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MITRE ATT&CK® Technique

T1179: Hooking

Windows processes often leverage application programming interface (API) functions to perform tasks that require reusable system resources. Windows API functions are typically stored in dynamic-link libraries (DLLs) as exported functions.

Hooking involves redirecting calls to these functions and can be implemented via:

* **Hooks procedures**, which intercept and execute designated code in response to events such as messages, keystrokes, and mouse inputs. [1] [2] * **Import address table (IAT) hooking**, which use modifications to a process’s IAT, where pointers to imported API functions are stored. [2] [3] [4] * **Inline hooking**, which overwrites the first bytes in an API function to redirect code flow. [2] [5] [4]

Similar to Process Injection, adversaries may use hooking to load and execute malicious code within the context of another process, masking the execution while also allowing access to the process's memory and possibly elevated privileges. Installing hooking mechanisms may also provide Persistence via continuous invocation when the functions are called through normal use.

Malicious hooking mechanisms may also capture API calls that include parameters that reveal user authentication credentials for Credential Access. [6]

Hooking is commonly utilized by Rootkits to conceal files, processes, Registry keys, and other objects in order to hide malware and associated behaviors. [7]

EnterpriseT1179TechniqueObject v1.1 Modified
Historical object

This ATT&CK object is revoked or deprecated in the current MITRE ATT&CK release.

It remains available for historical context and inbound links. Use current ATT&CK relationships and replacement guidance before basing detection or reporting work on this page.

Glexia's Take

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Official MITRE ATT&CK definition

Hooking

Windows processes often leverage application programming interface (API) functions to perform tasks that require reusable system resources. Windows API functions are typically stored in dynamic-link libraries (DLLs) as exported functions.

Hooking involves redirecting calls to these functions and can be implemented via:

* **Hooks procedures**, which intercept and execute designated code in response to events such as messages, keystrokes, and mouse inputs. [1] [2] * **Import address table (IAT) hooking**, which use modifications to a process’s IAT, where pointers to imported API functions are stored. [2] [3] [4] * **Inline hooking**, which overwrites the first bytes in an API function to redirect code flow. [2] [5] [4]

Similar to Process Injection, adversaries may use hooking to load and execute malicious code within the context of another process, masking the execution while also allowing access to the process's memory and possibly elevated privileges. Installing hooking mechanisms may also provide Persistence via continuous invocation when the functions are called through normal use.

Malicious hooking mechanisms may also capture API calls that include parameters that reveal user authentication credentials for Credential Access. [6]

Hooking is commonly utilized by Rootkits to conceal files, processes, Registry keys, and other objects in order to hide malware and associated behaviors. [7]

View the same entry on attack.mitre.org (MITRE-hosted reference; in-page links above use the Glexia ATT&CK library.)

Glexia analysis

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ATT&CK relationship table

Related techniques

This mirrors the MITRE pattern of making group, software, campaign, and technique relationships scannable. Relationship notes come from mirrored ATT&CK relationship text when available.

1 rows
Domain ID Name Relationship / procedure
Enterprise T1056.004 Credential API Hooking Sub-technique This object revoked by Credential API Hooking.
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Change history

Object version and sync metadata

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ATT&CK release
19.1
Object version
1.1
Created
Modified
Raw hash
d58f58f19917095a...
Imported snapshots across ATT&CK releases (1)
Release Bundle imported Object version Modified Status Raw hash
19.1 1.1 Current bundle Revoked d58f58f19917…
Raw source

Mirrored ATT&CK source object

The raw object is retained through the mirrored ATT&CK source bundle and object hash. The raw endpoint returns the exact object from the mirrored bundle when available.

Source references

External references and citations

MITRE external references are preserved separately from Glexia analysis so citations remain traceable to their original source records.

  1. [1]
    Microsoft Hook Overview

    Microsoft. (n.d.). Hooks Overview. Retrieved December 12, 2017.

    Open source URL
  2. [2]
    Elastic Process Injection July 2017

    Hosseini, A. (2017, July 18). Ten Process Injection Techniques: A Technical Survey Of Common And Trending Process Injection Techniques. Retrieved December 7, 2017.

    Open source URL
  3. [3]
    Adlice Software IAT Hooks Oct 2014

    Tigzy. (2014, October 15). Userland Rootkits: Part 1, IAT hooks. Retrieved December 12, 2017.

    Open source URL
  4. [4]
    MWRInfoSecurity Dynamic Hooking 2015

    Hillman, M. (2015, August 8). Dynamic Hooking Techniques: User Mode. Retrieved December 20, 2017.

    Open source URL
  5. [5]
    HighTech Bridge Inline Hooking Sept 2011

    Mariani, B. (2011, September 6). Inline Hooking in Windows. Retrieved December 12, 2017.

    Open source URL
  6. [6]
    Microsoft TrojanSpy:Win32/Ursnif.gen!I Sept 2017

    Microsoft. (2017, September 15). TrojanSpy:Win32/Ursnif.gen!I. Retrieved December 18, 2017.

    Open source URL
  7. [7]
    Symantec Windows Rootkits

    Symantec. (n.d.). Windows Rootkit Overview. Retrieved December 21, 2017.

    Open source URL
  8. [8]
    EyeofRa Detecting Hooking June 2017

    Eye of Ra. (2017, June 27). Windows Keylogger Part 2: Defense against user-land. Retrieved December 12, 2017.

    Open source URL
  9. [9]
    GMER Rootkits

    GMER. (n.d.). GMER. Retrieved December 12, 2017.

    Open source URL
  10. [10]
    Jay GetHooks Sept 2011

    Satiro, J. (2011, September 14). GetHooks. Retrieved December 12, 2017.

    Open source URL
  11. [11]
    Microsoft Process Snapshot

    Microsoft. (n.d.). Taking a Snapshot and Viewing Processes. Retrieved December 12, 2017.

    Open source URL
  12. [12]
    PreKageo Winhook Jul 2011

    Prekas, G. (2011, July 11). Winhook. Retrieved December 12, 2017.

    Open source URL
  13. [13]
    StackExchange Hooks Jul 2012

    Stack Exchange - Security. (2012, July 31). What are the methods to find hooked functions and APIs?. Retrieved December 12, 2017.

    Open source URL
  14. [14]
    Volatility Detecting Hooks Sept 2012

    Volatility Labs. (2012, September 24). MoVP 3.1 Detecting Malware Hooks in the Windows GUI Subsystem. Retrieved December 12, 2017.

    Open source URL
  15. [15]
    Zairon Hooking Dec 2006

    Felici, M. (2006, December 6). Any application-defined hook procedure on my machine?. Retrieved December 12, 2017.

    Open source URL
  16. [16]
    mitre-attack T1179
    Open source URL
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