{
  "type": "attack-pattern",
  "spec_version": "2.1",
  "id": "attack-pattern--648f8051-1a35-46d3-b1d8-3a3f5cf2cc8e",
  "created": "2019-11-19T17:32:20.373Z",
  "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
  "revoked": false,
  "external_references": [
    {
      "source_name": "mitre-attack",
      "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1541",
      "external_id": "T1541"
    },
    {
      "source_name": "Android-SensorsOverview",
      "description": "Google. (n.d.). Sensors Overview. Retrieved November 19, 2019.",
      "url": "https://developer.android.com/guide/topics/sensors/sensors_overview#sensors-practices"
    },
    {
      "source_name": "Android-ForegroundServices",
      "description": "Google. (n.d.). Services overview. Retrieved November 19, 2019.",
      "url": "https://developer.android.com/guide/components/services.html#Foreground"
    },
    {
      "source_name": "TrendMicro-Yellow Camera",
      "description": "Song Wang. (2019, October 18). Fake Photo Beautification Apps on Google Play can Read SMS Verification Code to Trigger Wireless Application Protocol (WAP)/Carrier Billing. Retrieved November 19, 2019.",
      "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/fake-photo-beautification-apps-on-google-play-can-read-sms-verification-code-to-trigger-wireless-application-protocol-wap-carrier-billing/"
    },
    {
      "source_name": "BlackHat Sutter Android Foreground 2019",
      "description": "Thomas Sutter. (2019, December). Simple Spyware Androids Invisible Foreground Services and How to (Ab)use Them. Retrieved December 26, 2019.",
      "url": "https://i.blackhat.com/eu-19/Thursday/eu-19-Sutter-Simple-Spyware-Androids-Invisible-Foreground-Services-And-How-To-Abuse-Them.pdf"
    },
    {
      "source_name": "NIST Mobile Threat Catalogue",
      "url": "https://pages.nist.gov/mobile-threat-catalogue/application-threats/APP-19.html",
      "external_id": "APP-19"
    }
  ],
  "object_marking_refs": [
    "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
  ],
  "modified": "2026-05-12T15:12:00.636Z",
  "name": "Foreground Persistence",
  "description": "Adversaries may abuse Android's `startForeground()` API method to maintain continuous sensor access. Beginning in Android 9, idle applications running in the background no longer have access to device sensors, such as the camera, microphone, and gyroscope.(Citation: Android-SensorsOverview) Applications can retain sensor access by running in the foreground, using Android’s `startForeground()` API method. This informs the system that the user is actively interacting with the application, and it should not be killed. The only requirement to start a foreground service is showing a persistent notification to the user.(Citation: Android-ForegroundServices)\n\nMalicious applications may abuse the `startForeground()` API method to continue running in the foreground, while presenting a notification to the user pretending to be a genuine application. This would allow unhindered access to the device’s sensors, assuming permission has been previously granted.(Citation: BlackHat Sutter Android Foreground 2019)\n\nMalicious applications may also abuse the `startForeground()` API to inform the Android system that the user is actively interacting with the application, thus preventing it from being killed by the low memory killer.(Citation: TrendMicro-Yellow Camera)",
  "kill_chain_phases": [
    {
      "kill_chain_name": "mitre-mobile-attack",
      "phase_name": "defense-evasion"
    },
    {
      "kill_chain_name": "mitre-mobile-attack",
      "phase_name": "persistence"
    }
  ],
  "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.3.0",
  "x_mitre_contributors": [
    "Lorin Wu, Trend Micro"
  ],
  "x_mitre_deprecated": false,
  "x_mitre_domains": [
    "mobile-attack"
  ],
  "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false,
  "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
  "x_mitre_platforms": [
    "Android"
  ],
  "x_mitre_version": "2.1",
  "x_mitre_tactic_type": [
    "Post-Adversary Device Access"
  ]
}