitoring Silent Process Exit. Retrieved June 27, 2018.
Open source URL - [17]Microsoft Silent Process Exit NOV 2017
Marshall, D. & Griffin, S. (2017, November 28). Monitoring Silent Process Exit. Retrieved June 27, 2018.
Open source URL - [18]Oddvar Moe IFEO APR 2018
Moe, O. (2018, April 10). Persistence using GlobalFlags in Image File Execution Options - Hidden from Autoruns.exe. Retrieved June 27, 2018.
Open source URL - [19]Oddvar Moe IFEO APR 2018
Moe, O. (2018, April 10). Persistence using GlobalFlags in Image File Execution Options - Hidden from Autoruns.exe. Retrieved June 27, 2018.
Open source URL - [20]Symantec Ushedix June 2008
Symantec. (2008, June 28). Trojan.Ushedix. Retrieved December 18, 2017.
Open source URL - [21]Symantec Ushedix June 2008
Symantec. (2008, June 28). Trojan.Ushedix. Retrieved December 18, 2017.
Open source URL - [22]mitre-attackT1183Open source URL
- [23]mitre-attackT1183Open source URL
- [24]mitre-attackT1183Open source URL
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